The New York Times - 11.08.2026.pdf

《纽约时报》

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第175卷……第60,973期

© 2020 纽约时报公司

2026年8月11日，星期二

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特朗普对人工智能持乐观态度

尽管普遍存在担忧

无视选民对潜在失业和新数据中心的忧虑

作者：托约特·鲍伊

华盛顿——人工智能的迅速崛起已开始在全国范围内引发选民担忧，他们担心一旦这项技术取得成功，自己可能会失业，或者如果该行业衰退，退休储蓄将受损。

然而，尽管出现了越来越多的质疑和政治反馈，白宫却丝毫没有表现出担忧。特朗普总统对即将到来的数字革命普遍持更为乐观的态度。

在政府看来，人工智能几乎不会出错。

近几周，特朗普及其高级助手驳斥了大规模自动化可能对家庭、企业和美国整体经济造成负面影响的说法。即便电工群体对这项技术——以及为其提供动力的数据中心——愈发不安，总统仍坚持认为人工智能将改变从医学研究到军事行动的方方面面。

总统与公众在数据中心这一炙手可热的问题上表现出的政治鸿沟最为明显。特朗普将数据中心誉为“摇钱树”，但全国范围内对这些设施的反对声浪却在不断扩大。

上月，一小群示威者在密歇根州的一场特朗普集会上打断活动，要求停止数据中心建设。此前，全国各地已出现类似抗议活动，由原本支持特朗普政策的保守派人士组织。

“在我看来，政府对这项技术持乐观态度，”保守派智库美国企业研究所经济政策研究主任迈克尔·斯特雷特在谈及政府的态度时表示。

斯特雷特称，他基本认同总统在推动人工智能发展方面的“总体思路”，并相信这项技术将在经济和国家层面带来益处。继续阅读A17版

追踪全美车辆的摄像头正在扩散

反抗行动也随之兴起

作者：费尔南多·阿方索三世 及 卡什米尔·希尔

得克萨斯州卡罗尔顿市——在一条仅有达拉斯多车道的公路上行驶时，25岁的手机信号塔维修工菲利普正描述着他对自家“热门房产”的必要警惕，突然停下了话头。

“弗洛克！”他指着十字路口的一根路灯杆说道。

弗洛克安全公司的网络覆盖250,000个 摄像头，用于追踪车牌。

灯杆上安装着一个小型黑色盒子，内置24小时运作的摄像头。这是由总部位于亚特兰大的弗洛克安全公司制造的车牌识别器，用于“执法”和“公开监控”车辆，并允许警方查看感兴趣车辆的行踪。

菲利普将车停在一家购物中心的停车场，在牙科诊所外泊好车，然后打开了手机上的一个应用。这个名为“反弗洛克”的应用号召用户“查看并贡献公共大规模监控服务的开放地图”。他在数字地图上找到那个十字路口，并标记了摄像头的位置。菲利普要求隐去全名，因为弗洛克安全公司首席执行官加勒特·兰利曾将“反弗洛克”称为“恐怖主义”。

对菲利普而言，“反弗洛克”是对捕捉普通民众日常活动的摄像头扩散的一种反抗。

“我反抗的方式是什么？教育。数据，”菲利普说，“我只是在疑神疑鬼吗？不，它们真的无处不在！”

弗洛克公司的250,000个摄像头可继续阅读A17版

特朗普“接管”改变华盛顿，

但这座城市是否变得更好？

作者：坎贝尔·罗伯逊

华盛顿——一年前，特朗普总统宣称华盛顿已“沦陷、破败不堪”，并宣布他将“夺回我们的首都”。

许多居民惊恐地看到，总统宣布将派遣数千名国民警卫队士兵和联邦执法人员进入街头，并称首都警察局“已由直接医疗控制”。

法院阻止了特朗普政府部分最激进的行动，但此次“入侵”——当地活动人士称之为“占领”——仍是半个世纪以来对华盛顿有限自治权最严重的侵犯。

武装部队已成为地铁站、市中心街道和新近重新绿化的联邦公园的常见景象。联邦执法人员在公园内巡逻，与市警并肩执勤。政府放宽了联邦警察在市区追车的限制，期间发生多起撞车事故，其中两起致命。

随着严重犯罪和起诉激增，监狱人口在过去一年中增长了近20%，且近40%的案件被该市首席法官形容为“已达崩溃边缘”。

这些情况短期内似乎不会消失。来自23个州和地区的国民警卫队员已被“轮换”部署，任期延长至特朗普总统任期的最后一天。联邦政府最近签署了一份价值$292百万的合同

哥伦比亚卡利市，救援人员和当地居民合力搜寻周一7.6级地震后的幸存者。

哥伦比亚强震致数十人遇难

本文作者：朱莉·特克维茨、格洛里基·戈维克、迈克尔·莱文纳尔

波哥大（哥伦比亚）——周一，一场强烈地震袭击哥伦比亚西部，震动了该国大部分地区，并引发多个主要城市倒塌建筑废墟中的紧急救援行动。

据哥伦比亚总统伊丽莎白·德拉·埃斯佩洛特称，至少131人死亡，87人受伤，另有1,575栋房屋、10个医疗中心和53所学校受损。随着救援队和居民继续在倒塌建筑中搜寻，死亡人数可能进一步上升。

哥伦比亚地质调查局称，此次7.6级地震发生于上午7:34，是该国十年来记录到的最强地震。该机构表示，已记录到两次余震，震级分别为2.8和4.8，地震波及邻国巴拿马、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉。后者仍在从数周前两次毁灭性地震中恢复，那两次地震已造成逾6,000人死亡。

据美国地质调查局称，震中位于圣何塞-德尔帕尔马尔镇以东约3英里处，该镇约有3,000人口，位于哥伦比亚最贫困的地区之一——卡纳尔地区。

画面显示哥伦比亚第三大城市卡利（约有200万人口）以及佩雷拉和马尼萨莱斯两座咖啡种植区枢纽城市的建筑部分坍塌。

据该地区州长达班·弗朗西斯科·托罗称，在卡拉卡-埃尔恩西诺镇，一口水井坍塌导致3名儿童死亡。托罗女士表示，一家医院被摧毁，另一家不堪重负，第三家医院的病人已被疏散。

距震中仅25英里的佩雷拉市约有300,000人，同样遭受重创。市长毛里西奥·萨拉萨尔称，一家国家广播电台报道至少有10人

高温压垮巴基斯坦“辣椒之都”

农民难以适应飙升的气温，这些高温可能毁掉他们珍贵的作物。详见A6版

一则“狗咬人”的新闻：一份报纸的良性循环

作者：埃琳·温普尔

那些声称纸媒已死的人，应该在周四早上与《格伦福尔斯纪事报》创始人马克·弗罗斯特一同进行投递之旅。

弗罗斯特先生驾驶着一辆装满数百份报纸的萨哈拉森林者汽车四处奔波，忠实的读者们在投递点翘首以盼。其中一个投递点是哈姆扎福德的一家杂货店，76岁的威廉·诺顿坐在他的栗色雪佛兰西尔维拉德车内，准备为他在“六十溪”的邻居们取走40份免费周报——

家庭经营的周报

极致本地化

“他们那里就只有这些可读的东西了，”诺顿先生解释道。

人们成摞拿走《纪事报》的情况屡见不鲜，以至于弗罗斯特先生开始询问他们的用意。毕竟印刷成本高昂，

他希望每一份报纸都能送到读者手中。“大多数人实际上会坚持到第二天。我当时正装着一些玻璃，”弗罗斯特回忆道。他把报纸要了回来。

弗罗斯特先生的坚持是全国各地涌现的一类出版物的缩影。自上世纪60年代中期以来，已有近3,500家报纸停止出版，但仍有约3,200家像《纪事报》这样的出版物——独立、有时由家族经营的周报——“并非严格意义上的本地报纸”，州本地新闻状况研究主任扎克·梅茨格表示。[继续阅读A19版]

战火摧毁的伊朗明珠

作者：法尔纳兹·法姆希（FARNAZ FAMSHI） 及 希琳·纳宾（SHIRIN NABIN）

直到不久前，科达里岛（Qodari）那湛蓝的海水、洁白的沙滩和壮丽的悬崖每年吸引着数百万游客，并吸引了一批忠实的艺术家、投资者和设计师，他们共同将这座岛屿打造成伊朗东部的度假胜地。

这里的美景如此令人惊叹，以至于因其独特的自然奇观而被联合国教科文组织列为全球地质公园，其景点名称宛如童话般动人：星星谷、星星森林设计师，以及希赫·德维亚的玳瑁海龟。

然而，与美国和以色列的战争已持续近六个月，彻底颠覆了这里的生活，昔日最繁华的旅游胜地如今一片萧条，岛上居民苦苦挣扎。

25岁的法罗赫在科达拉岛（Qodara）从事旅游业。她在电话采访中表示，岛上旅游业从业者都受到了影响，而与伊朗其他地区不同，南部地区的战争从未停歇，几乎持续不断。她说，他们生活在一种永久的不安状态之中——

“许多人拥有船只，用于运送乘客、经营餐馆、出租摩托艇或为游客提供橡皮艇服务。几乎所有的橡皮艇租赁店都逐渐关闭，有时一天就有一两家。31家橡皮艇租赁店已全部歇业。有些人干脆收拾行李离开了岛屿。”法罗赫说。与本文受访的其他人一样，她——

每日引言

“看来大自然已经不再站在我们这边了。”

——阿里·巴尔（Ali Barr），巴基斯坦卡拉特（Karnt）前红辣椒种植者，谈及气候变化对近期辣椒作物的影响，这种作物的价格正变得越来越高昂。第40页

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新闻背后的故事

4.16与史前基准相比，教育部现状及其他话题引发了《纽约时报》读者的关注。

关于GLP-1药物及其他问题的回应

《纽约时报》记者回应了一位读者关于减肥药物和成瘾问题的疑问。

《晨报》编辑部

《晨报》新闻简讯团队定期向读者征集关于新闻的问题，并邀请《纽约时报》最优秀的记者来解答。我们的健康、政治和华盛顿报道团队回答了几位好奇读者的提问。

财政部宣布发行一枚印有特朗普总统头像的新金币。我记得法律禁止在货币上印有在世人物的肖像。真相是什么？

霍华德·斯通，佛罗里达州本顿海滩

负责华盛顿经济政策报道的艾伦·拉帕波特写道：关于特朗普头像出现在金币上是否合法的争议，核心在于硬币是否被视为货币。

1886年，国会通过了一项法律，规定“只有已故个人的肖像才能出现在美国货币和证券上”。特朗普政府的论点是，硬币不同于纸币或证券。甚至不清楚谁有资格将政府告上法庭，以阻止这枚纪念币的发行。（顺便说一句，这枚硬币不含实际黄金。）

当GLP-1类药物首次上市时，曾有猜测称它们可能有效治疗成瘾，但最近没有听到相关消息。目前是否有临床试验在进行？

卢辛达·多兰，宾夕法尼亚州格伦罗克

负责减肥药物报道的健康记者丹妮·布鲁姆写道：GLP-1类药物在物质使用障碍（成瘾）治疗方面取得了不少进展，尤其是在酒精成瘾领域。退伍军人事务部刚刚启动了一项试验，测试司美格鲁肽（Trulicity和Wegovy中的活性成分）对酒精使用障碍患者的效果——我将密切关注这些结果。过去五年中，已有少量研究结果表明，GLP-1类药物可能减少对酒精、尼古丁的渴求，但科学家们呼吁谨慎对待。这一领域的研究仍处于早期阶段。

目前教育部的情况如何？

凯利·埃利斯，丹佛

负责教育部报道的迈克尔·C·本德写道：教育部仍然存在，只是更难找到。特朗普希望彻底取消该机构，但这需要国会的法案，而国会议员对此兴趣寥寥。他的变通方案是将教育部的主要职能分散到其他六个行政机构。

教育部长琳达·麦克马汉仍在职，她的高层团队也在。如今，教育部几乎像一个承包商，雇佣卫生与公众服务部、财政部等其他机构，有效雇用教育部工作人员并履行其法定职责。

美国为什么没有统一的初选日？这似乎给了少数几个州过大的影响力，而这看起来不够民主。

杰奎琳·里特卡，雷·里特卡，迈阿密

全国政治记者卡琳·格吕克写道：你说得对，长期以来，少数几个州在决定总统候选人提名时发挥了过大的作用。早期投票州的顺序有时成为争论和戏剧性事件的来源，尤其是对民主党而言。多年来，他们一直在努力调整初选顺序，以反映党内及全国的多样性。

至于为什么没有统一的全国初选日？我请教了伊莱恩·C·卡马尔克，她著有关于总统初选制度的书籍《初选政治》，并是负责民主党新初选顺序的委员会成员。简而言之，她说，这是一个宪法问题。

“这种做法最初由各州主导，至今仍然如此，”她告诉我。“要让所有州达成一致，必须由国会立法，但国会一直非常不愿干预这一点。”

请将《早报》团队的问题发送至 nytimes.com / morning questions。

历史头条

火星生命探索仍是谜团

11, 1976。在“海盗1号”着陆器登陆火星克律塞平原数周后举行的新闻发布会上，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的科学家表示，火星土壤样本显示出活跃的化学反应，但尚未发现生命迹象。《纽约时报》报道称，当被问及火星上是否可能存在生命时，乔舒亚·莱德伯格博士表示：“我们可能无法通过‘海盗’号来回答这个问题。”他补充说，科学家们未曾预料到火星表面会有如此“高强度的辐射活动”。最终，“海盗1号”未能得出任何确凿的结论，但它让科学家们对火星有了更清晰的认识，并超出预期地持续运行，直至1982年11月向地球发送最后一次传输。去年9月，《自然》杂志发表的一篇论文报告称，自2012年2月起在火星上运行的NASA“毅力号”火星车发现了一块含有有机化合物和矿物质的岩石，这些成分为火星微生物的存在提供了迄今最有力的证据。

《纽约时报》刊登的所有广告均受适用的法律、法规和自律准则约束，并遵循以下出版物的规定：《纽约时报》公司章程、第1条、A-5条、出版商公告。

本尼迪克特·阿格斯，利兹·弗里德曼与儿童研究官 R·安东尼·纳尔逊，财务主管 卡伦·林岑，秘书

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塞卜泰（位于北非摩洛哥最北端附近的城市）已被西班牙控制数百年，其84,000名居民均为西班牙公民，其中许多人来自西班牙本土。

《贫富差距分化一个阶层》（标题原文不完整）

“声景漫步”一词由R·默里·谢弗创造，他创立了“世界声景项目”，旨在唤起人们对日益严重的噪音问题的关注，并强调捕捉自然和社区声景的重要性。

《这里的音乐无处不在》（V）

仅在20世纪，天花估计已造成3亿人死亡。

《天花的基因之谜》（S）

印第安纳大学去年在橄榄球赛季中以16胜0负的战绩赢得全国冠军，推动其体育部门在截至6月的2026财年捐款从2,500万美元增至5,000万美元。

《全国冠军带动印第安纳大学全面发展》（a）

在2024-25赛季，美国超过一半的受管理蜂群消失。

《蜂巢保卫战》（I）

迷你填字游戏

横向

1 经典童话中杰克的“魔法”物品 2 A / V中的“4”代表什么 3 从中获取腐败利益的政治盟友 4 “Life ___”（谐音短语） 5 与“best”组成的复合词后缀

纵向

1 七孔内衣或胸罩带下的皮肤问题（混成词） 2 大陆货币单位 3 “…不要购买！”（宠物收容所标语） 4 马鞍上的最高数字 5 素食汉堡的原料

3 ...

读者角落

提问：你渴望活到100岁吗？

跳伞是你长寿计划的一部分吗？无论宏大还是平凡，分享你的愿望。

如今，似乎每个人都痴迷于长寿。名人医生告诉你年老时该吃什么，TikTok网红分享护肤秘诀，YouTube视频承诺最有效的锻炼方法。但真正的健康老龄化意味着什么？那些正在经历的人又是怎么说的？

为10月的特别专栏，《纽约时报》希望听听关于长寿现实的故事——从意想不到的喜悦到清醒的变化。如果你的目标是加入全球约700,000名百岁老人的行列，我们很乐意听听你的想法（比如，比方说200字以内）。

如果活到100岁是你的目标，你有实现它的计划吗？你是否曾与百岁老人相处过？如果有，你从中学到了什么关于如何延长寿命并热爱生活的道理，无论你渴望活到多少岁？是什么激励着你，塑造了你的生活观，而这些又如何随时间变化？你会对年轻时的自己说什么？或者，你生活中的百岁老人有哪些故事让你感同身受？

分享你的故事，请填写表格：nytimes.com / readers。未经事先联系，我们不会发表你的任何投稿内容。

收件箱速递

《纽约时报》通讯摘录

一场环孢子虫病疫情改变了许多沙拉爱好者的习惯：他们开始对大口吃生菜和其他多叶蔬菜心存恐惧。上周，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）与受污染卷心莴苣相关的州名单增加了6个，总数达到10个。在《今日纽约》通讯中，詹姆斯·巴伦采访了报道此次疫情的商业记者朱莉·克伦威尔，以下是他们对话的编辑摘录。

疫情的传播范围有多广？纽约州和市卫生部门已追踪到多少病例？

环孢子虫病疫情每年都会发生。但今年的疫情规模巨大。联邦监管机构正在追踪约22,000例确诊和疑似环孢子虫病病例。这一数字可能被低估，因为许多人要么早已生病，要么目前正在生病但未寻求医疗帮助。纽约州卫生部门表示，自5月以来已确诊823例环孢子虫病病例，其中553例在纽约市。

接下来会怎样？如果疫情平息，消费者是否会停止在本地购买生菜？

因此，会有一部分消费者转向从小型农产品摊位或农贸市场购买生菜，并在环孢子虫病淡出头条后继续这样做。但其他注重价格的消费者会回到杂货店购买生菜，因为价格通常更便宜。

尽管7月杂货店预包装沙拉的销售额较上月下降了20%，但这也表明，仍有大量消费者继续从杂货店货架购买多叶蔬菜，对环孢子虫病毫不在意。

订阅《今日纽约》通讯：nytimes.com / newsletters。

一锅日式咖喱鸡肉饭

经典的日式咖喱是一种搭配米饭的牛肉蔬菜炖菜。这道食谱并非传统做法，而是一道简单的一锅式餐点，以鸡腿肉、蔬菜和米饭为主。与其依赖商店购买或自制的速溶咖喱块，这道菜仅需几种香料即可模仿出传统日式咖喱的风味。AIR DOGN

时间：1小时 分量：4至6人份

• 2磅带骨带皮鸡腿肉（约4至6块）
• 2汤匙菜籽油
• 盐和黑胡椒
• 3汤匙无盐黄油
• ½杯切碎的白洋葱或黄洋葱
• 3汤匙咖喱粉
• 1汤匙切碎的大蒜
• 1汤匙切碎的新鲜姜
• ½茶匙肉豆蔻粉
• 1½杯短粒白米，淘洗至水清
• 1个大土豆（约1磅），如纳奥丽、白土豆或爱达荷土豆，去皮切成½英寸方块
• 3根中等胡萝卜，切成½英寸厚片
• 3½杯低钠鸡汤
• 3汤匙伍斯特酱
• 切碎的葱、泡菜、泡菜或辣酱，用于搭配

1. 将烤箱预热至375华氏度。将1汤匙油涂抹在鸡肉上，并用盐和胡椒调味。

2. 在一个大号荷兰锅或厚重锅中，用中火加热剩余的1汤匙油和1汤匙黄油，直至黄油融化。分两批将鸡肉煎至两面金黄，每面3至4分钟，然后转移至盘中。

3. 向锅中加入洋葱，用盐和胡椒调味，翻炒至软化2分钟。加入咖喱粉、大蒜、姜、肉豆蔻和剩余的2汤匙黄油，搅拌至黄油融化且香料散发香气，约1分钟。

4. 加入淘洗过的米饭，搅拌至均匀裹上香料。加入土豆、胡萝卜、鸡汤和伍斯特酱，刮起锅底的褐色焦屑。用盐和胡椒充分调味鸡汤。将鸡肉（及其汁液）皮朝上摆放在米饭上，大火加热至沸腾。加盖烘烤20分钟。揭盖后继续烘烤，直至大部分液体被吸收，鸡肉呈金黄色且熟透，约需10分钟。

5. 将鸡肉和米饭分装入盘，撒上葱花。搭配泡菜、泡菜或辣酱食用。

更多食谱请访问《纽约时报》美食版：sycooking.com。

“化腐朽为神奇”项链 10K金或纯银材质

莫妮卡·里奇·科桑

每日游戏

随时随地尝试填字游戏、迷你填字、拼字游戏等。

《纽约时报》 游戏

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2026年8月11日 星期二

国际

《纽约时报》

马拉加成为西班牙首个主要“推进型”城市。在市长弗朗西斯科·德拉托雷任期内，该市大力发展旅游业。批评者指责他打造了一个许多本地人无法负担的城市。

全球人物志：弗朗西斯科·德拉托雷

他是马拉加的救星，还是毁灭者？

作者：贾森·伊索伯茨

M.G.A.G.A. 西班牙——在棕榈树成荫的海滨步道上，每隔几码，就会有路人停下来向马拉加63岁的市长弗朗西斯科·德拉托雷表达感谢，感谢他改变了这座西班牙南部海岸的港口城市。

一位当地投资顾问感谢德拉托雷吸引了外国投资者。一位英国移民称赞他让她有了家的感觉。而在谷歌17,000小时网络安全中心附近，一位75岁的老妇人只是哭泣着，表达了对这位过去26年来一直领导这座城市的市长的爱戴。

“可能要再过很多年，才会出现这样一位市长，”这位名叫梅赛德斯·马里尼奥的女士说，并补充道，她从未见过一位“有如此良好意图”的政治家。

在德拉托雷的批评者看来，问题在于这些良好的意图——它们将马拉加变成了科技与文化的繁荣磁石——是否也铺就了过度旅游、房价飙升和马拉加灵魂丧失的道路。

随着德拉托雷——被众多孙辈称为“帕拉爷爷”——准备在2024年竞选连续第八个任期，这个问题的回响远远超出了西班牙这座“科技声波推进之城”的范围。

欧洲各地的省级城市都在努力复苏经济，经历了数十年的去工业化后。能够转型的城市更多地依赖旅游业。其他城市则试图成为科技中心，吸引数字游民。

马拉加两手押注，并成为一场赌局的试金石：这种双重押注能否在不摧毁城市特色的情况下奏效。在马拉加——花生漫画的故乡——取决于你问谁，要么是双倍提高了生存机会，要么是自食其果的双重打击，让这座城市变得负担不起、缺乏生机且面目全非。

在马拉加，这场辩论的核心是德拉托雷，一位举止温和、戴着眼镜的公务员，他在城市的一个普通社区中排行第二，家中有八个孩子。他在采访中表示，他成长的马拉加是一个主要的水乡，面包靠施舍，孩子们玩着布球。

“我不记得有过一架秋千，”他说。

如今，批评者在现代化的市中心看到了另一种被遗弃的景象。根据国家统计数据，马拉加市中心每平方英里的旅游公寓数量超过西班牙任何其他主要城市。德拉托雷的反对者称，这并非出于对真实场所的任何感知。梅斯蒂扎城堡和演员安东尼奥·班德拉斯（马拉加的另一位本土名人）的顶层公寓，已成为可移动商店和单身派对的背景。根据马拉加经济协会的数据，马拉加75%的住宅购买者现在是非本地居民。根据当地一家工会的数据，该市及周边省份超过43%的居民收入低于最低工资——比西班牙平均水平高出六个百分点。

“我不认为自己对这个问题负有责任，”当被问及是否创造了一个怪物时，德拉托雷说道。我们在马拉加版的巴黎蓬皮杜中心——他任期内建造的博物馆之一——进行了交谈。他表示，虽然经济繁荣带来了“住房挑战”，但真正的责任在于国家经济动态，以及负责土地使用的联邦政府不愿建造新住房。

这位市长并非一直如此关切。在2024年，他激怒了一些

居民无法负担租金时，他曾表示搬离市中心“不是什么大不了的事”。如今，显然进入竞选模式的他，大力推动住房建设，提出将旅游税专项用于降低租金，并在市中心暂时禁止将公寓出租给游客。

马拉加及其周边地区的政治和经济历来动荡不定。西班牙最伟大的历史画作之一描绘了1812.自由主义革命者在海滩上为理想牺牲的场景。在丝绸业一度衰落后，马拉加拥抱工业革命，但最终发现，相比交通更便利的竞争对手，它更难成为制造业中心。

20世纪弗朗哥独裁统治期间，这座城市及其周边海岸线成为旅游业爆发和建筑业繁荣的中心，彻底改变了其景观和经济面貌。

19世纪70年代，德拉托雷作为弗朗哥政权下的省级领导人登上历史舞台，随后在民主过渡时期担任中央议员。他于1872,协助建立了马拉加的第一所大学，并在19世纪90年代初成为一座新科技园的倡导者。到2000,他已成为市长。

该园区受益于早期对光纤的投资，以及毗邻西班牙第四大机场的地理优势。园区总经理费利佩·贝塞拉表示，园区的发展还得益于德拉托雷的政策，这些政策提供了极大的稳定性。贝塞拉说，每逢周日晚上电话响起，他就知道是德拉托雷打来的。

贝塞拉补充道，在德拉托雷的领导下，这座科技中心吸引了众多跨国公司。他说，目前有超过700家企业雇用了约25,000名员工，创造了马拉加近10%的经济产出。

德拉托雷还推动了文化转型。自他上任以来，马拉加已建成十多家博物馆。

“这是另一种城市，”卡门·蒂森博物馆艺术总监卢尔德斯·莫雷纳说。该博物馆位于马拉加复兴的地标性建筑内，收藏着西班牙艺术品。

距此不远的毕加索博物馆在德拉托雷上任前已构想，但于其任内开放。如今，它是西班牙十大博物馆之一，每年吸引600,000名游客。游客们常常抚摸毕加索出生地附近一尊艺术家雕像的秃头。

“普拉多斯（毕加索的昵称）会感到惊讶的，”博物馆艺术总监米格尔·洛佩斯-博内罗·福拉达说。

然而，许多人认为这一切是一把双刃剑。

当地活动人士艾克·埃斯帕尼亚指出，将毕加索——他幼年离开马拉加，在巴塞罗那、马德里和巴黎度过成长岁月——作为这座城市新国际化的象征，在历史上显得不协调。埃斯帕尼亚说，毕加索“唯一喜欢马拉加的地方，就是在这里出生”。

2024,埃斯帕尼亚协助组织了一场抗议活动，吸引了15,000名反对马拉加转型负面影响的示威者。这一运动在全市持续发酵，常见的抗议标语如“马拉加不应被出卖，而应被捍卫”。

他批评市长对市中心部分公寓出租给游客的新限制，称旅游业的祸害早已蔓延到市中心之外。

在他周围，游客拖着行李箱穿梭于人潮中——这些地方挤满了下船的邮轮乘客，仿佛一艘巨型游轮的甲板。埃斯帕尼亚哀叹西班牙和欧洲的过度旅游时代，但担忧马拉加“比其他城市更迷失”。

也有人认为，除了追随德拉托雷的道路，别无他法。

“要么成为一个成功的城市，承受随之而来的所有问题，”马拉加大学政治学家曼努埃尔·阿里亚斯·马尔多纳多说，“要么就什么都不是。”

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《纽约时报》国际版 2020 年 8 月 11 日，星期二

乌克兰无人机袭击深入俄罗斯腹地

作者：埃文·诺伊希普伦斯基（EVAN NEUHIPURUNSKI）与希里安·奥格雷迪（SHIRIAN O'GRADY）

俄罗斯彼得奥库鲁讯——周一，乌克兰对莫斯科以东约150英里的一座工业城市发动的无人机袭击，是自2021年全面战争爆发以来，俄罗斯境内最致命的袭击之一，展示了基辅日益增强的远程打击能力，其攻击范围已远超冲突前线。

据当地市长称，袭击造成至少13人死亡，20人受伤。俄罗斯调查人员表示，袭击命中了该市的民用和工业设施。Nishishuizuka是俄罗斯最大、最先进的炼油厂之一的所在地。俄罗斯调查委员会在一份声明中表示，死者中包括一名儿童。

乌克兰总参谋部表示，乌克兰部队袭击了Tansko炼油厂，并记录到该处发生火灾。近几个月来，乌克兰系统性地瞄准俄罗斯炼油厂，旨在扰乱军事和民用燃料供应，导致加油站出现长队。

The Krossila已紧急采取措施缓解短缺，但莫斯科和圣彼得堡的供应压力依然存在，石油公司现需耗资数十亿美元进行维修。

美国驻喀山领事馆（该地区首府）表示，在乌克兰对Moseley的袭击中，有7名乌兹别克斯坦公民丧生。数十万乌兹别克斯坦人前往俄罗斯工作。

尽管俄罗斯境内平民死亡人数不断上升，但与乌克兰相比仍相形见绌。在入侵期间，莫斯科对乌克兰城市发动了大规模空袭和无人机袭击，造成大量平民伤亡。

随着战争在乌克兰东部前线陷入僵局，基辅试图打破俄罗斯大部分地区相对平静的生活状态，尽管数千名俄罗斯士兵在战斗中丧生。乌克兰试图对俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·V·普京施加足够的社会和经济压力，迫使其在当前前线寻求停火。

乌克兰的无人机袭击已扰乱俄罗斯全境的空中交通，并引发大范围的移动互联网中断。袭击还引发了该国近代史上最严重的燃料危机，并对俄罗斯最大的在线零售商Whitecross造成重大损失。乌克兰已袭击了该公司的20多个仓库。

然而，由于缺乏能够携带比无人机更重弹药的远程导弹储备，乌克兰对俄罗斯境内的打击仍然影响有限。

在乌克兰仅成功对莫斯科和圣彼得堡这两座俄罗斯最大城市发动过少数几次袭击后，这两座城市的生活基本未受影响。尽管战争开支沉重，俄罗斯经济尚未濒临崩溃，且因美国与伊朗冲突推高的油价而获得提振。

随着基辅扩大对俄罗斯境内的打击，莫斯科军队近几周也加大了对乌克兰的攻势。无人机、滑翔炸弹、巡航导弹和弹道导弹不断落在基辅及其他主要城市。据联合国称，今年夏天，俄罗斯的袭击已造成数百名乌克兰平民丧生。

莫斯科正利用乌克兰防空系统的耗竭。全球最先进的“爱国者”防空系统拦截弹药短缺，而这类武器是乌克兰军火库中唯一能击落弹道导弹的装备，这意味着乌克兰可能将继续面临空中轰炸的威胁。

俄罗斯的袭击还破坏了乌克兰的供水和电力系统。随着秋季临近，外界担忧俄罗斯将再次瞄准乌克兰的供暖和电力基础设施，使乌克兰人不得不面对又一个寒冷黑暗的冬天。

台湾测试若中国切断互联网如何应对

作者：克里斯·巴克利（CHRIS BUCKLEY）与艾米·张陈（AMY CHANG CHEN）

台湾铃木野讯——周一，台湾中部地区的移动数据连接被限速长达30分钟，数百万人无法通过手机观看视频、分享照片或进行视频通话。

此次调查被刻意纳入测试，首次以大规模方式模拟中国攻击扰乱台湾通信时，该岛可能面临的应对之策。

此次活动是台湾年度民防演习的一部分，政府试图让民众短暂体验——如果中国试图以武力夺取这座自治岛屿，他们应如何应对。

演习在不同地区分不同日期举行。周一，在拥有近300 万人口的台中市，政府举行了空袭警报演习，下午2:30警报声响起，提示民众寻找掩蔽。警报声中，人们涌入地下室，或留在家中、商店、购物中心和火车站。手机上随即弹出一条信息。

信息称，模拟空袭通信基础设施，移动网络访问将受影响，提醒民众切换至无线宽带或室内Wi-Fi，并列出了紧急联络电话。

台中是14个被指定参与此次通信中断演习的市县之一。

在拉拉山购物中心，多数店铺熄灯关门，进行24分钟的演习，而顾客和用餐者则原地不动，有人拍照，有人聊天或玩游戏，观看已下载到手机的视频。

“绝对有必要，”正坐在北区美食广场的牙科护理专业2年级学生余俊萱（Yu Chun-hsuan）说，“如今我们都离不开手机。如果发生战争或类似情况，他们很可能会发动网络战或切断通信。”

赖清德总统领导的政府加大了对今年民防演习的宣传力度，强调中国构成的威胁——中国一方面宣称对台拥有主权，另一方面则以大量军舰、登陆艇和导弹威慑，可能为入侵做准备。习近平表示希望和平统一台湾，但不排除使用武力。

此次演习谨慎测试了台湾防卫的核心问题：若该岛与外界的通信受损，将如何运转。台湾几乎完全依赖海底光缆进行通信，官员曾表示，与中国有关联的商船曾破坏台湾部分外岛的海底光缆。大规模的连接中断将严重损害台湾的经济和军事能力。

与此同时，民防演习与军方为期10天的年度演习同步进行，已成为民众对中国威胁看法分歧的年度例证。一些人认为来自中国的军事攻击真实且迫在眉睫，另一些人则认为战争可能性微乎其微，或认为台湾政府至少应为紧张局势升级负部分责任。

“如果大家都能和平相处，就不会有这么高的紧张局势了。现在他们可能在为孩子的鞋子发愁。”一位70岁的退休研究员黄长都（Huang Chang-du）在冷饮店说。他认为中国是真正的威胁，演习是台湾民众能为自保所做的最低限度努力。他比平时更认真地阅读了一名警察递给他的安全指导单。

“台湾不能太弱，需要更强大一些，对所有人都一样。所有战争贩子都把我们看作一个小国，试图吞并或控制我们。”

年度军演的部分目的似乎在于展示：台湾有能力保卫自己。

更大的问题是，台湾民众在真正遭遇入侵或封锁时会如何反应。虽然只有一个真实的参考画面，但对部分居民来说，这让他们在心理上感到更有准备。

“我们从演习中听到的反馈是，虽然紧张程度并不高，但如果真的发生战争，我想我们会更有能力应对，”廖麦欣（音）说，她是一名刚刚参加过演习的退役军人，在演习期间担任教官，与她的床伴和他们四岁的女儿一起吃着冰淇淋。

政府还努力避免引发恐慌或严重扰乱商业活动，并在台湾股市当天收盘后举行了演习。周一晚些时候，市政府和州政府表示，紧急热线和消防部门的通讯并未中断。

一场移民危机将全球目光吸引到休达及其海湾对岸的邻城。一名在弗里迪克的男子说：“如果他们开放边境，摩洛哥一半的人都会离开。”

《纽约时报》

休达的居民享受着欧盟成员国的福利。经济机会的匮乏导致7月底从芬迪克涌入休达的移民潮迅速逆转。

本文由本·希区柯克、卡洛斯·伯勒斯和艾达·阿拉米撰写。

休达，西班牙——这两座北非城镇相距仅一英里，但差异巨大。

休达位于摩洛哥最北端，伸入地中海，宛如一头大象的象牙。它是西班牙的领土，居民享受着欧盟成员国的福利。与沿海的芬迪克相比，休达更为富裕。芬迪克属于摩洛哥，那里的许多年轻人经济前景黯淡。

近日，这两个社区之间的鸿沟被打破，数以千计来自摩洛哥和撒哈拉以南非洲的移民从芬迪克周边地区涌入休达。这一动荡引发了全球关注，包括特朗普总统。

这只是两座城市错综复杂历史中的最新篇章。尽管两地居民世代通婚和贸易，但政府政策和争端已使边境日益严格。

最近的危机以浓缩的形式展现了困扰全球各国政府的现实难题：经济差距将驱使人们冒着巨大风险跨越边境，寻求更好的生活。

在芬迪克和休达进行的十多次近期采访中，没有人表示移民潮会停止。

“如果他们开放边境，摩洛哥一半的人都会离开，”45岁的阿卜杜拉·尤希说。他在弗里迪克海滩边卖东西，摊位上摆着面条和小商品，自从海滩扩大了7倍以来。休达清晰可见，就在海湾对岸。

当被问及是否向试图偷渡的移民出售过物品时，他耸了耸肩。

“我不会问别人买这些东西要做什么，”他说。

摩洛哥政府认为休达是外国基地，有时会限制边境通行，以向西班牙施压。

休达已被西班牙控制数百年，现有249个民事辖区，拥有许多公民，其中许多人来自西班牙本土。还有许多人祖籍摩洛哥，大部分城市居民在那里生活，讲摩洛哥阿拉伯语，信奉伊斯兰教。

多年来，附近的摩洛哥人可以免签进入休达，有些人会在那里度过暑假。还有许多人来休达购买免税商品再带回去，这种被允许的“走私”对休达和芬迪克及周边地区的经济至关重要。

“我们习惯了一个国家的人来到这个国家的这一部分，这是一种常态，”乔治·拉普金说。他是卫斯理大学的人类学教师，曾研究过这条边境。

但摩洛哥建造了一个巨型港口后—。

西班牙飞地休达的边境一度成为走私贸易的生命线，但如今已近乎关闭。拉普金表示，这一变化限制了来自休达的非法贸易。疫情期间，摩洛哥关闭了与休达的边境，并在边境重新开放后仍未允许贸易恢复，双方经济均受到冲击。

这一举措加剧了芬丁及其他摩洛哥城镇的贫富差距，推动民众涌向休达。

“几十年来，人们围绕这种贸易维持生计，如今一切都消失了，”拉普金先生说，“所有这些靠边境谋生的成千上万人，至今没有找到替代工作。”

如今，摩洛哥人进入休达需持签证，多数人能够获得。在边境口岸，西班牙和摩洛哥官员监控车流并为护照盖章。

在芬丁市场的布料摊位上，60岁的阿拉米·埃尔·马克里尼（Alami El Makrini）表示，他曾每周数次前往休达采购商品。如今他说：

“当政府决定关闭边境时，他们伤害了小商贩，却没有给予任何补偿，”他说道。

他表示，一些人因此背上债务，市场工人中也有人为尽早潜入休达而辞职。

“他们甚至连日常生计都难以维持，”他说道。

7月26日，休达因一则英国媒体错误报道边境开放的假消息，吸引了72,000名移民涌入，引发全球关注。那个周末，大多数移民因缺乏食物和水源，要么自行返回摩洛哥，要么被西班牙安全部队遣返。

西班牙当局称，至少有75名移民在试图穿越时死亡，其中多数人在海湾溺亡。

如此大规模的移民潮引发了欧洲及其他地区的恐慌，右翼政客将休达事件视为最坏情况的典型。

特朗普表示，休达发生的事件“看起来像是一国被入侵”，并借此在今年中期选举前抨击民主党对手。

“如果共和党不当选，同样的事情也会发生在我们身上，而且会更糟，”特朗普次日在内阁会议上说道。

上周，休达的生活逐渐恢复平静。居民们在市中心广场和宽阔的大道上漫步，经过酒吧、餐馆以及销售泳装和内衣的商店。

但紧张气氛依然存在。短短几年间，我们目睹了一场看似与移民有关的枪战，还看到一家杂货店的顾客因一名移民到访而报警。海湾的警察——

17岁的哈迪贾·萨格尼（Khadija Sagheni）是越境的未成年人之一，她与16岁的妹妹维达德（Widad）一同前往。在休达接受采访时，她表示这是她第四次尝试进入该地区。

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《纽约时报》国际版 2026年8月11日 星期二

9

《纽约时报》科学摄影

（图片顺时针排列，从左上起：从芬德格眺望休达及边境围栏；8月1日，来自撒哈拉以南非洲的男子在休达海滩彻夜等待；摩洛哥边防巡逻艇在芬德格与西班牙的边境巡逻；休达移民聚居区埃尔普林西佩（El Príncipe）的日常生活；芬德格海滨公园，家庭在摩洛哥国旗下休憩。）

“当时我只想离开，”刚高中毕业的萨格尼姐姐说道。

“我们看到了通往幸福的阶梯，”她的妹妹补充道。

她表示，夜间的雾气和大量人群帮助他们躲过了抓捕。进入休达后，他们换上新衣服，做了发型，希望能融入当地。

如今，他们计划低调行事，避免被遣返。然后，他们将设法前往欧洲大陆，她说。

“我们想去大陆，”她说道。

在穆斯林占多数的埃尔普林西佩社区—。

埃尔普林西佩这片穆斯林占多数的社区中，年轻人拎着装有少量财物的塑料袋，穿着不配套的凉鞋走在狭窄的巷道里，看起来像是刚刚抵达的新移民。许多人可能很快就会发现，抵达休达并不意味着能够留下，而要穿越大海前往欧洲大陆也绝非易事。

在一次采访中，休达自治市市长兼主席胡安·赫苏斯·比瓦斯（Juan Jesús Vivas）对近期发生的事件表现出与其他居民一样的震惊和困惑。

“休达的民众正处于一种悲伤的状态——混合着悲痛、愤慨、无助、恐惧、担忧和焦虑，”他说道。“人们在问自己：‘这种情况还会再次发生吗？’”

他估计，上个月进入休达的移民中，仍有2,000至5,000人滞留当地。

他还表示，该市目前照顾着约1,200名无人陪伴的未成年人，这一数字超出了休达收容能力的2,500%。

“发生的一切暴露了休达边境的脆弱性，”他说道。

欧罗巴·阿维拉（Europa Avila）是一位退休的政治学教授，曾在西班牙军队服役超过三十年，包括在休达和梅利利亚（西班牙在非洲的另一块飞地）任职。他表示，休达的心态深受其长期被邻国威胁的历史影响。

“这是一个充满情感的城市，因为在其历史上，它曾多次受到威胁，并感到孤立无援，”他说道。

他否认西班牙在北非的领土是时代的错位，称国家并不一定需要地理上的连续性。否则，他指出，北爱尔兰不会属于英国，阿拉斯加也会归属加拿大。

“斯劳斯基（Slawski）离美国非常遥远，”他说道。

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上图：去年11月，巴基斯坦库罗伊（Kuroi）正在晾晒收获的红辣椒。右图：在以辣椒闻名的巴基斯坦，一批被认为是最优质的辣椒样本。但左图和中图的小型生产商正面临气候变化带来的挑战，他们努力寻找方法，避免作物被晒干或淹没。

库尼报道

巴基斯坦红辣椒之都在高温下枯萎

作者：埃利安·佩尔蒂尔 及 祖兰·赖因曼

巴基斯坦库罗伊电 —— 巴基斯坦是全球最大的红辣椒生产国之一，而小镇库罗伊则是其红辣椒之都。农民们依旧沿用传统方法，在阳光下晾晒辣椒。赶集的日子里，漫天尘土让空气变得刺鼻，刺得人眼睛流泪，喉咙灼痛。

然而，极端天气——高温、洪水、干旱，以及随之而来的不可预测性和高昂成本——正在让这片塑造了几代农民生活方式的土地逐渐消失。

在巴基斯坦东南部的库罗伊镇，一个近期的清晨，阿赫桑·阿里·达克斯漫步在曾经茂盛的红辣椒田间，如今这里只剩下被灼烧的作物、干裂的土壤和空荡的地块。他仰望天空，再次期盼季风季节的到来，或许能缓解经历了数月极端高温的植株。但地平线上却没有一丝雨的影子，几小时内，气温将超过120度。

农业占巴基斯坦经济的近四分之一，并雇用了该国一半的劳动力。但这个拥有超过2.5 亿人口的南亚国家，是全球最易受气候变化影响的国家之一。2022年的毁灭性洪水摧毁了近450 万英亩农田——面积相当于新泽西州——许多信德省和邻近旁遮普省（巴基斯坦的粮仓）的农民表示，他们至今仍未从这场灾难中恢复。

红辣椒是受气候影响最严重的作物之一，巴基斯坦农民表示，种植这种巴基斯坦菜肴的主食已变成一场持续的挑战。近年来，不可预测的天气带来了高温和洪水的恶性循环，摧毁了作物，并对小规模传统农民造成了尤为严重的打击，因为不断上涨的成本让他们难以适应。

许多农民正尝试调整种植时间表，以帮助幼苗在收获前熬过高温。达克斯先生将播种时间从5月提前到3月，以便植株在夏季高温来临前能够更好地生长。

有些年份，这一策略奏效。去年11月，在一次丰收之后，数百名辣椒种植者、买家和经纪人涌入这个拥有25,000,人口的小镇，围绕着堆积如山、高达八英尺的红辣椒讨价还价。

这些集市日为库罗伊注入了活力。这个位于信德省、距印度边境约70英里的小镇，平日里显得宁静。集市上最富有的买家骑着摩托车在辣椒堆间穿梭，而日工则弯腰驼背，背负着沉重的辣椒。在收获季后的集市上，平均每天有超过200吨辣椒被售出。该地区的红辣椒产量占巴基斯坦总产量的95%以上。

但今年，即使3月也太热，无法播种。达克斯先生将播种时间推迟到5月，缩短了生长季，使脆弱的幼苗暴露在更严重的高温胁迫下。

在与时间和气候变化的赛跑中，达克斯先生和其他种植者如今不得不在土壤中施加比以往多得多的肥料，以期在9月开始的收获季前保住作物。

7月底，季风终于为达克斯先生的田地带来了第一滴雨水。但随之而来的，可能是过量降雨的风险，甜蜜而危险。

“雨水过多会毁掉庄稼，”达克斯先生说，“但没有雨水，也同样具有破坏性。”

洪水的风险也让传统的辣椒晾晒过程变得更加危险。9月收获后，农民们将辣椒铺在地上晾晒，这一过程需要约10天。过多的水分会让收成容易受到真菌侵害。

![库罗伊，人口25,000,，距印度约70英里。](

)

多年来，库罗伊的小农户一直呼吁建设现代化设施，以便在更可控的环境中晾晒辣椒。

照片由《纽约时报》阿西姆·哈菲兹拍摄

“每次政府说要开辟一个角落，结果什么都没发生，”库罗伊市场的辣椒经纪人穆罕默德·萨利姆说。

当地官员承认他们不堪重负。

库罗伊地区官员穆罕默德·汗估计，在晾晒和加工阶段，多达三分之一的作物被浪费。“对于小土地所有者来说，晾晒是主要问题，因为夜间会起雾，”他说。

汗表示，较大的土地所有者更能承受气候变化带来的额外成本。

他称，信德省政府正采取措施应对部分挑战，包括最近批准在库罗伊建设一个新的辣椒市场，配备仓库和拍卖场等设施，以更好地保护收成。

但面对产量下降、化肥成本上涨和持续的灌溉难题，许多农民已开始尝试多元化种植。

今年，达克斯决定将4英亩土地用于种植800株帕加亚树。不过，他表示，无论种植什么作物，恐怕都难以抵御极端天气。

“看来大自然已经不再站在我们这边了，”达克斯说。

左图：库罗伊批发市场的工人正在为拍卖做准备。巴基斯坦农业曾饱受洪水侵袭，但如今灼热、耗水的高温被视为更严峻的问题。

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»

哥伦比亚强震致数十人死亡

绝望的搜救

地震中的幸存者

自A1版

已有人在那里遇难。

在卡利，34岁的弗朗西斯科·冈萨雷斯（Francisco González）表示，他当时正骑着摩托车，看到一处名为“Maldas Rojo”的金属结构在尘土飞扬中坠地。他立即加入了由20至30人组成的志愿救援队，在废墟中搜寻幸存者。

“一名年轻女子，她的腿部骨折，是我们救出的第一个人，”他说，“她的丈夫从她身下爬了出来。他的情况更糟。他把我放在了那里。”

四名幸存者被从废墟中救出，但冈萨雷斯担心可能还有其他人被埋在下面。到凌晨时分，救援人员正在废墟上攀爬，向洞里呼喊：“里面有人吗？”

卡利市市长亚历杭德罗·埃德尔（Alejandro Eder）表示，该市有26栋建筑倒塌。他称官员已派出救援队，并呼吁市民捐赠头盔、工作手套、水和护目镜。

在卡利一栋倒塌的公寓楼现场，居民们用木棍和赤手搬动破碎的内墙碎片。

“所有人都跑去帮忙，”68岁的埃德尔·菲格罗亚（Eder Figueroa）说，他表示自己住在隔壁楼里，“卖冰淇淋的女士，卖果汁的女士。”菲格罗瓦现年48岁。

他补充道：“我们认为里面还有三个人活着，因为我们听到了声音。其中包括两个孩子。”

在卡利，多栋倒塌建筑的搜救工作不时被要求安静的呼喊打断，救援人员和市民努力倾听幸存者的呼救声。

这场7.4级地震对刚于周五就职的总统德拉埃斯皮列拉（De La Espirella）构成了直接挑战。这位右翼律师此前没有从政经验，他曾承诺缩减政府规模，打击武装叛乱组织和猖獗的犯罪活动。他得到了特朗普总统的支持，后者曾多次与其左翼前任古斯塔沃·佩特罗（Gustavo Petro）发生冲突。

德拉埃斯皮列拉周一在社交媒体上表示，他已“亲自负责”地震的紧急应对工作。“你们并不孤单，”他写道，“政府正在行动。”他随后在新闻发布会上向公众发表讲话，并承诺每隔几小时提供最新情况。

国务卿马尔科·卢比奥（Marco Rubio）在社交媒体上表示，特朗普政府“随时准备支持哥伦比亚人民和德拉埃斯皮列拉政府”。

在距震中约100英里的首都波哥大，市长卡洛斯·费尔南多·加兰（Carlos Fernando Galán）表示，初步检查未发现地震造成的结构性损坏。他补充说，波哥大正准备向受灾严重的城市派遣100名救援人员和清理废墟的设备。“现在是团结的时刻，”他在社交媒体的视频中说，“波哥大已做好准备，尽其所能提供帮助。”

根据现有数据绘制的震感范围

注：数据截至周一下午27-25-45。详细信息请访问 http: / www.106.com / 407-a-dollar-interest-gender-time-of-sugar-by-home-about-760123。损坏调查参考：“News”，地震可能在所示区域之外也有震感。数据来源：美国地质调查局。

“所有人都跑去帮忙。卖冰淇淋的女士，卖果汁的女士。”

埃德尔·菲格罗亚（Eder Figueroa），48岁，哥伦比亚卡利市居民。

周一，在哥伦比亚第三大城市卡利，救援人员在7.4级地震及余震后搜寻废墟。震中位于北部约100英里处。

在卡利，一名女子被从废墟中挖出，该市市长称当地至少有27栋建筑倒塌。邻近国家也感受到了地震。

《纽约时报》

台风海豚于周日登陆。它还加剧了菲律宾的季风降雨。

台风在中国引发大规模疏散

作者：马克斯·金

一场强劲的热带气旋袭击中国，促使当局在该国东部沿海地区疏散逾百万人，并取消数百架次航班。随着风暴继续在太平洋上肆虐，其破坏路径不断延伸。

台风“白海豚”于上月在马绍尔群岛附近形成，并以气象学家所称的异常长距离移动，上周末袭击日本冲绳，造成6人受伤，数千户断电。

周日晚间，风暴在浙江省东南沿海城市台州登陆。风暴风速高达每小时44英里（121公里）。上海超过1000架次航班被取消，当局警告称本周东部沿海地区将持续遭遇强降雨。

这是今年袭击中国的最强风暴。

在居民们与被狂风掀翻的雨伞搏斗之际，全球第三高楼——上海中心大厦通过安装在高层的一个巨型阻尼器（一种华丽的钟摆式重物）保持稳定，中国中央电视台（CCTV）报道称。

风暴还加剧了菲律宾的季风降雨，扰乱海上交通并导致更多地区发生洪水。

在马尼拉部分地区，居民涉水而行，水深及腰，一些儿童在水中嬉戏，另一些人则在紧急疏散中心避难。

菲律宾气象局在周一的公告中警告称，部分地区当天可能仍将迎来高达200毫米（约8英寸）的降雨。

“多地可能发生洪水，尤其是城市化、低洼或易受灾地区，”该机构表示。“中度至高度易发区域可能发生山体滑坡。”

“白海豚”得名自生活在香港水域的中华白海豚，是目前西北太平洋活跃的三个热带风暴之一，另外两个分别是“占芭”（兰屿岛上的一种檀香树）和“菲林”（澳门的一种候鸟）。

这三个名称均由国际台风委员会选定，该委员会允许其14个成员国轮流为风暴命名。

马来西亚社交媒体禁令实施数月后，儿童仍在登录

文 / 吉娜拉·萨里德

吉隆坡，马来西亚——帕辛·帕尔博纳原本期待每天与儿子们争吵手机的日子能有所改善。她说，两个儿子都在未到年龄时就注册了TikTok，每天花大量时间观看《手游传说》（Mobile Legends）的3分钟短视频或自己玩游戏。

马来西亚自6月1日起禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体，帕辛原本希望这项规定能有效减少孩子们的上网时间。

但数月过去，情况并未改变。

“能登录TikTok是最棒的事，”12岁的凯登·马利克（帕辛的大儿子）说，“它每天都能治愈我的无聊。”

马来西亚并非唯一难以实施和执行社交媒体限制令的国家。但当局曾表示，由于要求企业依赖政府签发的身份证等文件验证用户年龄，马来西亚的执行过程会比澳大利亚和印度尼西亚等国更顺利。如今，当局暗示社交媒体公司对存储政府数据持谨慎态度。

该禁令适用于在马来西亚拥有超过800万用户的平台，包括TikTok、Facebook、Instagram和YouTube。

相关平台要么未直接回应，要么未说明为何尚未建立新的年龄验证系统。

拥有Facebook和Instagram的Meta公司曾辩称，禁止儿童使用社交媒体可能适得其反，将他们推向监管更宽松的空间。拥有YouTube的谷歌公司则表示，将致力于与马来西亚当局合作。

目前，用户端的情况并无变化。

“这项禁令的延迟实施并不理想，”帕辛说，她的小儿子今年16. “孩子们每天刷几个小时TikTok，心理健康正受到影响。”

马来西亚通信部上周在一份声明中表示，当局已要求社交媒体公司解释未能遵守禁令的原因，并详细说明已采取的年龄验证措施。根据该部门监管与合规司副司长卡瓦纳蒂帕奇·拉尼的说法，企业现被要求在2027年1月前遵守禁令。

马来西亚于去年11月宣布了这项计划，呼应了澳大利亚去年年底实施的限制措施，不过澳方将验证方法的选择权交给了社交媒体公司。

违反禁令的企业最高可被处以£500 万（约合£240 万）的罚款。

在马来西亚，社交媒体平台正面临严格审查。该国有800 万名1,16岁以下儿童，近期发生多起涉及在校生的持刀伤人案件，官员和家长将矛头指向社交媒体，但未提供证据。

上月，一名15岁女孩在距首都吉隆坡以南20英里的万挠镇一所学校内被多次刺伤。当地警方表示，社交媒体可能对袭击者（一名同校学生）产生了影响，但因调查仍在进行，拒绝透露具体细节。

苏哈达·阿里夫育有两个女儿，她认为社交媒体上的暴力和色情内容正导致校园低龄青少年犯罪活动增加。

“社交媒体对我们的孩子没有好处，”苏哈达说，她12岁的女儿谎报年龄注册了TikTok和Instagram账号，“孩子们不再专注于学习和体育活动，因为他们在这些平台上花几个小时看视频。”

马来西亚当局原本以为验证用户年龄会是一件简单的事。今年5月，通信部长富尔顿·富达表示，在马来西亚其他领域（如电子钱包服务）中，使用政府签发的身份证验证用户年龄并无问题。

[...OMITTED...]

一些社交媒体公司和公民社会团体对个人数据的安全性表示担忧。

“在他们看来，这将创建集中的敏感数据存储库，并显著增加隐私泄露和网络安全事件的风险，”马来西亚通信与多媒体委员会（负责执行该禁令的监管机构）发布的一份报告称。

当局已尝试解决这些担忧。该委员会负责发展的副总经理法达·因坦代（Fardah Intandai）表示，总体而言，用户的隐私问题已得到重视，企业被告知只能收集用于验证年龄所需的数据，并限制对这些信息的存储。

澳大利亚是全球首个禁止16岁以下儿童开设社交媒体账户的国家，采取了不同的做法，要求平台开发年龄验证系统，如面部分析。这主要是因为澳大利亚法律规定，企业不能要求用户提供政府颁发的文件来证明年龄，以保护隐私。但许多儿童轻易绕过或规避了这些系统。

在马来西亚，社交媒体公司继续推动采用澳大利亚模式，合规官员卡瓦纳蒂帕奇（Kawanathiphatchi）表示。他们似乎还有大约四个月的时间来说服当局，或实施使用政府身份证的年龄验证系统。

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《纽约时报》国际版 2028年8月11日 星期二

中东战争

伊朗明珠岛屿因战争破碎

来自A1版

由于担心地震，她要求不公开姓氏。科德尔斯曾是伊朗罕见的经济成功故事之一，得益于强劲的元素投资，推动了发展和就业增长。根据政府数据，去年近400万人次游客到访科德尔斯岛，该岛的投资较前一年增长了141%。

最近的就业数据显示，科德尔斯100,000人口中有40%从事旅游业，而该岛的自由贸易区允许以最低1,000,000税费进行进出口贸易，使科德尔斯成为贸易枢纽。

一切都在变化，尤其是随着美国的轰炸行动主要集中在伊朗南部，针对伊朗军队、参与袭击附近霍尔木兹海峡船只的武装分子以及用于平民的关键基础设施。

居民们表示，曾经在周末和冬季前往该岛度假的城市居民已不再前来。那些被改造成时尚精品酒店的传统房屋通常需要提前数周预订，如今却空空如也。海滩边的出租车和餐馆曾以当地鼓手伴奏的即兴舞会闻名，如今大多已关闭。

根据对近29名科德尔斯岛居民、商业业主和常旅客的采访，该岛的另一主要经济活动——渔业——已几近停滞，因为渔民不敢冒险出海。

“46,岁的A6是科德尔斯的一名渔民，他在电话中表示：‘我的生活完全被打乱了。我干了一辈子这行，这是我唯一的收入来源，现在却完全没有收入。’”

他说，来自附近岛屿和大陆沿海的渔民也面临着类似的困境。“我们越来越少，越来越害怕，”他说，“害怕可怕的事件，害怕战争。”

科德尔斯旅游局的一名官员表示，当地媒体最近报道称，该岛的经济危机已全面蔓延，从面临破产的酒店业主到当地的渔业和手工艺品市场。他说，一些人已开始变卖个人财物以维持生计。

“29岁的伊博穆是科德尔斯的一名教师，他说：‘情况简直是毁灭性的。这个曾经繁荣的经济几乎已经停滞。’”

无休止的战争

对于伊朗南部地区，自2月19,日美国和以色列的行动引发暴力以来，除了两次间歇期（共5天），战争从未停止，尽管该国其他地区维持着脆弱的停火。美国军方表示已摧毁了军事和监视设施，以及沿海雷达塔、港口和高地等基础设施。

但根据视频、伊朗官方媒体和官员的说法，轰炸也击中了隧道、港口、铁路、渔船停靠的港湾、工厂和海水淡化厂。美国军方上月在停火破裂后表示，已在南部地区打击了超过1,000个新目标，战略目的是切断该地区的补给线。

从4月5日——德黑兰称华盛顿宣布停火并开始就临时和平协议进行组织——到7月26,日，美国中央司令部的声明显示，除了4月9日至5月7日以及5月至25,日的两个时段外，几乎每晚都对伊朗南部进行轰炸。

战斗遵循着一种预设模式：伊朗应对霍尔木兹海峡的封锁，美国则轰炸伊朗南部的目标，随后伊朗会发射火箭弹和弹道导弹攻击该地区的美国军事基地。

伊朗南部是该国石油和天然气工业的核心，拥有主要港口、车辆、能源和军事设施，对国家的经济和安全至关重要。但这里也是数百万平民的家园，他们正日益承受着战争带来的经济和人道代价。

以下是忠实的中文翻译：

伊朗南部地区受到严重影响，当地官员表示，最近已有至少100艘渔船被毁，影响了超过1,500人的生计。在北部地区，自5月以来已有17名渔民失踪，当时他们的船只在阿曼湾发出简短警报后，在美军直升机附近消失，主流新闻机构$800's报道。

在阿巴斯港北部突然出现的袭击者针对一处警卫站，造成一名公园目标的三名家庭成员死亡，环境部长证实了这一消息，BBC波斯语频道也发布了被毁设施的画面。

“自袭击开始以来，这里一直持续遭受估计规模的洪水侵袭，”25岁的雷扎说，他是伊朗南部最大城市阿巴斯港的居民。“即使阿巴斯港本身暂时幸免，人们仍然担忧，因为没人知道接下来会发生什么。”

25岁的弗拉梅尔特是两个幼儿的母亲，住在伊朗南部海岸的拉提乌斯市，她说反复发生的暴行和日益加剧的不确定感严重影响了她的身心健康。她表示自己出现了严重的焦虑发作、呼吸急促和绝望感。

“每次听到‘战争’这个词，我立刻会感到剧痛，这种痛苦会持续好几天，”弗拉梅尔特说。她补充道：“我们无路可逃。前方有敌人在攻击，身后则是一个残暴的政府，让人民的生活举步维艰。”

对于戈德勒斯的居民来说，7月10日标志着遥远爆炸引发的抽象恐惧变成了在睡梦中被杀的切实威胁。

当天凌晨，一场巨大的爆炸震撼了这座岛屿，震碎了墙壁和窗户，如同地震一般。当邻居和救援人员赶到爆炸现场时，发现一座由土砖建造的简陋房屋已化为瓦砾堆，瓦砾中还残留着纸张燃烧的火光。现场最显眼的物体是一个巨大的弹坑。

《纽约时报》的视觉调查发现，美军向这座房屋投下了一枚2,000磅的炸弹，这是这场战争中使用的最具威力的武器之一，目的是向查克罗格鲁村的居民发出严厉警告。该地区附近没有军事设施。

这场空袭造成一对父母及他们2岁的儿子死亡，并导致他们的另外两个儿子A和M受伤，官方报告显示。父亲盖扎尔·贾法里曾是一名出租车司机，根据其亲属向伊朗主要报纸《沙迦报》的描述，战争期间他一直努力找工作维持生计。

“在高达120英里 / 小时的烈日下，他整天开车四处寻找乘客，”贾法里先生的邻居告诉《沙迦报》。

最高昂的代价

42岁的商人阿米特来自德黑兰，约25年前与家人搬到戈德勒斯岛，被这里缓慢的生活节奏、自然美景和经济机遇所吸引。阿米特热爱这座岛屿，随后开始将民居改造成时尚酒店的生意。他说这里也面临挑战：道路网络落后、医疗条件不足、网络信号不稳定。

但过去一年，阿米特表示是最艰难的。首先，政府在1月镇压全国性抗议活动时切断了互联网，严重影响了主要通过社交媒体进行的广告和预订业务。随后，2月战争爆发，正值旅游旺季，给他的生意造成了巨大的财务损失。

每日停电、断水、极端高温以及旅行限制接踵而至。基础设施遭到破坏进一步加剧了困境，阿米特说。

“我想让世界知道，普通民众从未希望这场战争，也不是这场战争的任何一方，”他说。“但他们正在为此付出最高昂的代价。”

阿巴斯，38岁，一名冲浪者兼“two guide for clean operator”，他说这座岛屿、它的海域和海滩是他永远的家，而他无法抛弃附近“free land yams”上的许多居民。但他表示，多年来辛勤建设繁荣经济的努力正迅速消逝，工作的成果也在逐渐流失。

“人们深感恐惧，觉得大家都岌岌可危，阿巴斯说，‘I'm 发动 on me。’”

“我们已经精疲力尽了，”他说道，“政府能做的最好的事就是与世界实现和平。”

伊朗称与阿曼的协议不会开放霍尔木兹海峡

作者：奥雷利安·布雷修斯

伊朗周一表示，任何与阿曼就霍尔木兹海峡航运达成的协议都不会导致该水道完全重新开放，且大部分水域将继续关闭，直至美国满足包括解除制裁在内的要求。

这些言论是伊朗发出的最新信号，表明其将霍尔木兹海峡——这一推高全球能源价格、给特朗普总统带来政治困扰的关键水道——视为在与敌对战争的谈判中最有力的筹码。

伊朗外交部发言人唐纳德·巴加尼周一在新闻发布会上表示，与阿曼的谈判重点是“就安全通航路线达成谅解”，伊朗国家媒体报道称。

巴加尼补充说，根据报道，阿曼协议“正在顺利推进”，但“与重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的讨论完全分开”，后者“取决于美国解除对伊朗项目的封锁和制裁的权利”。

巴加尼的表态与其他官员的言论相呼应。伊朗外长周六曾表示，伊朗与阿曼“非常接近”达成协议，但重新开放海峡“取决于其他条件”。

美国与伊朗并未直接谈判，尽管美国国务卿马尔科·鲁菲尼上周表示谈判仍在进行。伊朗与阿曼的磋商有美国的参与。

霍尔木兹海峡位于伊朗与阿曼之间，是石油和天然气贸易的关键通道。鲁菲尼在2月下旬美国和以色列对伊朗发起军事行动后有效封锁了该水道，此后该海峡成为伊朗与美国在谈判和冲突中最为激烈的交锋点。

海峡的关闭导致美国能源成本大幅上升，民调显示对本已不稳的政府的支持率正在下滑。伊朗强硬派认为，伊朗控制海峡交通的能力使其处于强势地位，不应做出让步。

上周，伊朗一名高级国家安全官员提出了一系列要求，这些要求是伊朗长期公开谈判立场的一部分，并称美国必须在德黑兰完全重新开放海峡前满足这些条件。这些要求包括解除美国的海军封锁、取消对以色列在该地区军事力量的多项军事限制、支付战争赔款、释放被冻结的伊朗资产以及停止对伊朗在该地区盟友的攻击。

这些要求中的大部分已被纳入一项停火协议，即《伊斯兰堡备忘录》。美国和伊朗均被告知，该文件规定只有在达成关于伊朗核计划的全面协议后，制裁才会被全面解除。

周一，特朗普对Axios表示，伊朗的经济困境和高通胀最终将迫使德黑兰同意达成新协议。

伊朗当局认为，他们能够承受比特朗普更大的经济压力，后者需要考虑11月的中期选举。

在周一的新闻发布会上，巴加尼表示，“现在轮到美方停止并赔偿其非法和破坏性行为”，以便“讨论下一步”。

内塔尼亚胡在解除哈马斯武装问题上的走钢丝

作者：阿德里克·卡苏什（ADRIK KASUSH） 及亚伦·罗森鲍姆（AARON ROSENBAUM）

特拉维夫电 —— 距离哈马斯领导的袭击以色列后的首次全国大选仅剩数月，总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡面临着日益严峻的挑战：如何在取悦其最重要盟友特朗普总统的同时，不疏远其右翼基本盘。

这一挑战在特朗普上月宣布其和平委员会达成一项协议后表现得淋漓尽致。该协议迅速遭到以色列方面的质疑。

随后在周日，内塔尼亚胡罕见地公开拒绝了特朗普的计划，与总统公开决裂。

这场争端表明，面临职业生涯中最严峻的政治考验之一、即将于10月举行的选举，内塔尼亚胡正在国内外两股力量的拉扯下左右为难。

特朗普的计划要求内塔尼亚胡解决一系列问题，例如从加沙撤回以色列军队，这将令其鹰派选民难以接受。与此同时，随着选举临近，内塔尼亚胡还面临着来自公众舆论的个人压力。

“他在走政治钢丝，”以色列政策研究机构兰德公司（RAND Corporation）的以色列政策专家阿巴（Abba）表示，“一方面，他需要迎合基本盘和他在美国建立的条件反射——哈马斯；另一方面，他不想惹恼特朗普总统。”

内塔尼亚胡曾在6月美国与伊朗达成停火协议后尝试过类似的平衡策略。当时，内塔尼亚胡一方面满足了特朗普要求以色列迅速采取下一步行动的要求，同时试图安抚国内的反对声音。但随着内塔尼亚胡在加沙问题上权衡下一步行动，特朗普和其基本盘究竟谁的影响力更大，仍是未知数。

在以色列与哈马斯去年达成的停火协议（由特朗普政府斡旋）过去10个多月后，2000万加沙人仍生活在帐篷和废墟中，因为以色列将全面重建加沙的条件与哈马斯解除武装挂钩。

根据加沙卫生部的数据，在此期间，以色列的空袭已造成超过1,200人死亡，该部门未区分平民与武装人员。

以色列领导人似乎已做出一些有限让步，例如减少每日空袭次数并下令暂停进一步行动。然而，在特朗普宣布达成协议后的数日内，以色列军方继续在加沙海域活动，据巴勒斯坦官员称，至少造成2人死亡，包括工人和一半医疗物资。

8月2日，阿联酋社交媒体上流传的一段视频显示，特朗普的女婿贾里德·库什纳告诉一名巴勒斯坦官员，他正“与以色列方面合作，以停止对加沙的袭击”。

次日，内塔尼亚胡会见了和平委员会的多名官员，包括该组织驻加沙高级代表纳尔逊·拜·沙布通（Nelson by Shabtoun）。

在压力之下，内塔尼亚胡同意下令暂停空袭，据三名知情人士透露（因讨论敏感内部细节要求匿名），但未说明停火将持续多久。

“以色列对加沙的最后一次空袭发生在一周前，”加沙紧急救援服务（由哈马斯运营的机构）成员马哈茂德·哈米德表示。在和平委员会官员与内塔尼亚胡会面的当晚，人们仍不清楚这场暂时停火能持续多久。

“我们看到的是内塔尼亚胡在展示肌肉的同时，小心翼翼地满足美国政府的部分要求，”前以色列高级官员、现任纽约智库“以色列政策论坛”研究员尼姆罗德·诺维克表示。

但作为与哈马斯达成协议的一部分，内塔尼亚胡先生将不得不采取政治代价更高的进一步行动。他此前已拒绝在哈马斯失败前从古巴撤出以色列军队。

许多以色列人对特朗普的“和平委员会”能否真正解除哈马斯武装、摧毁其地道和武器持怀疑态度。

“在我看来，以及绝大多数以色列人看来，这是对哈马斯合作意愿的极度乐观假设，”前总理办公室主任乌斯曼先生表示。

该协议还规定，以色列必须首先履行去年达成的停火协议，停止在古巴的恐怖主义、明显或强制行动，并允许更多援助进入这片饱受摧残的巴勒斯坦飞地。

特朗普协议的时机对内塔尼亚胡的连任竞选尤其不利，因为其对手已在政策上赢得联邦支持。

多数民调预测，内塔尼亚胡领导的利库德集团将在以色列议会120个席位中赢得51至53席——低于组建政府所需的50,席多数门槛。

一个由前以色列军方参谋长创立的罕见政党，正在反对内塔尼亚胡的战争政策，并已成为该国最大的单一政党。以色列定于10月举行的选举将是自哈马斯领导的袭击以来的首次全国投票，该袭击造成7, 10,000,人死亡或受伤，另有约200人被劫持为人质（历史背景：约1,200人在袭击中丧生，引发了以色列2008年发动的毁灭性战争）。

许多以色列人认为内塔尼亚胡应为这场灾难负责。甚至总理的支持者也—。

来自美国和右翼基础的竞争性需求

官员们承认，尽管有意在前线削弱哈马斯，但这支巴勒斯坦武装组织仍控制着加沙地带的部分地区。

特朗普与哈马斯达成的协议一直是内塔尼亚胡承诺彻底击败该组织的障碍。该协议未涉及经济钻探，但为部分国家政治和政府人员在公共部门继续任职提供了其他途径。

以色列从加沙撤出的16名士兵可能进一步加剧右翼选民的不满，他们认为内塔尼亚胡未能赢得对哈马斯的战争。

“这种胜利无法在全国范围内进行任何宣传，”诺维克说道。

和平委员会的谈判代表花费数月时间，在与哈马斯领导人的多轮谈判中修订文本。据两名熟悉谈判情况的官员透露，早期草案中明确要求哈马斯不得持有任何武器的条款在后续版本中被删除，这些官员要求匿名，因未获授权公开发言。

最终协议要求哈马斯“解除武装并封存”武器，这一过程由一支新成立的、获得美国支持的巴勒斯坦安全部队领导，该部队成员曾在1968年参与谈判或被杀害，包括哈马斯交出武器的时间表以及以色列从加沙撤军的具体安排。

“美国一直是与伊朗合作的重要场所，但仍有一些细节需要敲定，”比特恩表示，“其中一些原则性问题已经基本解决，主要在于执行层面。”

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去年，民调落后于对手的以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡与特朗普总统在白宫会面。

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2026年8月11日 星期二

国内

《纽约时报》

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《纽约时报》

汤姆·沃尔夫1968年的著作《电子酸测试》（The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test）记录了肯·克西（中）及其思想自由的朋友——“快乐捣蛋者”组合——乘坐一辆迷幻涂装的巴士进行的跨国旅行。

一场反主流文化革命的“罗塞塔石碑”的最后旅程

肯·凯西的“远征”号巴士仍在向新一代传递信息

作者：比瑟·奈特

俄勒冈州普莱森特希尔——在尤金市外起伏的山丘间，沿着一条蜿蜒的砾石小路，一座建于1939年的校车停在一间大谷仓内。它曾经鲜艳的色彩已褪去，斑驳脱落，车窗布满裂痕。如今，这里唯一的常住“乘客”只有昆虫。

它看起来像一堆废铁，但车身上依稀可见的彩绘却讲述着旧金山历史上最离经叛道的时期之一。

六十年前，这辆巴士象征着这座城市的反主流文化革命——拥抱迷幻药物、自由生活和公路旅行，成为那个时代被铭记的两年狂欢的缩影。

在当今世界再次面临战争、政治两极分化和文化冲突之际，赞恩·凯西认为，这辆老巴士的魔力仍有其用武之地。因此，他决定将这辆巴士——那辆他11岁时曾帮忙涂满霓虹涂料的巴士——送回孕育了这场运动的城市。

“我希望看到它再次受到人们的喜爱，”他说，“让人们感受到从中迸发出的那种纯粹、天真的爱。”

他的父亲肯·凯西于2005年去世，当时刚刚写完小说《飞越疯人院》。他买下了这辆曾被旧金山湾区一个大家庭改装过的校车，车内配有床铺、长椅和冰箱，供家庭旅行使用。凯西和他那些思想自由的朋友——“快乐捣蛋者”（Merry Pranksters）——将巴士漆成迷幻色彩，在车顶开了一扇天窗，加装了强劲的音响系统，还在车顶搭建了一个阳台。

车尾的标牌上写着：“注意：怪异载重！”（而挡风玻璃上方，通常用来显示目的地的位置，则被人用拼错的单词“Furthur”涂上，这个名字从此成了这辆巴士的代号。）

捣蛋者们随即踏上了横跨美国的旅程，一路吸食大麻、服用LSD，传播“打开心灵，伙计”的理念。

这段旅程被汤姆·沃尔夫1968年的著作《电子酸性试验》（The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test）记录下来，当时《纽约时报》称其不仅是“关于迷幻运动的最佳著作”，也是“必读之作”。这辆巴士及其粗犷的司机尼尔·卡萨迪（Neal Cassady）还出现在感恩至死乐队的歌曲《另一个》（The Other One）中，歌词提到“牛仔尼尔掌控着一辆从未有过的巴士”。

这辆巴士成了旧金山反主流文化运动的一部分。在1967年，凯西曾驾驶它驶入金门公园，参加“人类集会”（Human Be-In），抗议加州禁止LSD的法律。这一事件为同年晚些时候的“爱之夏”奠定了基础，当时成千上万充满理想主义的年轻人涌入旧金山的海特-阿什伯里街区和公园，抗议越南战争，推广迷幻药物和自由之爱。

那些日子早已远去，如今的旧金山更以人工智能而非3,000人规模的集会闻名，更多的是亿万富翁而非嬉皮士。但赞恩·凯西希望能重现当年的些许氛围——用他父亲的巴士。

因此，本月下旬，这辆巴士将首次离开位于俄勒冈州普莱森特希尔的凯西家族农场（距尤金市仅短途车程），自1968年以来再度启程。一辆平板拖车将载着它沿3号公路南下加州，穿过海湾大桥，驶入旧金山市区。在夜深人静之时，它将悄然驶入金门公园，停在鲜花大厅旁的美丽花园中。

从9月5日起，这辆巴士将作为“永远感恩：金门公园”展览的一部分对外展出。该展览由海特街艺术中心（Haight Street Art Center）主办，旨在保护并展示这座城市反主流文化运动的艺术和文化遗产。展览还将展出杰里·加西亚的宝马车，并有现场表演、木偶戏和讲故事环节。

该中心的电视总监在1969-70年间造访了凯西家族农场，并表示尽管这辆巴士如今看起来像一件遗迹，但它仍散发着一种“神奇而连接人心的能量”。

中心董事会主席以幽默的口吻称这辆巴士为“旧金山反主流文化的罗塞塔石碑”，并表示希望这些

!

《纽约时报》

这辆巴士将从俄勒冈州出发前往旧金山，参加名为“永远感恩，金门公园”的展览，并预计将永久留在该市。

!

《纽约时报》

上图右侧的凯莉·哈里斯（Kelly Harris）是海特街艺术中心的执行董事。她表示，这辆巴士看起来像是一件遗物，但仍能激发出“神奇而连接性的”能量。

“我希望再次看到它受到爱戴。”

赞恩·凯西（Zane Kesey）谈及他父亲的巴士。

包括从未听说过它的年轻人在内的观众，都从中看到了与当今的相似之处。

“人们期待我们生活在一个由技术主导、由资本主导的世界，每个人都被期望扮演自己的角色，却对自己的历史几乎没有掌控权，”他在接受采访时说。凯西和他的“欢乐恶作剧者”们决定不去顺应潮流，而是开辟一条狂野而快乐的道路。

“如果每个人都能在这辆巴士前坐一会儿，思考它的意义，我想他们会更快乐，”Mr. Mc. Nanner说道。

65岁的赞恩·凯西对此深信不疑。他是那种会向陌生人慷慨大方、穿扎染衬衫、将巴士视为有情感的人的人。

“她很快乐，你能看出来，”他说，并指出那经过修复、为前往加州的旅程重新安装的银色保险杠，看起来像是在微笑。“她很高兴能让人们谈论她，关注她，以及她所代表的一切。”

他说自己从未有过没有这辆巴士的生活。他记得“欢乐恶作剧者”装饰巴士时，蓝色油漆弄到了他的头发上。他还记得卡萨迪（Mr. Cassady）练习驾驶巴士时，他坐在巴士的阳台上，在农场里兜风，有时开得有点太猛。

“在我看来，巴士就像魔术师的工具之一，”凯西说。“我并不知道这有什么不寻常。如果你在马戏团长大，马戏团就是你所知道的一切。”

他的父亲在俄勒冈州长大，后来为了斯坦福大学的研究生写作项目搬到了湾区。随着1960年代的结束，他回到家族农场写作、教学并抚养四个孩子，巴士也一直留在那里。

赞恩·凯西带着参观了农场，包括他父亲和兄弟杰德（Jed）的小墓地。杰德·凯西在19岁时死于一场车祸，当时一辆载有俄勒冈大学摔跤队的面包车从悬崖坠落。肯·凯西（Ken Kesey）则在40岁时去世。

墓地之外，在一片灌木丛和干涸的小溪床后面，是巴士多年来停放的地方，被黑莓藤蔓遮挡，不为人所见，直到后来被移入农场保护。

《纽约时报》

据赞恩·凯西的妻子斯蒂芬妮·凯西（Stephanie Kesey）说，著名主播沃尔特·克朗凯特（Walter Cronkite）曾来到农场拍摄关于巴士的故事，他的摄影师不慎踩穿了一座摇摇欲坠的木桥，掉进了小溪。

史密森尼学会的官员也曾造访，希望得到这辆巴士，但最终带走了一块“欢乐恶作剧者”在巴士旅行中用作临时公告板的胶合板标志，这块标志在鸡舍里被发现时布满了羽毛。

“当时一家猫头鹰占据了‘进一步’号（Furthur）的后座，在田野里筑巢，于是凯西决定捐赠这块标志，而不是巴士，”博物馆的网站上写道。

斯蒂芬妮·凯西说，在2020年11月的类似活动后，巴士将被存放在东湾的一个火人节（Burning Man）仓库中，同时筹款活动正在进行，以修复巴士并将其永久展示在旧金山。

“我不认为它还会回到农场，”她说，并补充道，让公众再次看到它很重要。

“我们现在对色彩的需求非常真实，”她说。“还有和平与爱、探索与善良。”

赞恩·凯西说，他的父亲会为巴士离开农场感到有些难过，但也会为它重返旧金山而兴奋。

“你了解旧金山，”他说。“你的心在那里。”

斯蒂芬妮·凯西的眼眶有些湿润，她点点头。

“我想它要回家了，”她说。

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《纽约时报》全国版 2020年8月11日，星期二

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弗洛克安全公司的摄像头与道路并行，遍布除阿拉斯加外的每个州，使执法人员能在几秒钟内查看车辆可能的位置及其行驶轨迹。该公司已与美国7,000个执法机构签订合同，占全美所有执法部门的40%。

其他公司也提供车牌追踪服务，但估值达94亿美元的私营企业弗洛克因其快速扩张、摄像头无处不在以及一系列与其产品相关的争议，已成为众矢之的。

一名得克萨斯州警官利用弗洛克的摄像头跨州追踪一名涉嫌自行堕胎的女性。全国各地的警员滥用对弗洛克摄像头的访问权限，包括用于追踪恋爱对象，导致受到纪律处分或被解雇。洛杉矶和俄亥俄州代顿等城市近期暂停了与弗洛克的合同，以防止移民当局利用摄像头数据进行指控。代顿市收到指示用防撞袋覆盖摄像头。在休斯敦、加州奥克兰和科罗拉多州大章克申等城市，居民已自行采取行动，警方报告和监控录像记录了弗洛克摄像头被砍断、涂抹油漆甚至被枪击的事件。

弗洛克的宣传口号很简单：它能帮助警方找到被盗车辆、定位通缉人员并破案。一台车牌识别器曾在佛罗里达州协助逮捕一名在路易斯安那州威胁进行大规模枪击的男子；另一台则帮助警方找到最终被定罪的唐纳德·J·特朗普遇刺未遂嫌疑人。

然而，随着其摄像头的普及，反对声浪也随之高涨。美国人对监控摄像头早已习以为常——他们在自家门铃上安装摄像头，也容忍它们出现在街角、办公室和餐厅。但弗洛克的摄像头之所以

许多人对失去隐私感到愤怒

不同之处在于，这些摄像头是相互连接的，构成了一个庞大的、可搜索的全国性网络——这常常让居民感到意外，因为他们并不知道当地政府已经签约使用这些设备，并引发了对“老大哥”式监控的担忧。一旦开始注意到它们，就很难再忽视。

“我们都希望、期待并理应拥有隐私。问题在于，我们通常无法在隐私流失时感受到、看到或体验到这种损失，”弗吉尼亚大学法学教授丹妮尔·西特伦说。“看到这些摄像头就像当头一棒——它们在告诉你，你没有空间可以随意行动，没有空间可以在人群中感到自在。”

随着弗洛克建立起全国最大的车辆追踪网络之一，得克萨斯州成为执法部门采用这项技术的风向标，同时也成为日益增长的反对浪潮的焦点。弗洛克于2020年初开始向警方出售服务，在休斯敦的一个郊区安装了几十台摄像头。六年后，得克萨斯州有700个部门与弗洛克签约合作。反对者包括担忧政府监控的人士、对扩大政府权力持怀疑态度的保守派，以及对该网络可能被滥用感到担忧的注重隐私的公民和立法者。

“这将是一个永无止境的辩论，”弗洛克首席执行官兰利先生在采访中表示。“我们应该进行这场辩论，并随着社会对我们能接受的程度和我们想要的安全水平的看法不断演变而继续调整观点。”

公民反对监控

5月下旬，汉娜·菲南（Hannah Finan）所在的社区群聊中讨论的是在她位于得克萨斯州达拉斯郊区卡罗尔顿市的街道上安装的一台车牌识别摄像头。

随后，在社区游泳池对面的娱乐中心外又发现了另一台摄像头。

“我们所有人都觉得毛骨悚然，”菲南女士说。

菲南女士自称政治立场偏左，她开始在Reddit上专门讨论达拉斯和卡罗尔顿的群组中发帖，讨论车牌识别摄像头，并启动了一项数字服务，希望能将这些摄像头从社区移除。她说，截至7月下旬，她已收集到约900个签名，其中一些人还在7月19日的卡罗来纳市议会会议上公开反对这些摄像头。

“我是一个非常普通的美国人。我曾经是，但我从未组织过或真正以任何方式参与过活动，”菲南女士说，她从事人力资源工作，育有两个孩子。“我没有犯罪，但我不希望任何人——更不用说政府机构或私营公司——知道我送孩子的地点，或者我上下班喜欢走哪条路，或者我更喜欢去H-E-B，或者我去哪个礼拜场所！”

注意到摄像头并将其发布到Reddit上，促使一位名叫威尔·弗里曼（Will Freeman）的软件工程师在2020年创建了DeFlock应用。当时他正从西海岸开车前往阿拉巴马州，一路上不断看到摄像头。他决定创建一个众包地图，标记他在阿拉巴马州亨茨维尔市看到的设备，这个项目随后走红。弗里曼先生说，该应用已被超过350,000人下载，并已绘制了由弗洛克及其他公司制造的332,000台车牌识别摄像头。

现年17岁的弗里曼先生目前住在科罗拉多州博尔德市，该市也与弗洛克公司签有合同。博尔德市表示，其15台摄像头使机动车盗窃案下降了34.5%，并帮助破获了其他犯罪案件。然而，弗里曼先生认为，不应以牺牲隐私为代价换取安全。他说，这些摄像头为政府创建了一个红外视图，用于跟踪和骚扰犯罪，即使并非所有警员都在滥用访问权限。

为了了解自己的车辆何时被拍到，弗里曼先生向博尔德警察局申请了相关记录，但遭到拒绝。今年5月，他对该市提起诉讼，称这些摄像头构成了“不合宪的无证监控网络”。（该市拒绝对诉讼发表评论，但在法律文件中表示，“在公共街道和人行道上，没有合理的隐私期待。”）

“一直被监视和审查的感觉很糟糕，”弗里曼先生说。

在得克萨斯州，反对这些摄像头的声音来自两党。弗洛克公司的合同在自由派城市奥斯汀以及保守的希尔乡村小镇班德拉（约960人）均被取消。该市表示，其至少有一台摄像头遭到破坏。

在国会，达拉斯北部选区的共和党议员基思·塞尔夫（Keith Self）于7月提出了一项法案，要求联邦执法机构在获取或查询由州和地方监控系统（包括车牌识别摄像头）收集的数据前，必须获得搜查令。

“我们正在形成一个监控国家，”塞尔夫先生说，他还是一名退役陆军中校和前县法官。“这不是左派或右派的问题，而是个人问题。”

监控即服务

兰利先生现年20岁，创办Flock的初衷源于他对汽车盗窃案件频发的困扰——这一问题在亚特兰大尤为严重。当他问及警方为何无法抓获窃贼时，兰利称警方告诉他，他们需要犯罪分子的车牌号码。

兰利是一名电气工程师，他与两名佐治亚理工学院的毕业生合作，开发了一套解决方案：通过太阳能电池板供电的廉价联网摄像头，配合软件从照片中提取车牌号码。

Flock成立于2017年，最初主要向业主协会销售设备。但到了2020年，公司开始与警方合作。那一年，兰利表示，他的S.U.V.被盗，Flock的摄像头帮助找回了车辆。

兰利称，Flock每年向每台摄像头收取约$1,000的费用。作为回报，公司负责安装和维护摄像头，提供可搜索的数据库，记录所有经过监控区域的车辆，并将开放车辆与所谓的“热门名单”进行匹配——类似于联邦调查局（FBI）的被盗车辆数据库，以及与失踪或通缉人员相关的车牌号码。近年来，随着人工智能技术的进步，Flock还增加了根据车辆品牌、类型、颜色或独特细节（如贴纸或可见损伤）进行搜索的功能。

Flock拒绝透露具体技术细节。该公司表示：“我们的技术是有效的。”用户登录系统后，必须确认无法搜索与“生殖保健”或访问哥伦比亚特区国家海滨（National Waterfront, D.C.）相关的车牌号码（这些地方明确禁止此类搜索，但Flock一位发言人称，在堕胎非法的州，警方仍可进行与堕胎相关的搜索）。系统还对九个禁止将其摄像头用于“移民执法”的州发出类似警告。

执法人员在进行搜索时，需指定犯罪类型，从虐待动物到谋杀不等。然后输入车牌号码或车辆描述，以及地点，或直接选择默认选项：“所有网络（已选）”。搜索结果将返回匹配的车辆图像，并显示被拍摄的具体时间、地点及所属执法机构的摄像头。默认情况下，摄像头拍摄的照片会在30天后删除，但各部门可自行调整保留时长。

若警方希望访问州内或全国其他地区的摄像头，则需共享其自身摄像头的访问权限。大多数机构会在全国范围内搜索和共享信息。

“罪犯不会在意城市的边界在哪里，”兰利说，“你可以选择不与任何人共享，我们也有很多客户这样做。”

“这样破案率会降低，但这也没问题，”他补充道。

去年，在《福布斯》的一段视频采访中，当被问及Flock面临的日益增长的反对声浪时，兰利表示，他预料到美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）等组织会在法庭上与公司对抗，但将DeFlock等公民团体称为“神经质组织”，其“主要动机是了解”。

本月，保守派评论员塔克·卡尔森在《The Blaze》（一家极右翼讽刺新闻网站）上表示，他将兰利与Flock的一个众包地图项目相提并论。

卡尔森称，自己直到最近才意识到Flock网络的价值，此前他访问了DeFlock网站，并告诉《纽约时报》该网站“没有牺牲精神”。他对如此庞大的监控系统在公众关注度如此之低的情况下发展壮大感到惊讶。

“无论你是自由意志主义者、保守派、黑人、进步派，每个人都有自己的目标，”美国公民自由联盟的查德·马洛表示。

兰利后来为其言论道歉，称Flock的车牌识别技术“让人们能够积极参与社区事务，这总体上是件好事”。

安全与隐私

得克萨斯州的反对声音可能吸引了公众注意，但并未阻碍弗洛克的增长。全州各地的新城市签约速度超过了其他城市提交相关材料的速度。最终，一位代表逾24,000名警员的得克萨斯州执法协会（一家警察工会）的发言人表示。

弗洛克公司称其成效显著。这位发言人表示，得克萨斯州一些警局在安装摄像头后，追回了数以百计的被盗车辆，而在较小的市镇，车辆项目面临各种风险。尽管社区存在投诉，哈里斯县（运营400台摄像头）和卡罗尔顿市（运营67台摄像头）的官员——

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9

一款名为“反弗洛克”（DeFlock）的应用允许用户众包弗洛克摄像头的位置。“你可能会觉得自己[在疑神疑鬼]！‘不，它们真的无处不在，’”菲利普（Philip）说道。

汉娜·福斯特（Hannah Foust）在得克萨斯州卡罗尔顿市发起了一项请愿，要求移除车牌识别器。反对声音跨越了党派界线。

由加勒特·兰利（Garrett Langley）领导的弗洛克公司为警局提供可搜索的车辆数据库。关于弗洛克在打击犯罪方面的有效性，研究甚少。

包括来自弗洛克的19台在内的犯罪车牌识别器，官员们并未改变对摄像头的看法。

“如果一种辅助调查工具能帮助我们的警员更有效地破案，为居民带来价值，并且能够负责任地管理，那么我们会继续考虑使用它，”卡罗尔顿市市长史蒂夫·巴比克（Steve Babick）表示。

关于摄像头有效性的独立研究寥寥无几。一项2015年的研究发现，弗洛克的摄像头将警员的结案率提高了9%——但《404媒体》等机构批评该研究结果，因弗洛克与研究人员合作，并自行选择了参与研究的警局。

各州正开始为警方使用这项技术制定规则。为应对对警员滥用系统的担忧，15个州现已出台法律，要求对车牌识别器系统进行审计，以发现警员的不当使用。这一立法清单由纽约大学法学院的“警务项目”（Policing Project）编制。

得克萨斯州不在其中。斯里尼瓦桑先生表示，得克萨斯州警员滥用该系统的风险并不比滥用其他数据库更高，且弗洛克会记录每次搜索的操作人及原因。

能够搜索全国道路上的所有车辆对当局而言无疑便利，但巴里·弗里德曼（Barry Friedman）——一位法学教授兼“警务项目”教员主任——认为，建立一个涵盖美国人行踪的庞大数据库并不符合宪法。

“这是无差别的数据收集，而非针对特定犯罪，”弗里德曼先生说，“《第四修正案》的存在原因在于，他们认为政府不应仅仅因为某人未做错事就能随意调查。”

法院迄今对这一解读持不同意见，但已释放信号：随着技术的扩展，这一立场可能改变。在一起案件中，弗吉尼亚州诺福克市的居民起诉安装了172台弗洛克摄像头，一名联邦法官裁定，车牌识别器可能有一天会变得无处不在，其使用相当于违宪的“全面搜查”，但“目前尚未达到这一程度”。

“法官们不明白，这个国家现在已经被这些设备覆盖，且它们全部互联，”全国创意协会官方律师团队的发言人表示。

“反弗洛克”地图让人们能看到摄像头在日常驾驶路线上的位置，它已成为隐私团体和反对摄像头扩散的律师的“非常有价值的工具”。志愿者们只能尽力遏制监控网络的扩张。

菲利普是来自达拉斯郊区的 DieFlock 贡献者，他估计自己已在社区中标记了约 200 个摄像头，他称这个数字“既多也不多”。

他以在手机信号塔上安装无线电设备为生，因此“总是在留意分包商”。在上班的短途通勤中，他估计会经过九个弗洛克摄像头。

在地图上标记警用摄像头是他的一种抗议方式。他对参加市议会会议或破坏汽车不感兴趣。

“这有点像打地鼠的情况，”他说，“你打掉一个，又会冒出 20 个。”

曼达尼与亚马逊

在快递工人问题上的高风险博弈

撰稿人：帕特里克·穆格汉

在纽约市的街头，数以千计的工人每年辛勤配送近十亿个包裹。如今，一场可能迫使亚马逊及其他大型快递公司对这些工人承担全面责任的高风险博弈已进入关键转折点。

约翰娜·曼达尼市长正在为支持这场博弈的核心——由工会背书的立法——提供支持。周一，曼达尼先生宣布支持《快递保护法案》，该法案正在市议会审议，旨在规范亚马逊、联邦快递等配送公司的“最后一英里”运营。法案将要求这些公司直接雇佣快递工人，而非依赖承包商。

“亚马逊等企业通过合作分包体系构建了数十亿美元的业务，同时将自身与责任隔离开来，”曼达尼先生在声明中表示。他称市议会的法案是“保护快递工人、维护这些设施所在社区安全的常识性监管，并确保从工人劳动中获益的企业对其商业行为的后果负责。”

这场规范“最后一英里”运营的运动正在一个消费者对即时配送需求高涨的城市中展开——人们往往在网上下单后数小时内就能收到包裹。全球配送公司通过雇佣承包商提供所需劳动力，将包裹从配送网络送达客户手中。支持者认为，这种模式使企业得以规避适用于直接雇佣工人的最低工资和福利规定。

法案的反对者——包括亚马逊——则反驳称，该措施将推高消费者的配送成本，并延缓包裹送达速度。他们警告，这可能迫使亚马逊将配送中心迁出纽约市以规避新规，从而导致数千个本地就业岗位流失。

亚马逊已联合多个商业团体——包括商会和纽约房地产委员会——共同反对该立法。工会官员估计，亚马逊已在反对活动中投入超过500万美元，包括电视广告。一项由亚马逊资助的团体委托进行的研究发现，这些监管措施可能使每个包裹的配送成本增加高达$3.20，或每户每年增加$664。

“我们致力于在纽约市创造优质就业机会，支持我们的数千名员工和本地小企业合作伙伴，并为纽约市民提供快速可靠的配送服务，”亚马逊发言人凯利·A·南特尔表示。“但按照目前的立法内容，它将直接破坏这一承诺——威胁到为客户提供配送服务的小企业，使超过5,000名员工的工作岗位面临风险，并可能导致配送业务迁出纽约市。”

国际卡车司机兄弟会（Teamsters）一直在游说该法案，据其称，若法案通过并由曼达尼市长签署，纽约将成为美国首个规范“最后一英里”运营的城市。纽约的快递工人时薪约为$20，而亚马逊表示，其平均时薪接近$10。Teamsters已与加州的一家亚马逊承包商达成协议，将时薪提高至约$30。

“我们正处于五区政治的新时代，工人及其倡导者掌握着主导权，”Teamsters汽车理事会二主席托马斯·格萨尔迪表示。

罗格斯大学劳工研究助理教授埃里克·贝茨表示，该法案将是“政府值得一战的重大议题”，因为它将“以年轻的黑人和棕色人种工人为主力的劳工群体与‘老熊’——亚马逊的亿万富翁掌门人”置于对立面。

贝茨先生研究工会动员工作，他表示，通过支持低薪送货工人对抗全国最大的雇主之一，曼达尼先生展现了他愿意“为工人投入政治资本，而不仅仅是出现在罢工纠察线上”。

曼达尼先生在民主党社会主义者的支持下当选，曾在多个工会工人集会上发表讲话，并与罢工护士和diffractoverships一同参加纠察活动。但这项送货保护法案可能是他首次代表低薪工人挑战大企业利益的重大考验。

这项由皇后区议员蒂芙尼·克里布斯发起的法案，已获得超过30名联署人。

公益维护人贾曼·威廉姆斯在4月市议会消费者和工人保护委员会的听证会上作证时表示，该措施有助于确保送货工作的组织权利得到保障。

“像亚马逊这样打压工会、践踏劳动法的公司，将无法再躲在分包商背后，并将对所有违规行为承担责任，”威廉姆斯先生说。

27,岁的卢克·贝斯已为亚马逊送货近四年，在皇后区的一个去年由卡车司机工会组织起来的仓库工作。他说自己每天最多要送400个包裹。但他表示，当他

市长支持“最后一英里”监管以惠及司机

在热浪期间或运动后要求减轻负担时，贝茨先生工作的承包商告诉他，亚马逊不会同意。贝茨先生所称的雇主DNA物流公司未能联系上以置评。亚马逊未具体回应贝茨先生的指控，但表示公司会定期根据恶劣天气调整路线。

一些亚马逊承包商表示，市政府的做法可能会给快递员带来的麻烦多于帮助。

鲁迪·卡塔内斯拥有为亚马逊和联邦快递在全市送货的公司，他表示，尽管他的员工穿着印有这些品牌名称的制服，但这些公司并不决定他雇佣、解雇和晋升的对象。

“很容易说这是工人与大公司的对抗，亚马逊是这里的大恶人，”卡塔内斯先生说。但他表示，这座城市充满了像他这样的小企业，它们是配送行业的关键。

卡塔内斯的公司Cazar物流是纽约配送联盟的成员，该联盟由亚马逊领导。亚马逊还资助了一个名为“五区就业运动”的组织，该组织委托咨询公司AKBP进行了一项研究，计算了该法案对城市经济的潜在影响。研究称，该法案“将破坏城市的配送公司”，并指出其影响将不成比例地落在低收入社区。

咨询公司估计，83%的“最后一英里设施”工人居住在曼哈顿以外的行政区，其中约80%是少数族裔。

“我认为岌岌可危的是数以千计的本地就业机会，”克里斯蒂安·陈说，她拥有一家thurlow公司，使用货运三轮车每天在曼哈顿为亚马逊配送约5,000个包裹。她说，她的公司Highgate物流有约175名工人，每小时赚取“微薄的工资”，还有“大量申请者”。

她向市议会传达的信息是：“你们赌的是亚马逊会直接雇用这些人。我赌另一边。”

市长佐勒万·曼达尼支持一项法案，该法案将要求亚马逊等配送公司直接雇用快递员，而非依赖承包商。

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《纽约时报》全国版 2026年11月20日 星期二

选举

亲以色列团体考虑在密歇根州阻止埃尔-赛义德的新举措

作者：珍妮弗·米什纳 及西奥多·科勒斯特

美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）自称正在考虑发起一场大规模财务运动，支持共和党参议员进入密歇根州的大选。该决定预计将在周二上午9点30分后的一个主要场合宣布。

AIPAC的超级政治行动委员会（super PAC）在该州民主党初选期间斥资1200万美元，通过一场非传统的6000万美元内部广告，支持众议员黑利·史蒂文斯（Haley Stevens），对抗批评以色列的电视评论员阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德（Abdul El-Sayed）博士。

在埃尔-赛义德博士获胜后，该组织一度保持沉默，但据多名了解内情的人士透露，AIPAC的部分主要捐助者正在敦促其投入数千万美元支持共和党人迈克·罗杰斯（Mike Rogers）。

AIPAC在一份声明中表示，将在大选中支持一场重大选举活动，但未透露具体计划。该委员会下属委员会主席亨利·科斯卡（Henry Koska）表示：“我们的委员会将在11月揭露埃尔-赛义德博士及其激进的反以色列议程。”

AIPAC主要超级政治行动委员会“联合民主项目”（United Democracy Project）的发言人帕特里克·杜伦（Patrick Durron）在采访中表示，已正式决定将资金投入这场竞选。根据联邦选举委员会（Federal Election Commission）的文件，该组织在6月底持有约6000万美元资金。

在一场关键摇摆州的竞争性大选中支持共和党人，对AIPAC而言将是一个非同寻常的转变。该组织长期自诩为两党制，直到2022年才开始介入联邦选举。

尽管如此，许多AIPAC支持者仍视埃尔-赛义德博士为威胁：他将反对以色列作为竞选核心，并多次表示将投票切断对犹太国家的资金支持。

“我们被告知要忍气吞声、保持礼貌的日子已经结束——这里不会再有这种事，”共和党犹太人联盟（Republican Jewish Coalition）政治主任萨姆·马尔科维茨（Sam Markovitz）表示。该全国性组织的董事会中有多名AIPAC捐助者。“我们不会被欺负，不会被麻痹。我们会应对他们，并采取必要行动赢得胜利。”

“宁可被人恨而活着，也不愿被人爱而死去，”他补充道。

在周三的胜选演讲中，埃尔-赛义德博士开始向犹太选民伸出橄榄枝，尽管他仍批评AIPAC介入初选。“我与犹太信仰的兄弟姐妹们并无分歧，无论是你们的光明还是我们的光明。我认为，我们并未将你们的安全——犹太人的安全——与我对自己女儿的安全同等看待，”他说道。

与该组织保持联系的民主党和共和党人士普遍预计，AIPAC附属团体将打破传统模式，在11月为罗杰斯投入数百万美元。六名在初选前与AIPAC领导层交流过的人士表示，他们强烈感受到AIPAC计划大举投入反对埃尔-赛义德博士，后者已进入大选。

罗杰斯先生多次自称是以色列的坚定支持者。

在民主党初选期间，AIPAC的支出引发了该组织主要领导层的内部分歧，埃尔-赛义德阵营则将AIPAC的介入作为攻击史蒂文斯女士的把柄。

但据多名与该组织接触的人士透露，AIPAC领导层在私下讨论中对反对埃尔-赛义德博士的支出持开放态度。该委员会目前仍可能保持低调。

埃尔-赛义迪博士最终仅以微弱多数赢得选举。数十年来，AIPAC（美国以色列公共事务委员会）一直为美国两党政客组织政治活动。但新的范式正在形成。支持以色列的新方式正成为美国-以色列公共事务的负担。最近的民调显示，近半数密歇根州民主党人对该组织持负面看法，而仅有12%的人持正面评价。随着批评以色列的候选人在纽约、加州等地赢得民主党初选，加州参议员约翰·J·麦克莱兰（曾长期被视为犹太国家的坚定支持者）可能将成为该国建国以来对以色列最为不满的声音。

AIPAC的“联合民主项目”及其前身已投入大量资金。

![AIPAC 1200万美元办公室信贷](

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AIPAC斥资1200万美元办公室信贷未能阻止阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义迪博士。AIPAC斥资3200万美元办公室信贷未能阻止埃尔-赛义迪博士。

在AIPAC迄今参与的三个选举周期中，仅在一场涉及民主党和共和党的大选中介入，即在该州，联合民主项目斥资约120万美元反对匹兹堡众议员萨默·李，后者险些输给共和党对手。

AIPAC还曾支持缅因州共和党参议员苏珊·柯林斯，但据该组织视频显示，其不太可能同时介入她的竞选和密歇根州的竞选。周三晚间，该组织决定暂时搁置，在加利福尼亚州一场民主党内国会议员竞选中投入120万美元。

密歇根州参议院初选并非AIPAC支出成为选举议题的首例。今年伊利诺伊州众议院民主党初选中，AIPAC的多个附属机构斥资近440万美元支持路易斯·普赖斯，一名州业主，反对埃文斯顿市长丹尼尔·里奥斯。里奥斯批评普赖斯接受该组织支持，称其“背叛”了自身立场。里奥斯曾多次访问以色列，在民主党安全席位的初选中获胜，并明确表示若当选国会议员，将推动改变美以政策。

在密歇根州，埃尔-赛义迪博士在初选最后阶段大幅领先，他公开呼吁AIPAC在秋季大选中不要再针对他花钱。

“AIPAC，如果你们在听，把钱省下来，到大选时再花吧，”他说，“我很乐意帮你们花这笔钱，然后我们可以讨论我们的外交政策是否应由外国政府的利益来主导。”

AIPAC日益高调的行动存在风险，尤其是在密歇根州权衡介入时。

杰里米·本-阿米（以色列“更自由倾听”亲以团体主席，曾多次批评AIPAC）表示，若该组织的超级政治行动委员会直接支持罗杰斯先生，将构成“政治自杀”。亨利·奥尔丁指出，AIPAC的支出正在加剧任何关心以色列的人都希望解决而非恶化的问题，“他们没有读懂美国当下的局势——这让我既愤怒又悲哀。”

赖斯·温特（三届共和党全国委员会主席）今年已向联合民主项目捐款125,000美元。他表示，AIPAC不应为罗杰斯先生花费这125,000美元，后者并非他的朋友。

“首先，因为我是共和党人，我不是。坦白说，我不需要另一个声音说以色列应该被击败，以及民主党进步派提出的其他主张。”

温特先生表示，他对许多AIPAC的批评者成功将该组织塑造为“蓝图”感到不满。“有人支持各种事业，”他说，“这有什么问题？”

AIPAC在美国选举中大举支出，却鲜少提及以色列

本文由Jennifer Mishna、Matt Zilke和Martin González Gómez撰写。

在不到五年的时间里，美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）已成为美国选举中最大的支出方之一，包括在全国范围内的国会选举年份？

在首次涉足选举活动后，AIPAC附属政治行动委员会在竞选广告和选民宣传上的支出金额已从2810万美元（$28.100 万）增至6720万美元（$67.200 万），其中大部分用于支持民主党团体。

在密歇根州民主党参议院初选中，AIPAC斥资超过3000万美元（3000万美元）支持众议员黑利·史蒂文斯（Haley Stevens）参选。根据联邦选举委员会的数据，这笔美国-以色列公共选区的支出使该组织的参与成为批评史蒂文斯女士竞选活动的关键点。曾发起反以色列竞选活动的埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. El-Sayed）在上周的初选中获胜。

这笔支出——无论是在密歇根州还是全国范围内——标志着该组织经济策略的重大转变。该组织曾被视为一个两党游说组织，因其不同的政治立场而闻名。AIPAC曾资助国会议员访问以色列，但因察觉到民主党内部反以色列情绪的上升趋势，迅速成为联邦选举中的主要参与者。

2022年，AIPAC成立了一个超级政治行动委员会（super PAC），在过去三个选举周期中，该委员会在联邦选举的电视、广播和数字广告上的支出超过了任何其他特殊利益集团或政党，这一数据来自《纽约时报》对媒体跟踪公司AdImpact的数据分析。AIPAC通过其超级政治行动委员会及其他附属组织迅速增长的支出，清楚地表明以色列问题在美国政治中的重要性——但也显示出其复杂性。

AIPAC制作的一些竞选广告旨在支持那些在以色列问题上投票立场与该组织一致的候选人。另一些广告则旨在击败那些投票立场与该组织仅在六项公共议程上一致的候选人。

但有一个因素似乎始终存在：几乎没有广告提及以色列。根据A. Dixon的分析，在2022年4月至2022年6月期间——即首个选举周期内——AIPAC在100个美国选举的电视和数字广告中。

美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）在初选中的支出，按党派划分

第一修正案 第二修正案

2022年 $27.200 万

2024年 $40.500 万

2026年 $0.1300 万

《纽约时报》

AIPAC竞选支出

其他与以色列相关。

由与AIPAC相关团体资助的广告最常关注的议题是宣传某个团体或更大规模的初选——包括堕胎权和经济——尽管这些广告的初衷是支持亲以色列的候选人。因此，与其他政治团体一样，AIPAC有时得以掩盖其在竞选中的参与。

当AIPAC的支持者于2020年成立名为“联合民主计划”的超级政治行动委员会时，他们面对的是超过5000 万的竞选活动，以及越来越多批评美国对以色列支持的候选人。在2, 2022, 以色列遭受袭击后，众议院随后投票支持“联合民主计划”，帮助其加强政治行动。今年迄今为止的初选中，该超级政治行动委员会尚未将资金用于人工智能和加密货币行业这两个其他强大团体的竞选广告。

AIPAC通过“联合民主计划”和其他较小的政治行动委员会投入的大部分资金，都用于民主党初选。由于该组织自称是两党性质，因此很少在大选中花钱，因为这将迫使其在民主党和共和党之间做出选择。

“我们的目标是选出最大的两党亲以色列多数，”联合民主计划发言人帕特里克·杜伦表示。

布伦丹·格兰茨是“壮观民主竞选”支出洞察总监，他表示，AIPAC通过在初选中投入如此多资金，已引起外界对自身及美以政策的关注。“无论他们是否试图通过广告内容来掩盖资金来源，他们确实让人们更难看清背后的金主，”格兰茨先生说。

在过去三个选举周期中，AIPAC的初选议题引领了其努力方向，帮助选出多名被视为盟友的国会议员。该组织在多个州的竞选中投入了最大笔资金，包括密歇根州、伊利诺伊州和马里兰州。

今年迄今，与AIPAC相关的团体已总计支出超过6700万美元。在密歇根州，联合民主团体及其他组织支持史蒂文斯女士的竞选，并通过广告和其他方式攻击埃尔-赛义德博士，总计投入超过3000万美元，另有超过3000万美元用于抨击埃尔-赛义德，根据R.C.C. filings。

密歇根州的竞选是“联合民主计划”首次在参议院竞选中投入资金，但凭借手头6000万美元的现金，这可能不会是最后一次。

该组织成立于2022年，最初将资金用于支持州级官员和政客，视其为机会。2024年情况有所变化，该组织投入近2500万美元，成功击败了罗杰斯（纽约全国代表大会）和密苏里州众议员卡尔·鲁丁，两人均对以色列持批评态度。（The Times has adjusted pro-2020 dollar big. The 2500万美元 of this year's big group has spent more money on supporting candidates than op-2019, but it is still so far.）

尽管AIPAC在成立首年仅在民主党初选中投入资金，但2024年开始关注共和党初选，且并非仅仅提及美国对以色列的支持。肯塔基州众议员托马斯·莫勒和弗吉尼亚州众议员鲍勃·古德在共和党初选中落败，印第安纳州参议院主任和德克萨斯州众议员布伦丹·埃雷拉的挑战者也遭遇失败，AIPAC帮助击败了除莫勒先生外的所有候选人。

今年，该组织最重要的角色之一是支持莫勒先生，这位连任七届的国会议员曾呼吁削减对以色列的资助。

美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）的优先事项

2022、2024和2026年选举周期的总支出

大选 465万美元

初选 1.3亿美元

《纽约时报》

基于7月数据 自2022年1月至2024年7月31日及2024年6月的支出，用于支持或反对某一候选人的支出总额为150万美元。$4,625,647.71 来源：https: / www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu / docs / msm0229

为评估AIPAC多年来的不作为报告成效，得克萨斯法案及美国公共事务委员会在支持中提供了支持。得克萨斯州考虑了AIPAC在多个候选人中的作用，前提是该候选人在2024年获胜。该报告发表于《AIPAC报告》中，由美国人民共和国研究中心发布。"AIPAC报告"是一系列访谈和

数字广告。时报收到通知，当年数据收集已完成，得克萨斯董事会的一份媒体声明已流传，内容实质上与AIPAC的部分内容大致相同。（作者：Michael McGonagher，2022，及2024，信函数据供参考）

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A

AIS

选举

民主党再次面临温和派与左翼之争

作者：洛伦廷·约翰逊 及 蒂姆·贝尔

明尼苏达州圣保罗电 —— 民主党温和派与进步派之间的下一场重大较量将在明尼苏达州展开。该州周二举行的参议院初选受到特朗普政府致命的移民打击行动及一桩曾使民主党州政府动荡的欺诈丑闻的影响。

众议员奥古斯特·克雷格是一位代表国会紫色郊区选区的温和派，与前参议员、首位副州长雷吉·邓恩的竞争，将为参议院提供民主党内部一场全面较量的机会，因为该党正努力翻转参议院。

这场竞选将面临明尼苏达州史上最昂贵的参议院初选之一，此前密歇根州的阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德医生在初选中以 88 票的优势获胜。

与密歇根州的竞选一样，明尼苏达州的初选反映了自 2016, 年民主党失去众议院和参议院以来动摇该党的身份危机。

2016 年击败共和党现任议员后，现年 54, 岁的克雷格女士已连任 1 届，并通过对农业政策的重大影响在参议院确立了领导地位。她表示，这一记录使她成为最有力的候选人，能够在 11 月保住该州的民主党席位。

现年 46, 岁的弗拉纳根女士得到了史密斯女士及伯尼·桑德森参议员等进步派领袖的支持，她主张削减对以色列的军事援助，并建立名为“Medicare for all”的单一支付方医疗体系。她将自己定位为能带来彻底变革而非渐进式改革的候选人。

“这是一场非常紧张的竞选，结果将对人们产生深远影响，”明尼苏达州民主党策略师杰夫·休斯顿表示，他密切关注这场竞选。“竞选结束后，人们可能需要一段时间才能重修旧好。”

自 2006, 年以来，共和党在明尼苏达州的多个全州性竞选中领先，但未能推出在该州势均力敌的情况下具有广泛吸引力的候选人。民主党初选的获胜者将作为参议员之一，与四位参选人展开角逐，其中包括该州资深体育解说员塔利斯，他在选举等问题上持相对温和的立场。

克雷格女士的支持者认为，这位众议员在 11 月的大选中更具竞争力。“选民意愿可能是首要因素，”明尼苏达州民主党策略师乔·斯奈德表示，他未参与这场竞选，但认为克雷格女士是更合适的全民候选人。

受埃尔-赛义德在密歇根州获胜的鼓舞，弗拉纳根女士及其支持者看到了在中西部扩大影响力的机会。他们认为，民主党建制派是导致该州民众对政治体系失望的主要原因，并呼吁进行深远变革。明尼苏达州进步派众议员迪伦表示，她认为埃尔-赛义德的胜选信息与弗拉纳根女士的主张几乎没有区别。

“我们需要让希望重回政治，”迪伦众议员说。“华盛顿有太多人迷失在政治游戏中，忘记了他们所肩负的希望——人民的希望与梦想。”

在特朗普政府于明尼苏达州冬季开展移民执法行动后，移民执法问题成为民主党初选的主导议题。该行动导致多起移民家庭分离事件，并造成多名非美国公民在民事执法过程中死亡。

克雷格女士因成为唯一一位投票支持

明尼苏达州初选反映出该党自2024年以来面临的身份危机

《莱克斯·赖利法案》是特朗普总统去年签署的首批法案之一。该法案赋予移民与海关执法局更大权力，可拘留因特定罪行被起诉的移民。

在明尼苏达州镇压行动高峰期，克雷格女士最初为自己的投票辩护，同时淡化了该法案助推的驱逐行动。但在3月，她改变了立场，表示对自己的投票感到后悔。

尽管两位候选人均未支持“重建”该机构的呼声，但双方均表示将推动对移民机构进行重大改革。

“无论你用什么词来形容，它都不能再这样存在下去了，”弗拉纳根女士在采访中表示。“我们必须尝试从头开始。”

克雷格女士称明尼苏达州的移民执法行动“极其可怕”，并表示希望禁止执法人员在未佩戴随身摄像头的情况下执法。“我的社区希望移民执法部门仅采用正规的执法手段，”她在采访中说道。

尽管克雷格女士因其移民记录而处于守势，弗拉纳根女士则因一起涉及州政府福利项目欺诈的丑闻而受到审视。

明尼阿波利斯的政治光谱各方均指责蒂姆·沃尔兹州长近年来未能建立更强有力的防范措施，导致诈骗者从旨在资助低收入儿童、自闭症托管访客及帮助支气管收缩高风险人群的项目中窃取了数以百万计的资金。

“欺诈是明尼苏达州选民在11月投票时的头号问题，”克雷格女士表示。“无论是否有意，作为我们的副州长候选人，弗拉纳根女士在过去八年中一直协助管理州政府，因此在这一点上特别脆弱。”

当被问及是否承担责任时，弗拉纳根女士表示州长一直在领导应对工作，并在过去一年中采取了果断行动。“他一直与我并肩作战，我们已经完成了这项工作，”她说道，同时承认明尼苏达州民众“对欺诈行为感到愤怒是合理的”。

美国对以色列的军事援助是两位候选人之间的主要分歧点。

弗拉纳根女士批评克雷格女士投票反对一项对以色列军售征税的法案，该法案将使明尼苏达州无法获得美国每年向以色列提供的33亿美元军事援助中的任何份额，而近半数民主党人支持该措施。

“美国纳税人的钱不应被用来助长暴力和正在发生的苦难，”弗拉纳根女士表示，她认为以色列政府在加沙的行为符合种族灭绝的法律定义。

克雷格女士称围绕这一术语的争论具有“反犹太主义”色彩。但她表示，美国与以色列的关系亟需全面重置。

“我认为对美以关系最有利的事情，就是本雅明·内塔尼亚胡失去他最绝望的支持者，”她说道，并补充称这一转折点将使重新评估双边关系变得更加容易。“这是未来的保障。”

美国以色列公共事务委员会（AIPAC）是美国主要的亲以色列团体，曾在克雷格女士过去的竞选中提供大量支持，这表明民主党内部对该团体的态度已变得极为两极分化。

克雷格女士表示，她已要求AIPAC不要直接资助其参议院竞选。不过，AIPAC已通过参议院竞选委员会为她提供了间接支持。

[从左至右：明尼苏达州副州长、民主党参议员候选人佩吉·弗拉纳根（进步派），以及明尼苏达州民主党众议员安吉·克雷格（温和派），将于周二在一场竞争激烈的初选中对决。]

对AIFHC的关注是这场竞选中关于外部团体作用更广泛辩论的一部分。弗拉纳根女士称自己的竞选活动为“最新的敌人”，批评克雷格女士接受来自无需披露领导人的企业和行业团体的资金。

克雷格女士作为前州最安全席位的民主党人，筹集的资金比弗拉纳根女士更多，她表示副州长的口号此前就已响起，因为她也曾受益于民主党副州长协会PAC筹集的州资金。

尽管双方都支持更严格的竞选资金监管，克雷格女士表示，在共和党利用宽松规则的情况下，报告外部团体的支持将是有益的。

“如果我们想阻止唐纳德·特朗普，就必须赢得选举，而我们无法通过束缚自己的双手来赢得选举，”克雷格女士说。

在中期选举临近之际，许多民主党人正在讨论参议院民主党领袖查克·舒默是否应当卸任。克雷格女士虽未明确表示会推动此事，但她指出，参议院民主党未能在一段以自由意志主义和不耐烦为特征的总统任期中实现转变。

“老实说，我厌倦了参议院民主党更关注权力回归，而不是美国的民主，”克雷格女士说。

弗拉纳根女士则态度明确，认为民主党需要一位新的参议院领袖。

“民众渴望大胆、彻底的变革，”她说，“他们厌倦了在边缘小修小补。”

左翼的选举制胜剧本内幕

本文作者：罗宾·布朗宁，《公牛报》与《新政治家》

今年3月下旬，数千名愤怒的示威者聚集在密尔沃基的一个公园，举行“反对特朗普政府的‘替身’”抗议活动。对于角逐威斯康星州州长的民主党众多候选人而言，这一事件是接触激情高涨的初选选民的绝佳机会。

然而，只有一个竞选团队以显著规模出现。尽管天气寒冷——人们能看到自己呼出的哈气，一支身穿“大麻选民”（Hemp Voters）T恤的志愿者小分队搭起帐篷，向人群分发宣传品。篝火点燃后，他们开始按照组织者的第十三条指令行动：收集电话号码和邮寄地址，以便日后招募志愿者和动员选民。

赫普女士是一名民主社会主义者兼厨师，现已成为周二民主党初选的领跑者，击败了党内建制派多位资金更雄厚的竞争对手，包括一名前副州长和现任副州长。后两者均在上次选举中落败。

“从一开始，组织工作就展现出非凡的力量，”赫普竞选团队的高级顾问哈里·维亚勒斯表示，“我的车上贴满了各种标语。”

今年夏天，全国各地的年轻、激进的社会主义者及其盟友凭借更具感染力的信息传递和组织策略，在多场选举中击败传统民主党人，令许多民主党人深感震惊。他们耗费巨资，却仍困惑不解：这些人是如何屡屡得逞的？上周的最新例证是，在一场参议院初选中，现任州长史蒂文斯败给了前公共卫生官员阿卜杜勒·埃尔-赛义德，后者主张实现医保全覆盖。

左翼近期的胜利清楚表明了哪些策略奏效：面对面的竞选活动、将支持者个人化并赋予其使命感，以及新的选举阶段。竞选团队自身表示，未来的成功取决于这些活动。他们构建了传统的地面作战模式，借助民众的愤怒和力量，而志愿者队伍则敞开怀抱，将抗议运动的能量转化为选举动力。

布朗宁从旧金山报道，公牛报从审判现场报道，史蒂文斯从威斯康星州麦迪逊报道。

这些竞选活动还提出了具体而简洁的信息：全民医保是一项权利；民主党应与企业利益切割；美国应为在加沙丧生的数千人负责。他们表示，最关键的组成部分之一是与选民进行面对面的互动，尽管这些竞选活动也采用了社交媒体的精准定位，并开展了一些传统宣传。

左翼竞选团队还认为，一些更主流的初选对手犯了错误，他们将大部分资源投入广告宣传，却忽视了直接接触选民，试图打造迎合选民的立场。

在威斯康星州，赫普的竞选团队已招募约1200名志愿者，敲开了数十万户家庭的门，并举办了约500场社区活动。她最强劲的剩余对手、密尔沃基县行政长官戴维·克劳利仅举办了其中一小部分活动。

“仅仅投票支持你喜欢的候选人是一回事，”在丹佛击败现任民主党众议员的民主社会主义者梅隆·克莱恩表示，“而被候选人的信息所激励，并希望在实现其竞选愿景的过程中发挥作用，则是另一回事……”

这一策略在多场初选中奏效。但一个无法回避的问题仍然存在，尤其是在密歇根州等关键战场：左翼的意识形态能否在秋季对抗共和党时复制其成功？

受曼达尼启发

美国民主社会主义者（DSA）的议题领袖表示，他们对自身的力量有着强烈的认知。曼达尼竞选纽约市长时的美国候选人们称，他们借鉴了其组织能力和去中心化结构，让众多志愿者能够深度参与。

“这种模式能够快速培养领导力，学习所有在现实世界中可用的组织技能，”费城的DSA领袖兼克里斯·比亚利克（Chris Bialik）竞选顾问表示。比亚利克是一名社会主义者，曾在5月的众议院初选中表现出竞争力。

他表示，这场竞选由DSA成员主导。许多比亚利克的志愿者是社区成员，或来自其他左翼团体，如工作家庭党。

弗朗西斯卡·亨普（Francesca Hemp）是一名民主社会主义者，正在竞选威斯康星州州长，其竞选团队已招募了约7,000名志愿者。

在费城，DSA为比亚利克的社交媒体账号剪辑了较旧的右倾内容。在科罗拉多州克莱恩（Kline）的竞选中，该组织的全国机构通过一系列与众议院议员的虚拟合影筹集了$50,000；最终，这场由进步影响者主导的竞选吸引了6,500名志愿者，他们敲开了超过12,000户家庭的大门。克莱恩女士表示：

“DSA的声音，以及我们竞选中的一个讽刺之处，就在于他们组织工作的纯粹力量和纪律性，”她说，“这极大地提升了我们的地面竞选能力。”

在密歇根州，21天的初选期间——尽管有一名DSA成员参与，但吸引了该组织的许多立场支持者——竞选活动从全州深陷危机并穿越全州的民众中起步，最终招募了近12,000名志愿者，竞选地面总监詹姆斯·高伯（James Gauber）说道。

史蒂文斯女士的竞选活动由埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. El-Sayed）的竞选团队主导，专注于地面竞选策略。高伯表示：这意味着确保在电视广告和领导层上进行投资。

竞选团队鼓励志愿者向选民宣传埃尔-赛义德的优先事项——全民医保和清除政治中的金钱影响——以确保选民能够用自己的语言表达支持他的理由，而不必拘泥于固定话术。

“对我们来说，让人们从内心和价值观出发去表达非常重要，”他说。

亨普的竞选团队采用了类似的策略，记录了数千个电话号码和电子邮件地址，以招募志愿者进行请愿书签名和评论活动。

上周五在麦迪逊，尽管细雨连绵，亨普的支持者们仍在进行为期两小时的敲门拉票轮班，并在初选前完成了五步快速培训。周末期间，志愿者们在麦迪逊敲开了11,000户家庭的大门，并计划在本次活动中将这一数字翻倍，目标是在初选结束前敲开50万户家庭。

组织者狄龙·谢里丹（Dillon Sheridan）鼓励志愿者分享个人见证和领导力言论，说明他们支持亨普的理由，以及她的竞争对手存在哪些不足。

“在智能手机、开放式办公和所有这些的时代，科学研究已经证明，让人们参与进来的最佳方式是回归面对面的交流，在他们的家门口与他们对话，”谢里丹先生说。

他们还通过组织蓝草音乐会、杜格曼（Dugman）和拉泰拉（Laterra）的游戏之夜等活动，让支持者们享受乐趣。

金钱洪流

左翼的成功是在大多数高调胜利中，尽管进步派候选人在夏季遭遇了资金短缺，但传统民主党外部团体的竞选支出却远超他们。

6月，全国民主党通过一系列超级政治行动委员会（super PACs）向对抗克莱恩女士的竞选注入了240万美元，此前一位长期担任民主党国会议员的戴安娜·德盖特（Diana DeGette）面临失利风险。

同月，一位遭受创伤的非裔美国人、国会西班牙裔核心小组主席鲁迪夫（Roodef）在初选中败给了一位纽约的民主社会主义者，这也暴露了美国政府的战略失误。

在密歇根州，支持企业的民主党人史蒂文斯女士（Ms. Stevens）获得了包括美国公共卫生研究所在内的团体1500万美元的资助，而她的对手埃尔-赛义德博士（Dr. El-Sayed）的外部支出约为800万美元。

但这些资金都未能奏效。三位建制派热门候选人均败给了进步派挑战者。德盖特输给了克莱恩女士，后者是一位20岁的年轻人，其竞选主张因更贴近基层而赢得支持，以近1个百分点的优势获胜。

一些资深民主党竞选人士承认，尽管资金优势在过去两个选举周期中发挥了作用，但候选人无需依赖大笔资金也能激发类似的热情。

“他们更加警惕，因为他们相信埃尔-赛义德博士和亨普女士的左翼立场可能导致他们在关键州的竞选中失利。”

“如果你的立场与威斯康星州选民对州长的期待不符，仅靠出色的实地竞选活动并不能帮你赢得大选，”克劳利竞选团队发言人埃迪·韦尔（Eddie Vale）表示。

共和党已开始将进步派候选人描绘为“照护派”（common care）和对选民而言过于激进的存在。

许多缺乏强大实地动员的竞选活动最终失败，而那些拥有强大基层组织但其他方面存在弱点的候选人也未能胜出。今年获胜的进步派候选人大多也采用了传统广告策略，尽管预算远低于对手。

但今年真正的动力来自普通民众，德克萨斯州前众议员、参议员和州长候选人亨利·德鲁布（Henry D'Rourbe）表示，他曾采用过类似的草根基层策略。

“如果只是因为有人付钱让你去敲门，那背后并没有真正的力量，”德鲁布说。

“当有人出于自愿——尤其是在夏日酷暑中——来到你家门前，你永远不会忘记那次相遇。”

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第47任总统

特朗普签署行政令呼吁减少儿童疫苗接种

推动停止要求接种预防肝炎、流感和轮状病毒的疫苗

记者：斯蒂芬·芒德尔、戴夫·布卢姆 特朗普总统周一首次在一年多时间里签署了一项行政命令，要求美国儿童定期接种疫苗，以预防在丹麦等国家已不再流行的疾病。

这份最新版本比之前的版本更明确地强调了修订后的免疫接种计划，建议儿童接种疫苗预防的疾病数量从疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）目前推荐的17种减少至5种。该命令还“指示司法部长推进针对那些削减儿童宗教和医学疫苗豁免权的州的法律挑战”，特朗普表示。

特朗普称，国会已提议填补有关该行政命令的法律空白，他签署该命令的部分原因是担忧疫苗是否被自动化生产，即使尚无医学或科学研究发现两者之间存在关联。

目前尚不清楚该命令是否具有法律效力。美国的疫苗接种建议由向CDC提供咨询的专家制定，并由该机构主任采纳。但只有各州才能要求18岁以下儿童接种疫苗。

政府此前尝试实施缩减版疫苗接种计划已被联邦政府叫停。各州正在继续提起诉讼，医学组织认为政府未遵循适当程序，并做出了不必要且持续的决定。一名法官认同这一观点，称政府未能证明其做法的合理性，并指出疫苗接种建议传统上由独立委员会制定。

“这无法解决法院的担忧，也不是在法律上正确的方式来界定疫苗接种建议的必要要求，”加州大学旧金山分校法学院疫苗政策与法律专家杰克斯·布里斯在5:30 AM表示。

她说，总统无法在法律上绕过免疫接种实践咨询委员会（该委员会由国会授权制定疫苗接种建议），任何试图继续推行的做法都可能面临相同的法律挑战。布里斯表示。

“这些建议背后没有科学依据，”明尼苏达大学传染病研究与政策中心主任迈克尔·A·麦克黑尔博士说，“这完全是意识形态的产物。”

特朗普的计划反映了政府长期以来对部分儿童疫苗可能弊大于利的理论的兴趣，至少对某些儿童而言。各州有权决定接种多少剂疫苗。这一做法似乎也与白宫此前敦促罗伯特·F·肯尼迪，41,远离疫苗话题的建议相矛盾，肯尼迪转而关注饮食等不太可能疏远现代选民的议题。

特朗普在签署“go-pilot vaccine”法案时曾支持某些疫苗。但他也表示对其他疫苗的接种时间仍存疑，并建议儿童应分5次接种疫苗，而不是一次性完成。他表示自己曾分次带孩子接种疫苗。

肯尼迪表示，官员们计划在90天内落实该命令，而非特朗普指示的30天。目前尚不清楚具体步骤。该命令预计不会影响疫苗的保险覆盖范围。

其主要影响将是——

“任何坏事都不会发生，”特朗普总统说。但医生预测将有更多儿童生病。

美国儿科学会会长安德鲁·卡钦博士表示，这将加剧家长对疫苗的怀疑和困惑。

这项行政命令强调了家长的担忧，并指出联邦项目应支持“接种疫苗的家长选择权”。根据法律，保护主义者在接种疫苗前已被要求提供有关疫苗益处和风险的信息。各州要求入学儿童接种疫苗，因为数十年的研究表明，此类强制措施是保护社区免受疫苗可预防疾病侵害的有效方式。

“我们所做的不会带来任何坏处，”特朗普先生在签署仪式上表示。

但约翰斯·霍普金斯健康安全中心的传染病医生兼学者阿诺德·艾兹达博士表示，由于忽视基于证据的疫苗接种建议会导致更多儿童患病，这一命令引发了“关注”。

该行政命令建议将麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗拆分为单独接种，而非以组合形式接种。特朗普先生周一声称：“肝炎是一种严重疾病，相当致命，而单独接种的疫苗看起来完全不致命，但非常有效。”

显然，这一决定忽视了麻腮风（MMR）疫苗的致命性，以及大量证据证明其整体安全性。虽然该组合疫苗与儿童罕见癫痫发作风险有关，但疾控中心（CDC）表示，这种癫痫不会造成长期伤害。

部分国家提供单独疫苗，但在美国使用前需经过测试。

特朗普将儿童接种的疫苗量比作“一瓶汽水的大小”和“疫苗兽医”。但每剂疫苗的含量不超过十分之一茶匙。

该命令还敦促官员探索铝佐剂的替代品，铝佐剂数十年来被添加到疫苗中以增强人体免疫反应。肯尼迪先生曾多次质疑铝佐剂的安全性，尽管研究表明其是安全的。

肯尼迪还称，美国儿童需接种12剂甚至多达16剂疫苗。但事实上，即使包括非每年固定接种的疫苗，儿童在19岁前接种的疫苗总量也未达到这一数字。

肯尼迪还表示，疫苗接种计划可能是导致美国“自闭症患病率急剧上升”的原因。自闭症的确诊率确实有所上升，目前约为10名儿童中有1名，而20年前这一比例约为1 / 20。专家指出，诊断率上升的主要原因可能是公众意识提高及诊断标准扩大，涵盖了更广泛的病例。

这项新行政命令呼应了肯尼迪及其任命官员于1月15日推出的简化疫苗接种计划，建议所有儿童仅需接种针对11种疾病的疫苗，包括麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、脊髓灰质炎等，

与免疫接种计划保持一致。

但该命令仅建议为特定高风险群体接种其他疫苗，包括针对呼吸道症状、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的疫苗。“命令未明确何为高风险，但修订后的接种计划建议在1月和6月公布标准，”对于非高风险群体，新命令建议仅在“共同承担严重风险”且“考虑便利性和成本”的情况下接种部分疫苗。这些疫苗包括针对新冠、流感、轮状病毒、脑膜炎球菌病、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的疫苗。

特朗普表示，该行政令“使美国与世界其他先进和发达国家在相关问题上高度一致”。尽管接种时间表包含了疾病预防控制中心的研究，但在一个人口规模较小且实行全民医疗保健的国家，建议接种的疫苗剂次更少，许多参与程度较低的同行国家（包括其他北欧国家）也是如此。由于美国的疫苗接种水平较高，建议的疫苗剂次数量与加拿大、英国、澳大利亚和德国的时间表高度一致。

在公开数据中，政府试图加快儿童疫苗接种时间表的举措遭到了美国儿科学会的反对，该学会呼吁采用新的疫苗接种时间表，并决定确保家长让孩子获得此前推荐的选择。

在签署仪式上，特朗普的高级助手斯蒂芬·米勒也对该行政令提出质疑，称“从来没有人研究过它。从来没有人审视过它。从来没有人思考过它。”但疾病预防控制中心的疫苗咨询委员会通常会在数月甚至数年的时间里审查新疫苗的数据，然后才会发布关于正在开发的疫苗的建议。

拉辛博士补充说，时间表中的所有疫苗都经过仔细研究，“它们的接种时机和组合方式也经过充分研究”。

美国食品药品监督管理局加强对食品成分的严格监管

作者：爱丽丝·卡拉汉（ALICE CALLAHAN） 及戴夫·布鲁姆（DAVE BLUM）

特朗普政府提议一项新规，要求食品公司在向产品中添加新成分时向政府申报，以弥补长期存在的监管漏洞。该新规旨在让安全专家视为食品供应监管中的一大薄弱环节。

数十年来，食品和饮料公司一直能够在无需美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）审查的情况下引入新成分，只需声明这些成分“普遍被认为安全”（GRAS）。虽然该政策最初旨在允许公司跳过对食盐、苏打和面粉等常见成分的审查，但企业也利用这一规定将至少上千种食品添加剂——包括过去几年的一系列调味剂、甜味剂和香精——引入美国食品供应链，而几乎没有证据表明它们是安全的。

根据拟议规则（若卫生与公众服务部部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪周一宣布），企业必须向FDA通报计划使用的新成分，并提交数据证明这些成分的安全性。FDA表示，还将建立一个“对市场上已有成分的系统化审查流程”，要求企业报告其正在使用的产品、使用方式及使用时长。

“我们甚至不清楚市场上究竟有多少种化学物质，”FDA发言人表示。“我们发现行业不断开发自然界中不存在的新型化合物和化学组合。”肯尼迪表示：“我们一直在使用这些物质，这使得严谨的科学和透明的安全审查变得更加重要。”

食品政策专家对加强FDA监管的努力表示欢迎。“长期以来，食品行业一直处于‘狂野西部’状态，”公共卫生政策与管理副教授珍妮弗·波莫兰茨表示。

但专家同时指出，拟议新规可能无法显著改善食品供应的健康水平。例如，它似乎无法解决企业在食品中使用的许多物质缺乏安全数据的问题。根据法律，企业仍可自行决定某一成分是否安全，并在FDA介入前将其用于产品。［—原文在此截断—］

机构寻求堵塞漏洞，但不确定是否拥有足够资源

肯尼迪承诺堵塞这一漏洞，他表示该漏洞在“过去几天”内已对食品行业造成影响。肯尼迪认为，可能受GBAX监管的成分导致了美国的“时间负荷”环境，并助长了肥胖和其他慢性疾病发病率的上升。

除了要求企业通过GBAX向FDA提交添加成分的计划外，该提案规则还将增加公众对食品供应中已存在的GBAX问题的了解，但FDA无法轻易监测这些物质的安全性。邓纳曼表示，他未详细说明该机构将如何实现这一点。

波莫罗内博士表示，FDA采取行动堵塞GBAX漏洞“再高兴不过了”，并补充说，该提案规则意味着消费者将无法在FDA不知情或未监管的情况下获得成分。

但该提案并未涉及许多常见于加工食品中的成分——特别是精制碳水化合物，如高果糖玉米糖浆、麦芽糊精及其他低热量添加剂（这些成分与该国高肥胖率及其他慢性疾病相关）。前FDA局长戴维·凯斯勒博士表示：

“GBAX提案行动并未触及该国慢性疾病的根本原因，”凯斯勒博士说。他去年曾敦促FDA重新审查这些成分数十年来的GBAX地位。

专家还表示，他们希望FDA明确应收集、报告、存储哪些类型的安全数据，以及如何确保食品产品的安全性。FDA无法生产不安全的产品。

但波莫罗内博士表示，确保成分安全本就是企业的责任，因此企业不应将提交证据视为额外负担。“食品行业需要意识到，他们终于要受到监管了，”她说。

至于FDA是否有能力及时评估每一种新食品成分的安全性，这是一个担忧，尤其是在特朗普政府削减该机构预算之后，一家非营利食品产品联合委员会的主任汤姆·尼肖表示。“我们报告化学品安全问题，加强食品成分监管需要‘比本届政府愿意投入的多得多的员工’，”他说。

在周一的活动上，肯尼迪还呼吁国会通过立法，称这将为FDA提供“应对不断变化的食品供应所需的额外工具，并确保美国人民的健康”。波莫罗内博士表示，FDA需要更多资金进行食品安全评估，并建议国会要求食品公司出资支持FDA的工作。

肯尼迪周一还宣布，政府在改善国民健康方面又迈出了一步。他解释了联邦政府对“超加工食品”这一长期等待的定义，这类食品与包括肥胖、2型糖尿病、抑郁症、心脏病和高血压在内的多种健康问题相关。他周一并未公布该定义的具体内容，仅表示已最终确定，未提供任何细节。

特朗普在竞选活动中称民主党人为"[f]骗子"

作者：乔兰·坎诺-翁达

华盛顿——特朗普总统周一将中期选举中的民主党候选人描述为"[f]骗子"，并进一步延续了共和党民选官员近期发表的仇外言论。

特朗普还针对索马里裔人士发表了另一番抨击，称：“他们并非主要的能力来源，他们一无所有，却在告诉我们如何治理我们的国家。”

当被问及这些候选人代表“民主党”参加中期选举时，特朗普在椭圆形办公室对记者表示：“我们到处都在选出[f]骗子。我们曾在共产主义下团结一致，[f]骗子。”

当白宫官员未回应记者关于特朗普对执政评论的置评请求时，一位官员在6月表示，这些言论可能会疏远美国的穆斯林群体。

特朗普在其政治生涯中曾多次抨击穆斯林和政府，激起其支持者的愤怒，并推动支持严格的限制措施。特朗普对美国穆斯林的回应，

但在过去几个月中，反穆斯林的言论在共和党内已变得愈发常态化，尤其是在纽约市长选举中穆斯林政客约书亚·米亚尼拉尼（Joshua Mianilani）以及上周密歇根州参议院初选中约翰·E·甘尼特博士（Dr. John E. Gannett）等知名穆斯林政客赢得选举后。

特朗普拒绝谴责此类言论，并在周一的表态中再次强化了这一立场。

特朗普针对索马里裔社区的言论是他近期最新的相关表态。

此前，特朗普曾称索马里译员为“病原体”，并表示不希望他们进入美国。

上月，特朗普在提及明尼苏达州一所索马里裔幼儿园的新媒体报道时，还发表评论称：“每个女孩都在幼儿园里处于……状态。”

在同一场合，他还表示：“比如索马里，他们来到这里，然后告诉我们如何理解我们的宪法，如何理解我们的（甲板 / 相关内容），哪里‘融合’了，现在正在实施。这行不通。”

更正

国际

8月4日关于利比亚 C.A. 机密严重程度的文章有误。报道称，该机构在冷战期间于利比亚的存在规模较小。实际上，该机构在冷战后期仍保持活跃，甚至在其外交官驻地哈瓦那设有一个所谓的“内部部门”，该部门于1971年在瑞士政府的保护下运作。它并非位于美国驻哈瓦那大使馆内，后者已关闭长达2,000天。

周日关于近10,000名一战英国伤亡记录新增人员的文章中，误报了一名新增人员的姓名。其姓名应为奥斯卡·哈格尔（Oscar Hagle），而非罗斯·哈格尔（Rose Hagle）。

艺术

周五关于安德鲁·温克勒（Andrew Winkler）——大都会博物馆近期馆藏经理——的文章中，错误地指认了1815年收购乔治·格雷·巴纳德（George Grey Barnard）中世纪艺术藏品的洛克菲勒家族成员。实际为小约翰·D·洛克菲勒（John D. Rockefeller Jr.），而非其父约翰·D（John D.）。

周六关于爱丁堡边缘艺术节展出的州外作品的文章中，错误拼写了《寻找》（Finding）、《霍莉·布拉克勒》（Holly Brackler）和《温克勒城》（Winkler City）背后制作人的名字。其名应为弗朗西斯科·穆迪（Francisco Moody），而非弗朗索斯（Francous）。

美食

8月3日关于马萨诸塞州 Pretextures 的人物与餐厅如何塑造巴西风味历史的文章中，错误描述了密歇根州保存的一种苹果酒类型。应为海鲜苹果酒（sea cider），而非昆虫苹果酒（quibug）。

每次印刷过程中均尽可能进行更正，但此处列出的部分错误可能未在全部 3 个版本中得到修正。

联系编辑部

如需提交更正请求，请发送电子邮件至 correction@ncbsnews.com。

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9

第4任总统

除警察外，武装部队现已进驻杜邦环岛（Dupont Circle）等住宅区。

特朗普“接管”一年来华盛顿的变化

自A1版转载

……因建造“公寓式士兵住宿单元”而获奖。

总统宣布国民警卫队部署的几天前，政府效率部门成员爱德华·卡兰萨（Edward Carranza）遭到袭击，当局称这是一起未遂的“拆包”事件。两名青少年随后再次被捕。警方继续就此次袭击展开缓刑调查。

特朗普在宣布派遣部队时援引了这起袭击事件，宣称他将“让我们的国家首都摆脱犯罪、流血、混乱和动荡”。

这一影响在华盛顿的某些社区显得难以捉摸。

“太阳一下山，就有一队队警察呼啸而过，”42岁的电影制作人兼社区活动人士马塞尔·卡兰萨（Marcel Carranza）说。他居住在第二选区（Ward 2）——一个工薪阶层聚居的公共区域。

他说，联邦特工散布到社区聚会和公寓楼内，盘问人们是否有车窗被砸或携带开封的酒精饮料。“这一模式基本上持续了整整一年，”他说道。

白宫坚称，劫车和抢劫案件的大幅下降证明这一行动取得了成功。“特朗普总统已将我们的国家首都从一个犯罪猖獗的城市变成了一个安全美丽的避风港，”白宫发言人劳伦·伊利奥（Lauren Ilio）说。

然而，这些变化是在全国暴力犯罪急剧下降的背景下发生的，在没有联邦干预的城市，犯罪率已降至历史最低水平。而在华盛顿，暴力犯罪早在特朗普宣布“接管”之前就已降至数十年来的最低水平。

市长穆丽尔·鲍泽（Muriel Bowser）经常提醒华盛顿700,000名居民，这个城市对联邦政府的意志尤其脆弱。作为宪法创建的联邦直辖区，华盛顿直到1872年国会通过《地方自治法》（Home Rule Act）后才有权选举自己的领导人，而即使如此，自治权仍受到严格限制。

考虑到特朗普政府的影响力，以及共和党控制的国会可能进一步削弱地方自治权，市长在一份声明中强调了合作的益处……

区内暴力犯罪失控延续全国性趋势

周一，鲍泽市长表示，通过与联邦力量合作，“我们保住了自主权；通过将重点放在公共安全上，我们拯救了生命。”

但她同时指出，“我们从实际和政治层面证明，并不需要联邦紧急行动。”

当然，许多居民对此并不买账。

特朗普宣布的“接管”警方行动在一开始就遭到挑战，最终仅限于暂时允许联邦政府指挥当地警方协助移民执法和清理无家可归者。

联邦移民特工拘留了数百名涉嫌非法滞留的人，

有时采取“白天大规模逮捕”的强硬手段。去年12月，一名法官禁止他们在没有逮捕令或合理理由的情况下实施逮捕，拘留人数因此减少。

国民警卫队是这一行动中最显眼的部分，几乎也是最昂贵的。根据特朗普政府向马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦提供的数据，从2026年10月至总统任期结束，部署预计将耗资14亿美元——这还不包括已花费的数亿美元。

部署的成效却并不明确。

智库“火山主义中心”6月发布的一份报告发现，国民警卫队可能有助于减少该市猖獗的联邦盗窃案，例如今年以来下降了50%以上。但部署对暴力犯罪（包括谋杀、抢劫和持械袭击）的影响微乎其微。抢劫和交火事件在警卫队到来前后发生率几乎持平。今年，华盛顿的暴力犯罪数量略高于2023年同期水平，主要是由于袭击案大幅增加。

警卫队成员自身也成了犯罪受害者。去年11月，两名警卫队成员遭枪击，其中一人数月后死亡。当局称，袭击者是一名阿富汗移民，从华盛顿驾车而来。

对许多华盛顿居民而言，最大的影响可能来自数百名来自缉毒局、烟酒枪械爆炸物管理局等机构的特工涌入执法系统。这些特工大多与首都警察局成员并肩行动，常常紧随当地警车，以1 / 15的比例进行巡逻，并拦截车辆检查车牌。

据白宫称，联邦特遣队（据称包括地方机构）已逮捕16,000人，但尚不清楚若无联邦介入，这些案件会如何处理。当地警方主要负责接听851报警电话和处理紧急情况，而联邦特工则常与一名或多名首都警察局警员一起，开车或步行巡逻。

“感觉他们就是在找茬，”哥伦比亚高地选举产生的社区领袖科里·达德纳说。他表示，联邦特工在街道上来回巡逻，因公共醉酒或吸毒等违规行为拘留民众。

居民希望解决公共场所贩毒等扰民问题，但不希望由缺乏地方问责的武装特工来处理。“许多邻居不会向首都警察局报案，”达德纳说，“因为他们不知道谁会跟着来。”

华盛顿一直是警力部署重地，除了大约1,000名大都会警察局警员外，还有来自美国公园警察、国会警察和特勤局的数千名警员和特工。然而，曾经主要集中在城市内联邦设施周边的联邦执法人员，如今已扩散至居民社区。

华盛顿的辩护律师达拉贾·卡罗尔表示，一些当事人宁愿选择服完短期刑期，也不愿接受按比例释放条件。“我不会让你无处不在，充当我的耳目。”

“很难想象作为一个有过不良记录的人，还能自由行动，”她说，“你甚至不知道在杂货店里遇到的会是哪种特警。”

华盛顿的执法行动未来走向尚不明朗，特朗普坚称这一行动仅仅是成功的。6月，他表示，如果将联邦驻军比作军事占领的民主社会主义者詹姆斯·刘易斯·乔治在该市民主党市长初选中获胜，他可能会推动废除地方自治权。

“也许我们会收回华盛顿的管理权，由联邦直接接管，”他说，“我们不能容忍这种情况。”数日后，她以压倒性优势赢得初选。

特朗普对人工智能和新数据中心持乐观态度 尽管普遍存在不安

来自A1版

安全性。但他承认，白宫似乎对可能出现的负面影响准备不足。

“这是经济的一个个人脆弱点，”他说，“人们会不断制造并观察它如何发展。”

特朗普对人工智能的乐观评估可能最终被证明是正确的。但他的支持已经消耗了近40%来自餐饮业和跨政治光谱的政策制定者的更为审慎的数据。即使是那些将人工智能视为人类历史上最重大技术飞跃的人，也对这种规模的变革很少不产生后果抱有疑虑——并认为华盛顿需要为各种可能的情况做好更充分的准备。

有一种观点认为，人工智能可以显著提高工人的生产力，由此带来的收益可能大幅推动全球经济增长。随着愿景的改变和随之而来的财富，被称为“超级巨头”的最大型科技公司可能在未来几年内投入高达10亿美元用于人工智能基础设施建设，据摩根大通预测。这可能要求OpenAI和Anthropic等公司产生远超当前的收入。

特朗普一直寻求在其第二任期内推动建筑和制造业发展。但许多专家对这一过程是否会顺利无阻表示极大怀疑。

斯坦福大学数字经济实验室的经济学家们在一项广为引用的研究中，试图衡量人工智能对10亿美国人的早期影响。在7月发布的最新更新中，该智库报告称人工智能基础设施支出出现显著增长，但“迄今为止，尚无决定性证据”表明其对劳动力和微观产业产生了变革性影响。

拜伦布鲁姆表示，人工智能的能力将在未来几年内大幅提升，这将“对我们的经济产生深远影响，既有积极的一面，也可能带来一些真正的风险”。正是这种担忧促使拜伦布鲁姆协助组织了约200名研究人员，共同发布了一份联合声明，呼吁政府“建立必要的收入保障、监管机构和制度，以确保人工智能的发展方向能够补充人类并造福人类”。

为应对部分风险，白宫已发布了一项备受期待的计划，以监管部分人工智能模型，确保其不会造成安全漏洞。该计划由谷歌、微软和OpenAI等公司协同制定，标志着政府对这一新技术态度的转变，不再采取放任自流的做法。

然而，除此之外，白宫主要试图将自身定位为人工智能的啦啦队长。

“长期以来，自我在政府任职以来，包括特朗普总统之前的时期，关于这项技术的叙事一直比负面声音更为有效。当然，人们会持怀疑态度，”白宫科技政策办公室主任迈克尔·克鲁茨曼在彼得·D·邓恩斯坦上周发表的一篇技术文章采访中表示。

在采访中，克鲁茨曼提到自己两年前曾参加英国举办的人工智能安全研讨会，他表示该研讨会的重点是“可能出现的问题”。他补充说，这有助于明确当前行业——以及政府——面临的问题，即在公开场合对人工智能采取更为“被动”的态度。

“他们从政客和人们那里听到的唯一信息是

政府将自身定位为科技的啦啦队。

他说道：“这个行业的问题是，哦，会有大量工作岗位流失，一切都很危险。我认为这些正是让人们情绪激动的事情，以至于达到了‘标准’的惊讶程度，即私募股权（P.E.）是坏的。”

特朗普政府对数据中心采取了最为乐观的态度，而数据中心的增长已成为全国选举中的一个焦点问题。

许多城市和州开始质疑这些设施的经济价值，因为它们在建设完成后仅能支持少量长期就业岗位，且对电力、水资源和其他资源的需求巨大。这一担忧促使一些政策制定者暂停数据中心的建设，包括在纽约，民主党人康·凯茜·霍楚尔（Con-Kathy Hochul）于7月颁布了首个全州范围的暂停令。

作为回应，特朗普在社交媒体上猛烈抨击，要求撤销该政策。他表示，这些设施将创造更多“真正的就业机会”，其价值相当于“LIQUID GOULD”，并称数据中心“对于有幸获得它们的州和社区来说是WITH”。

白宫未回应置评请求。《纽约时报》已起诉OpenAI和微软，指控其人工智能系统侵犯新闻内容版权。

两家公司均否认了这一指控。

为平息日益高涨的担忧，特朗普今年与科技公司达成了一项协议，内容包括这些公司支付所需的电力升级费用。但该协议与总统公开质疑是否存在能源成本问题的态度似乎并不一致。

他在3月的一次活动中表示：“他们需要一些私募股权（P.E.）的帮助。”他指的是数据中心的形象，“因为人们认为如果一个数据中心建在那里，电价就会上涨，但这不会发生，不会发生。”

根据全国州立法机关会议（National Underwriters of State Legislatures）7月更新的数据，过去一年中，已有15个州的议员考虑过针对数据中心的禁令。上周，肯塔基州民主党州长康·凯茜·贝希尔（Con-Kathy Beshear）签署了一项指令，以保护居民免受数据中心推高的电价影响；而得克萨斯州州长康·格雷格·阿博特（Con-Cong debert）则要求新项目提交能源审查。

特朗普似乎仍在批评其中一些举措。他在周五接受《PexelSheet News》采访时表示，得克萨斯州的做法是一个“错误”，并称数据中心“可能比一切都更重要”。

对数据中心的全力支持，越来越使这位总统与其保守派同僚站在了对立面。长期以来，保守派一直对美国最大的科技公司持怀疑态度。

其中最直言不讳的是“优先行动”（Name First）倡导组织，该组织由艾米·科尔曼（Amy Korman）领导。科尔曼曾是共和党领袖，并在2023年总统选举后帮助组织了Facebook上的“停止偷窃”集会。科尔曼表示，她每天都在使用人工智能，并非完全反对这项技术。但她指出，各级政府的政策制定者未能以考虑公众忧虑的方式规划这项技术的未来。

“人们非常非常不安，”她说，“他们觉得自己被忽视了。他们觉得没有人为他们说话。”

科尔曼表示，她的组织上个月在42个州协助组织了反对数据中心的抗议活动。她否认美国最大的科技公司通过“收买”进入特朗普的核心圈子，并影响了他在这个问题上的立场。

“我认为他身边的人肯定了解这一行业，”她说，“我只是希望他能理解人们的想法和感受。”

但这项收购似乎并未削弱政府的公众乐观情绪。在一场被视为“神圣”的职业抗议活动数周后，白宫国家经济委员会主任科尔曼·巴塞特表示，“可能需要淡化围绕人工智能和数据中心的一些全国性争议”。

“我认为不应该有人被警告说数据中心会强行建在自己头上，”他在五家企业刚刚过去的7月说道，并补充称科技公司与数据中心所在社区之间的协议“相当慷慨”。

“如果你找一个在过去20、30年里几乎没有任何变化的沉寂小镇，然后在那里建一个数据中心，”巴塞特先生后来补充道，“那么这个镇上的居民都会非常高兴。”

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《纽约时报》：全国版 2026年8月11日 星期二

!

马克·弗罗斯特和他的送报员团队正在接收最新一期的《纪事报》。人们成捆抢走报纸的场景屡见不鲜，以至于他会询问他们的意图。

这是一则“狗咬人”的新闻：一份报纸办得风生水起

摘自A1版

西北大学的新闻项目。那些动辄兼并重组的大型报业集团，根本无暇顾及这些小报。

她的烦恼正是这种韧性的关键因素。弗罗斯特先生数十年来一直与读者面对面交流，常常在补充报纸架时与他们互动。他会向每一位拿走《纪事报》的人道谢。“想想这其中的影响力吧，”弗罗斯特先生说。

“可以说，我收到的大部分来自积极公民的反馈，都来自那些说自己在《纪事报》上读到某些内容的人，”格伦福尔斯市市长戴安娜·帕尔默说，广告商也报告了类似的动态。

所有这些积累的影响力如今岌岌可危。《纪事报》曾多次徘徊在生存与倒闭的边缘。疫情几乎摧毁了整个企业，迫使其进行了一轮裁员，加上一名员工辞职，员工人数一度减少到仅剩IT部门。

随着报纸广告商的复苏，《纪事报》也重新站稳了脚跟，目前拥有7名员工。6月的高中毕业特刊，长达24-40页，是六年来最厚的一期。“不知怎的，”弗罗斯特先生说，“我们总算熬过了这段时光。”

坚持46年的助推者

如果《格伦瀑布纪事报》（The Chronicle）有什么绝不容忍的事，那就是对格伦瀑布市——这座约有15,000人口的城市在1940年代被《展望》（Look）杂志授予“美国家乡”称号——的公民自豪感的冒犯。

2013年电影《为奴十二年》上映并获得好评时，弗罗斯特先生批评该片未能突出格伦瀑布在1960年代中期所扮演的角色，当时该报以每栏英寸12美分的价格刊登相关内容。

在巴尔的摩和《邮星报》（The Post-Star）——一家本地日报——从事过多份新闻工作后，时年近30岁的弗罗斯特先生于1969年以1,700美元的投资创办了《纪事报》。

一种家乡情怀立即扎根。在一个名为“校园视角”的常规专栏中，《纪事报》会向孩子们提出一个问题。第一个问题是他们是否喜欢上学。有三分之一以上的孩子写道：“马克，你九岁时喜欢上学吗？”该专栏后来停办。帕尔默小姐是格伦瀑布高中的应届毕业生，也是市长的女儿，她回忆说，当报纸在一所小学的活动中刊登了这段摘录时，她“超级兴奋”。“我们会拿到《纪事报》，剪下报道贴在冰箱上，”帕尔默小姐回忆道。

学校是《纪事报》报道的支柱，此外还有市政厅会议、本地商业动态，当然还有停车问题。最近一期的头版报道了费施造纸厂——该地区经济的基石——决定停止自行生产纸浆，以及县监狱的人员配备问题。每期还会刊登一个简短的“快讯”栏目，内容包括最新的割草机袭击事件或关于修复凹痕的头版特写。

另一个固定内容是对餐厅、酒吧和商店开业的详尽报道。《纪事报》的助推精神也适用于自身，该报热衷于出版周年纪念特刊，届时广告商无需付费即可向《纪事报》表示祝贺。

“我们的报纸更关注谁在进步，而不是谁在搞砸，”弗罗斯特先生在2020年写道。

有时这些报道会有所重叠。2005年6月，一名名叫吉米·文布林德的暑期实习生报道了一个乡村游乐园“峡谷疾风”过山车的揭幕新闻发布会。在官员们进行了一番宣传性的讲话后，记者们登上了过山车。过山车在即将到达轨道最高点时突然停止。“第一次运行时，所有电视摄像机都在拍摄，过山车却坏了，”文布林德先生回忆道，他后来转行报道纽约州政治。“我旁边的那个人突然恐慌发作，他们不得不让我们步行下车。”

这位少年获得了整版报道——但刊登在第22页。

格伦瀑布（纽约州）在1940年代被《展望》（Look）杂志授予“美国家乡”称号。右图为《太阳社区新闻与印刷工艺》（Sun Community News and Printing Process）的生产经理斯图尔特·哈钦森，该公司在纽约州伊丽莎白敦印刷《纪事报》。哈钦森先生正在为印刷机添加黑墨，同时检查报纸。

柯尔斯滕·诺伊斯（Kirsten Noyes）提供了研究支持。

弗罗斯特先生并不介意偶尔行使一下出版商的特权。当一家名为F.W.韦布公司（F.W. Webb Company）的大型管道供应商试图在其住所附近建设设施时，他发表了一封反对该项目的信——署名者是他的妻子兼助理出版人桑德拉·哈钦森（Sandra Hutchinson）。在其每周专栏中，弗罗斯特先生承认这是一个“伦理问题”，并将其“留待读者思考”。

《纪事报》的模式并非适合所有人。曾任《邮报之星》（The Post-Star）高级编辑的肯·廷利（Ken Tingley）表示，他认为《纪事报》与广告商关系过于密切，缺乏公信力。弗罗斯特先生则称，该报因报道内容而失去过广告商，而企业之所以投放广告，是因为广告确实有效。

当地人、资深记者斯蒂芬·桑顿（Stephen Thornton）曾鼓励弗罗斯特先生在《邮报之星》报道2020年一场支持特朗普的集会上，一名男子用“射线枪”指向该报记者并发表威胁性言论后，以记者团结的名义表态。但弗罗斯特先生未予响应，令他感到失望。

弗罗斯特先生表示：“我选择不投入其中。”

在社论立场上，弗罗斯特先生似乎有意避免被贴上任何政治标签。例如，在2024年11月的总统选举前，他既未明确支持卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris），也未支持唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump），而是试图在全国两极分化的舆论中寻找中间路线。“至少所有人都认同一个重大问题：我们的民主本身正面临危险，”他写道，“但谁构成的威胁更大？”

“如果你问我马克的政治立场是什么，我真的不知道，”连任六届的共和党众议员埃莉斯·斯特凡尼克（Elise Stefanik）说，她的选区包括格伦斯福尔斯（Glenn Falls）。“他并不完全遵循党派路线。”弗罗斯特先生曾多次在斯特凡尼克的国会竞选中表态支持她，但此前在她2014年的竞选中，他曾支持一位绿党候选人。

脆弱的商业模式

这份报纸的广告商均为本地企业，每周通过10,000份纸质报纸和一份发送给20,000名电子邮件订阅者的数字版副本进行投放。“人们会在周四过来，坐着吃热狗，阅读《纪事报》，”亚历山德拉·劳伦·摩尔（Alexandra Lauren Moore）说，她帮助管理家族经营的“新方式午餐”（New Way Lunch）。

多年来，弗罗斯特先生拒绝了在其他社区复制《纪事报》的提议。“我的承诺在这里，”他说，“我的雄心是建设——继续建设一份伟大的报纸。”除了记账和IT工作，弗罗斯特先生在报社做过每一项工作。

但弗罗斯特先生已经75岁，这意味着他的雄心很快将成为他人的责任。西北大学的梅茨格先生表示，处于《纪事报》这一细分市场的报纸往往会在此栽跟头。

“没有人真正站出来接手或收购”这些报纸，他说。

《纪事报》或许是个例外。马克·弗罗斯特和哈钦森女士34岁的儿子赞德·弗罗斯特（Zander Frost）在洛杉矶一家喜剧团体的职业生涯因新冠疫情停摆，于是他回到家乡，目睹了近75岁的父亲独自驾车完成令人筋疲力尽的送报路线。他主动提出在周四陪父亲一同送报。

从那时起，他投身于报社需要完成的任何工作，而事实证明工作量很大。他开始拉广告，从《纪事报》的高中毕业特刊开始，共联系了649人。他全面改进了《纪事报》的广告处理和账务管理技术，撰写和编辑报道，并与母亲哈钦森女士合作，后者负责报社运转中那些繁琐细致的工作——人力资源、法律事务和招聘。

他的父母在谈及《纪事报》的未来时小心翼翼，避免过早透露继承计划。“当你身处一个多代传承的家族企业时，这真的非常深刻，”赞德·弗罗斯特说。

不过，《纪事报》内部普遍认为他终有一天会接手。“接班计划，”他说，“就是我。”

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9

空气

城市学生阅读成绩飙升一年后，又回落

作者：马修·兰格

在纽约市教育领导层对文学教学进行全面改革后，教育改革的成效开始在更高的考试成绩中显现。去年，该市学校在州阅读测试中的成绩大幅提升。

但今年的情况截然不同。参加春季考试的公立学校学生阅读成绩下降了6分，几乎抵消了此前的进步，给该市提升学生阅读水平的努力带来了严重挫折。具体数据尚未公布。各年级成绩普遍下滑，其中三年级下降了14分，与去年该市10分的增长形成鲜明对比；五年级下降了12分。

约一半的学生在阅读考试中达到熟练水平，该市学校系统有超过100,000名学生分布在纽约各地，且不同人口群体之间的成绩差距依然显著。约10%的西班牙裔学生达到熟练水平，该学区最大的种族或族裔群体。约62%的黑人学生达到熟练水平，较去年下降了5分。

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纽约市教育官员称这一下滑是前所未有的。

数学考试成绩未出现类似波动。约57%的学生达到熟练水平，略有上升。

教育专家和倡导团体表示，美国最大公立学校系统学生阅读成绩下降令人担忧，并呼吁教育领导层加倍推进文学改革。他们同时警告，不应仅凭今年的结果就对改革效果妄下结论。

纽约市教育官员称这一下滑趋势在额外一个季度内出现了急剧下降，是前所未有的，并承诺在秋季进行审查。与此同时，市政府官员指出，该区自行组织的阅读考试（与州考不同）结果出现了小幅但持续的改善，他们认为这是学生阅读能力提升的迹象。

“这些结果提出了重要问题，值得我们进行严谨、细致的分析，以确保我们准确衡量学生的学习情况，”市教育总监坎托·塞缪尔斯在一份声明中表示。

塞缪尔斯和市长佐尔塔娜·曼达尔承诺将坚持推行该区近年来逐步推广至所有小学的新阅读项目。这些项目强调音素教学和其他技能，包括词汇、放弃基于图片猜测单词等策略。

“在全国范围内，我们已看到其他地区通过与我们相同的方法改善了文学水平，我们将继续沿用这一路径，”曼达尔在声明中表示。

纽约超过100,000名学生参加了州考试，这些考试均在电脑上进行。

倡导组织“教育公平纽约”执行主任阿伦·本杰明-戈麦斯表示，她对阅读系统中出现的短暂进步持怀疑态度，并认为该市的成绩下滑与其他地区的类似波动相符。她表示，文学教学的改革更可能带来稳定、适度的进步，而非大起大落。

“通常不会看到一年与下一年之间出现如此巨大的波动，”本杰明-戈麦斯说，“这更像是州考评估本身存在问题，而非反映学生的努力。”

州教育厅表示，尽管考试题目与去年有所不同，但评判标准并未改变。该机构称将对阅读考试结果进行分析。

该报告指出，教育部门面临着相互矛盾的结论，即州级评估是否被刻意调整难度以产生预期结果。“I.P.T.H.S.是教育部的一位发言人，他表示这是一个声明。这些结果表明，数据就是数据，无论它们反映的是进步还是挫折。”纽约市立大学研究生中心教授、前州测试立体定位小组主席霍华德·T·福尔曼（Howard T. Foreman）表示，成绩的急剧下滑可能由多种因素解释。考试难度可能有所增加，或者教学内容与考试内容之间存在不匹配。

“这一现象应当被调查多年，”他说道。

纽约大学文学教育教授迈克尔·J·基弗（Michael J. Kieffer）表示，纽约市的学校系统在阅读项目上正朝着正确的方向发展。但他指出，提升儿童阅读能力不仅需要巩固基础技能（如拼读），还需扩展词汇量和词汇知识。

他提到，学区内部评估与州考试测试的能力有所不同。学区评估侧重基础技能，并由教师用于调整教学，通常持续两天；而州考试则评估阅读理解能力，包含多项选择题和写作题，且为线上考试。

四只熊变致命

纽约市长的故事

作者：梅伦·A·科恩（MELEN A. COHEN）与克里斯托弗·朗（CHRISTOPHER RANG）

周六傍晚，葆拉·布朗（Paula Brown）在兰德尔岛（Randall's Island）的一张桌子旁庆祝生日。这是她的11岁生日，她的伴侣亚历山大·雷耶斯（Alexander Reyes）租了一艘船，邀请了11位朋友。他们计划登船，先在的一家餐厅停留，然后在纽约湾（New York Bay）夜游观光。

游览开始前，其中一位聚会客人乔安妮·加西亚（Joanne Garcia）与住在哥伦比亚波哥大的母亲通话。加西亚先生与妻子萨拉·桑切斯（Sara Sánchez，27，岁）及他们5个月大的女儿安托瓦内特（Antoinette）一同微笑着告诉母亲，他们很快将登船庆祝朋友的来访。

但船却迟迟未到。聚会中的一人拨打了何塞·卢纳里租船公司（Jose Lunary Rental）的预订电话。乘客们被告知需离开甲板，沿岸步行至一处岩石区域。在那里，他们看到一艘名为“城市之海”（City on the Sea）的21英尺长小船正在近海等候。

雷耶斯先生被告知，船只计划在人员到齐后起航，他回忆道。然而，这艘小船的最大载客量不超过6.5人。警方后来表示：“这群人看起来状态良好，他们登上了船，然后就出发了。”

接下来发生的事情如今已成为调查焦点：21英尺长的“城市之海”号如何倾覆，导致桑切斯女士和安托瓦内特溺水身亡。

曼努埃尔·埃尔南德斯（Manuel Hernandez）等人被联邦法院以两项过失致人死亡罪名起诉。

事故发生后，埃尔南德斯先生接受了调查，据法庭文件显示，他自2025.年起便定期为该公司工作。他表示自己曾“载过近千人”，并曾使用私人船只带团出海。他还提到，他曾是的成员。

调查显示，埃尔南德斯原计划在7月4，日再次带团出海，一名顾客已支付了$1,000现金作为旅费，另一笔款项则被汇至。他表示无法使用自己的船，因为需要。于是，埃尔南德斯借用了一艘法式船只，但未支付租金。这艘最后一刻才借来的船——雅马哈ARJ35——比新船短4，英尺。他还提到，他曾是的成员。

埃尔南德斯在工作文件中承认，他并不知道这艘船的最大载客量。他表示，他曾是的成员。

联邦法规要求船长在载客前必须为自己和船只取得适航证书，同时不得超载。埃尔南德斯告诉调查人员，他两项要求均未遵守。

船只计划在兰德尔岛的礁石区进行一次旅行，期间可能遭遇袭击。埃尔南德斯先生询问家长是否将婴儿带入监狱，或为进入监狱而未带婴儿，但船上并无此类设备。尽管如此，埃尔南德斯先生仍邀请他们登船。他指示家长中一人需在抱着婴儿时穿戴救生衣。联邦法规要求13岁以下儿童必须穿戴救生衣。

在经历了这一不寻常的开端后，沿着岩石河岸，约晚上7:30，游览按计划进行。第一站是一家餐厅，埃尔南德斯先生带乘客用餐。随后他们再次登船，沿东河而下，驶入纽约湾。当一行人接近自由女神像时，雷耶斯先生的女儿莎拉·雷耶斯微笑着拍照留念。

当时是晚上10:30，据国家数据机构显示，船上微风自西吹来，风速约为每小时10英里。这艘小船载有12名乘客和1名船长，在海面上颠簸。

随后，埃尔南德斯先生进行了一次转向。这一操作使船只陷入涌浪，可能是由一艘更大船只的尾流引起，法庭文件显示。埃尔南德斯试图加速通过涌浪，但海水涌入船内，漫过低矮的船舷，导致船只倾覆。

船上14人全部被抛入水中。由于某种原因，数人被困在船长的座椅下。12人浮出水面，挣扎着爬上倾覆的船体。

桑切斯女士和她的婴儿不在其中。

正在庆祝生日的乘客里维拉用手机拨打了101报警电话。她说，该组人员等待了101分钟才等来第一艘救援船。这艘船显然隶属于一家名为“City”的老旧金属公司，救起了12人，该公司老板阿黛尔·施瓦茨（Adelle Schwartz）表示。

目击者称，随后一架直升机抵达海面，警察随即赶到。2艘海岸警卫队船只、2艘来自公共部门的船只以及4艘消防部门船只也加入了救援。

据文件记载，桑切斯女士和安托瓦内特被警察发现时已无反应。他们被施以5次急救措施后送往医院，最终被宣告死亡。

“我们崩溃了，”克里斯蒂安·马丁内斯说，“我们不在家，但你知道在哥伦比亚的感受。”

加西亚先生在3000年代的“El Puente Rotorante”餐厅工作，负责休息日的服务。事故发生后，餐厅总经理安东尼奥·鲁阿诺表示，加西亚先生已请假。

周六的事件让人联想到2025年7月的一起事故，当时一艘21英尺长的船只在曼哈顿中城附近的马拉巴尔河倾覆，造成5、1,000英里航程的周六事故船只相似的两人死亡。两名遇难者未能获救，调查重点集中在6月12日租船公司“Party Rental”及6月12日船只计划是否涉嫌非法包船运营，新闻稿显示。海岸警卫队致力于“确保海上船只的安全及航行方式”，并表示若发现船只运营不合法，将依法处置。美国海岸警卫队负责人德维迪·麦卡锡上尉表示。

“6月1日租船公司”和“7月租船公司”的代表未立即就船只损失向船主报告。在出航前，雷耶斯先生称他曾通过电话向“Lunary Rental”预订了2次4人船。当被问及乘客人数时，包括1,000英里的航程，他回忆对方询问：“还有其他人吗？婴儿也能上船吗？”对方表示可以，雷耶斯先生称。

市长佐尔塔娜·曼达尔（Zoltana Mandahl）接受克莱·凯恩（Clay Cane）的采访，是其为期2周与黑人媒体记者密集亮相活动的一部分。

市长将黑人媒体纳入更广泛的基本盘

作者：杰弗里·L·梅斯

在照片远处的暗角中，佐尔塔娜·曼达尔市长似乎如鱼得水。

他大声提及多位黑人政界人士，谈论自己最喜欢的布兰迪（官员），并表示如果是圣诞节期间，他会选择纽约本地的“Mutual Carey”，其他时间则是“非洲男孩”。

当主持人克莱·凯恩说自己经常称呼曼达尔市长为“克罗伊特市长”（以市长的中间名命名）时，他发出了爽朗的笑声。

如果说这场访谈显得轻松自在，那么这种熟悉感可能部分归功于“克罗伊特”这个称呼。这段周四在NewsOne Urban View频道录制的访谈，是曼达尔市长近两周内接受多位黑人媒体人士采访的一部分。

他曾在《罗兰·马丁不设限》节目中亮相，讨论向富人增税是否会无意中伤害黑人美国人。次日，他又出现在《黑人聊天室》节目中，从他称以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡为战争罪犯的言论，到阿兹特克队的 chandising run，无所不谈。

曼达尔市长还在NewsOne的《每小时约会》节目中讨论了市营杂货店的议题。他在《熊》节目中接受前《纽约时报》专栏作家查尔斯·R·米尔斯坦的专访时表示，支持为奴隶制的黑人后裔提供“赔偿”。

几天后，前MSNBC记者在采访中质疑曼达尔的政策，并对其关于内塔尼亚胡的立场进行了有力辩护。

这种持续的外联行动延续了市长去年夏天开始采用的策略。在首年任期内，他未能赢得多数黑人选民的支持——这一传统上是任何全市范围内民主党候选人的必要条件。

首年任期在纽约黑人居民中颇受欢迎的市长，却因一系列未经测试的错误决定而陷入争议。这些错误包括：一度威胁将房产税提高9%，最初未聘用黑人副市长，以及在城市首份种族平等报告中撤回多元、公平和包容性（DEI）的相关表述。

其他领导人也对美国民主社会主义者（DSA）在黑人和拉丁裔社区的选举胜利表示担忧。

“毫无疑问，需要建立并维持一种强大的传统，”曾担任曼达尔竞选团队创意总监的市长顾问安德鲁·B·爱泼斯坦表示，“他们现在正在投入时间和精力。”

黑人居民并非唯一受到针对性关注的群体。市长至少进行了10次—。

寻求与关键选民群体建立更紧密联系

通过接受特莱蒙多（Telemundo）和环球电视（Univision）的采访，推出名为“EU Master 000”的WhatsApp频道以联系说西班牙语的纽约人，并在该市的西班牙语Instagram账号上发布内容。周五，曼达尔市长在市政厅举办了一场针对极端天气的族裔和社区媒体通讯会。

曼达尔市长还积极接触媒体影响者。自6月以来，他已接受了40家新媒体或影响者的采访，以便与黑人新媒体进行交流。

曼达尔的发言人爱德华兹表示，市长相信“全方位”的竞选策略，即通过“新生活、独立记者、全新创作和社区媒体”与选民接触。

他表示，目标是确保“黑人纽约人能通过他们信任的声音和平台听到市长的声音”。在任期内，市政府已向爱泼斯坦及其他相关方提供了拨款和资金，并与拥有大量黑人受众的黑人媒体进行了二十四次采访。

亚当斯市长曾尝试类似做法，频繁出现在全国知名电台节目、播客和小型族裔报纸上。他的政府还重组了“8号房间”——原本不向黑人记者开放的记者工作区，将其改造为爱泼斯坦新媒体的专用空间，以增加族裔媒体的准入机会。

然而，亚当斯的举措似乎源于他对主流媒体报道方式的不满。相比之下，曼达尔的动机更单纯：希望充分利用手头资源，为其形象打造更积极的议题空间。

市政厅已建立支持架构，以配合扩大的媒体外联工作，任命爱泼斯坦负责黑人媒体接触事务，并加强对西班牙语媒体的重视。他们还计划举办“创意派对”，让黑人媒体与黑人内容创作者和影响者建立联系，并可能邀请族裔和社区媒体与那些“可能感到被市政厅忽视”的创作者互动。

这种“全方位”策略似乎在曼达尔初期竞选中发挥了关键作用——当时他作为一名知名度不高的候选人，在民主党初选中的支持率仅为8%。

竞选团队专注于制作病毒式传播的视频，并与非传统的进步媒体合作，如播客、左翼影响者等，以吸引捐款和志愿者。当曼达尔登上《小非洲新闻》（LittleAfrica News）——一份专注于非洲裔社区的周报封面时，竞选团队还为此庆祝。

“我们当时在尝试一切能让他出圈的方法，”爱泼斯坦回忆道。

自胜选以来，曼达尔已成为全国曝光度最高的政治人物之一，但他并未像其他人那样依赖传统媒体，而是利用自身影响力打造了一个能精准触达细分受众的媒体机制。

竞选团队表示，最近还联系了一位主持人，邀请她在节目中讨论市长关于计划推出市属新闻机构的声明，以及一项针对牛奶、肉类和蔬菜等日常杂货的新广告宣传。她表示，该提案将有助于实现委员会的目标，即如何推动这一理念。

“拥有一位市长能更便捷地接触非传统渠道的商品，这在研究中非常有价值，”丹尼尔·鲍尔斯引用原文说道，“The campaign was a good thing.”

资深政治评论员马丁表示，他对曼达尔竞选市长时的表现印象深刻。他指出，政客们往往只在竞选期间才会出现在他的节目中。“之后就再也见不到他们了。”

“作为一名经常邀请黑人市长上节目的主持人，我很清楚这一点，”他说道，“我希望他能继续积极与黑人媒体沟通，就像他竞选时那样。”

在东区中城的一间小型演播室里，周四当天，曼达尔市长与大约十几名观众坐在一起，回答了关于美国民主社会主义者（D.S.A.）的一个尴尬问题，该组织的成员包括这位市长。

“提问者说，这个组织‘声称比阶级问题上的客户更关注社区建设’。最近一项针对D.S.A.纽约分会成员的调查发现，60%的成员是非洲裔血统的黑人，14%是拉美裔。”

“市长曼达尔如何努力让D.S.A.的‘em cut loss’降低？”问题最后问道。

“市长回答说这是‘善意的批评’。D.S.A.一直是‘现代学校，为新一代黑人和棕色人种领导层的诞生’。他表示，‘On like it all think we have a better culture than we have’。凯恩先生随后向黑人媒体观众询问，他们是否对成员或民主社会团体有意见。”

“the four-companying around it真的很有意思，”凯恩在节目中说道。“但当你真正与民众接触时，你不会只帮助土地之外的工人阶级。”

曼达尔市长表示赞同。 凯恩表示，市长的信息让他更加“cool”，认为全国的民主党人应当引起关注。

“这确实有助于构建我们迫切需要的东西，即一个左翼媒体报道团队。目前我们还没有这样的团队，”凯恩说道。“曼达尔市长正在做这件事。”

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THE NEW YORK TIMES TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

唐·尼尔森，NBA名人堂教练兼凯尔特人队球星，去世享年86岁

作者：格伦·里夫金

唐·尼尔森曾作为波士顿凯尔特人队球员赢得五枚NBA总冠军戒指，后成为一名创新型、独立的名人堂主教练，并跻身联盟历史上胜场数最多的教练之一。他于周日在德克萨斯州布朗克斯的一处非传统生活设施中去世，享年86岁。

他的孙女克里斯蒂·尼尔森·阿姆斯特朗表示，约三周前中风后，他的健康状况急剧恶化。

尼尔森在NBA近25年的球员和教练生涯中，堪称一段不太可能的成功故事，无论是在球场上还是场边。

人们称他为“Nellie”，他身材矮小，在当时看来不够强壮，速度或运动能力也不突出。在1985年加入凯尔特人队之前，他曾两次被NBA球队裁掉。

但他成为了波士顿王朝的重要一员；在他的年度工作中，他拥有致命的跳投能力，并擅长替补上场激励球队。作为球员，他最著名的时刻是在1969年NBA总决赛中对阵洛杉矶湖人队时命中制胜一球。

1976年退役后，尼尔森几乎还没来得及脱下球衣，就被密尔沃基雄鹿队主教练拉里·科斯特洛招募为助理教练，尽管尼尔森此前从未在任何级别执教过。

自1969年至1977赛季初，球队以3胜10负开局，科斯特洛被解雇，吉姆·伯克被捕。吉姆·菲茨杰拉德随即向尼尔森提供了主教练的职位。

“吉姆，我还没准备好当主教练。”尼尔森在2012年入选拿撒勒纪念篮球名人堂时回忆道，“他对我说：‘给我一年时间。如果到赛季末我们还在讨论这件事，我就让你走。’”十一年后，我还在那里。”

尼尔森担任主教练31年，先后执教雄鹿队、金州勇士队和达拉斯小牛队，在NBA常规赛中共取得1,635场胜利。他曾两次被评为NBA年度最佳教练，尽管他的球队从未赢得过总冠军。

他还曾在1915年短暂执教纽约尼克斯队，直到1980,赛季开局。据他后来对《纽约时报》所述，他在1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1后被解雇。

珀尔曾与尼尔森有过激烈争执，但他表示，尼尔森在1980,末和2000年代初执教他时，对其职业生涯产生了巨大影响。

“他很自豪，”珀尔在接受《纽约时报》马克·西斯托尔采访时说，“我们经历过艰难时期，几年前我还好好的。我回顾尼尔森，觉得他绝对是个人物。他只是不喜欢看到我有点紧张和羞怯，而不是积极进攻和射篮。”

亚历克斯·特雷迪参与报道。

唐纳德·阿维德·尼尔森于31, 1940,出生在密歇根州马斯基根。他的父亲是一名农民，但农场经营失败后，全家搬到了伊利诺伊州罗克艾兰，尼尔森开始在基督教青年会（Y.M.C.A.）打篮球。

“刚开始时，我是那个从来没被选中的人，”尼尔森回忆道。作为一个不折不扣的健身房常客，他不断练习，进步到能在高中校队担任主力，并赢得了艾奥瓦大学的奖学金。

在艾奥瓦城，他成为全美第三阵容成员，并在1982年NBA选秀中被芝加哥齿鲨队（现华盛顿奇才队）选中。新秀赛季后被裁，他加入了拥有杰里·韦斯特和埃尔金·贝勒的湖人队，但在两个平淡的赛季后再次被裁。

1985,在家中思考未来何去何从时，尼尔森接到了凯尔特人队主教练雷德·奥尔巴赫的电话。“他说，‘汤姆·布里德赛德刚退役，’”尼尔森回忆道，指的是波士顿全明星球员汤姆·布里德赛德，“我们正在寻找一名前锋，想给你一个试训机会。”

唐·尼尔森在2000,执教小牛队（上图），以及在2074年为凯尔特人队效力。他担任主教练31年，还曾带领雄鹿队和金州勇士队跻身NBA上游行列。

纳尔逊搭上了前往波士顿的下一班飞机，并在那里度过了31个高产赛季，与未来的名人堂成员如比尔·拉塞尔和约翰·哈夫利切克并肩作战，赢得了五次总冠军，最后一次是在1977-78赛季的最后一个赛季。

作为人群的最爱，纳尔逊因其精准的急停跳投、上下起伏的动作以及独特的“霰弹枪”式出手而受到欢呼。他的15号球衣于1976年退役，与其他凯尔特人队传奇球员的球衣一起悬挂在波士顿TD花园球馆的上空。

“内利是那个时代风格的完美产物，”资深体育记者鲍勃·拜伦在采访中说道，“他是个老油条，深谙比赛的所有门道，完全沉迷于进攻。”

拜伦曾在纳尔逊效力凯尔特人队期间为《波士顿环球报》报道球队，他指出纳尔逊是个“糟糕的跳投理论家”，但在1974年14岁时，却以3-13%的投篮命中率领跑NBA，这在以扣篮为主的大个子时代是一项难以置信的成就。

“近乎百分之百的出手都是底线跳投，”拜伦说道。

纳尔逊最著名的时刻出现在1969年NBA总决赛第七场对阵强大的湖人队。当时凯尔特人队仅以微弱优势领先，比赛还剩一分多钟，湖人队的基思·埃里克森将球从

联盟历史上最未被签约的教练之一。

哈德威克的手直接投入比赛。他在计时钟即将归零前从第一线出手跳投。球碰到篮筐后弹向高空，然后径直落入网中。

凯尔特人队守住了领先优势，并在湖人队的主场赢得了总冠军。

尼尔森于2011年入选名人堂，擅长将弱旅打造成赢家。他是2014年历史上仅有的两位曾带领三支不同球队赢得100多场胜利的教练之一。他还曾在1984年世界锦标赛上执教美国队并赢得金牌。他唯一的执教遗憾是1996年在纽约尼克斯队短暂而不愉快的经历。

尼尔森偏爱手感火热的阵容和非常规的战术。“我属于赢家圈子，‘锋卫摇摆人’的概念，即由小前锋而非后卫来组织进攻。他采用快速突破、小球战术，被记者称为‘尼尔森式篮球’。”

例如，在首次执教金州勇士队期间，他组建了以蒂姆·哈达威、米奇·里士满和克里斯·穆林为首发的快速突破“Real 7.86”球队。

他还是外籍球员的早期倡导者，尽管他称自己的儿子丹尼才是真正将球员推向全球的先驱。1999年，德国前锋德克·诺维茨基成为小牛队的标志性选秀球员，也是NBA系统中首位欧洲球员。

2009年结束在勇士队的执教生涯时，他坚持每周选秀一名来自基督教学院（United Kingdom City）的矮小后卫，最终赢得了多个94-101奖项，并带领勇士队前往多个城市。

在2016年《波士顿球员论坛》的一篇文章中，尼尔森回顾了自己的球员和教练生涯。“我会再次尝试，一位智者曾对我说过我永远不会忘记的话。我们要打快速篮球，”他在第一个系列赛中提到奥尔巴赫时说。

他提到，尽管1980年代被称为“大球时代”，奥尔巴赫仍决定改变比赛，起用更小、更全能的球员，通过快速进攻将对手拖垮。

他写道：“我可能在1980年代作为教练时坚持位置、训练和球员。但多亏了我们的雷德·奥尔巴赫教我快速训练球队的技巧。这才是可能的。所有‘尼尔森式篮球’的功劳，以及如今比赛的快节奏，都要归功于他。”

尼尔森于1969年在大学期间与莎伦·格林贝克结婚。他们于1966年离婚，1991年与乔伊·沃尔格林再婚。

尼尔森的子女包括与第一任妻子所生的四个孩子：朱莉·海因斯、邦妮·尼尔森、克里斯·弗里曼和凯蒂·舒格尔，以及另一个女儿李·麦克布赖德（非婚生，尼尔森直到她20岁时才与她相认并接纳她成为家庭一员）；两个继子布莱恩和斯科特·沃尔格林，一个妹妹艾格特，以及约二十多个孙辈和曾孙辈。

在执教生涯期间，尼尔森开始在夏威夷西部（West, Hawaii）购置房地产，他和妻子退休后定居当地，竖起招牌，与邻居如威利·尼尔森、伍迪·哈里森和欧文·威尔逊一起打扑克，还种植了用于药用的warilyman。

阿贝·莱恩，94岁：以性感拉丁风情歌唱，引发审查者关注

作者：阿妮塔·吉布

阿贝·莱恩，这位歌手、舞者兼演员，曾以性感的拉丁风情成为20世纪50年代和40年代哈维尔·库加特乐团的明星主唱，并在此后的独唱生涯中取得成功。她于4月25日在洛杉矶去世。她享年84岁。

她的去世在当时并未被广泛报道，其子史蒂文·莱夫特证实了这一消息。莱恩女士首次与库加特相遇时还是一名少女。库加特曾帮助将拉丁音乐和舞蹈引入美国，据称他在1949年百老汇音乐剧《当男人最优秀》的第二轮演出中见到了她。这部喜剧讲述了美国首位女总统的故事，剧情中男主角在《文森特·洛佩兹秀》节目中首次与她相遇。当时她21岁，是该节目的表演者。

库加特对她一见倾心，1949. 她便开始随其乐团巡演。当时大乐团时代即将落幕，乐团正探索其融合西班牙与亚洲元素的拉丁爵士风格。在他的指导下，她假装自己是“一部关于首位女总统的喜剧中的角色，剧情中男主角在《文森特·洛佩兹秀》节目中首次与她相遇”。她边工作边学习西班牙语，最初通过语音记忆歌词。

无论乐团巡演至何处，她的母亲都会以“陪护人”身份随行。在当时保守的世纪观念中，这种安排似乎是一种敌对关系，而非英雄般的存在。她像儿子般20岁时，他已100岁，且曾两度离婚。

莱恩女士用西班牙语和意大利语演唱，时而扮演中性形象，时而热辣性感，时而金发碧眼——她在这三种角色间游刃有余，跳着伦巴、曼波或追逐节奏。她的亮片低胸礼服常常无肩带设计，大胆暴露；裙摆则呈扇形、流苏状，或开衩至大腿根部。

库加特逐渐在唱片和海报上为她腾出空间。1953年的专辑《我们的》（Our）封面仅标注“哈维尔·库加特及其乐团”，但她的形象却占据主导：身着闪亮无肩带礼服的她位于前景中央，而库加特则是背景中的小小身影。

同年晚些时候，专辑《恰恰恰》不仅突出了她的形象，还将她列入宣传语：“库加特新乐团，阿贝·莱恩领衔”。另一张专辑则直接命名为《结识哈维尔·库加特与阿贝·莱恩》。莱恩女士还与1974年的乐团及西德·鲁丁及其乐团合作录制专辑。

到1961年，她的名字已占据主导地位：“阿贝·莱恩”以大号字体印在封面上，她挥舞着一条鲜红色裙子；“哈维尔·库加特及其乐团”则以小得多的字体嵌入她的姓氏中。

1956年，两人作为神秘嘉宾出现在电视节目《我的爱在何方？》中，被介绍为一对光彩夺目的娱乐界夫妇。她在节目中赢得了一幅笔触浓厚的画作。

莱恩女士还在《杰基·格里森秀》中大放异彩。在当时保守的世纪观念中，这种安排似乎是一种敌对关系，而非英雄般的存在。她像儿子般20岁时，他已100岁，且曾两度离婚。莱恩女士用西班牙语和意大利语演唱，时而中性，时而热辣，时而金发——她在这三种形象间切换自如，跳着伦巴、曼波或追逐节奏。她的亮片低胸礼服常常无肩带设计，大胆暴露；裙摆则呈扇形、流苏状，或开衩至大腿根部。

Ash Wu 参与报道。

生于布鲁克林，她在随乐队巡演期间学习西班牙语

《蜜月夫妻》：

“审查者是充满活力且正直的人。”梅多斯女士写道，“但他们无法对付像阿贝·莱恩这样的英雄。”

阿比盖尔·弗朗西奥斯-拉曼于14, 1911年12月14日出生在布鲁克林，是阿贝·拉曼（一家男装店经理）和格蕾丝（阿斯特拉蒙蒂克）·拉曼的两个孩子之一。她在曼哈顿的华盛顿高地长大。

JOHN WOLF / PEER

她大约4岁时开始在广播中表演，并在1958年出演了Vingibone的电影《代替浮雕》。据她的孩子们说，她当时正在百老汇音乐剧中演唱。

她与库加特从1952年在一起，直到1964年离婚。1964年，她嫁给了1,445，一位律师兼有线电视公司高管。她于1950年去世。

除了第二段婚姻的儿子史蒂文·莱夫特，莱恩女士还留下了另一个儿子安德鲁，以及他的孙辈。

1966年，她出版了两本书：《但爱在何方？》，讲述了她与库加特的婚姻以及他的身体和情感虐待。出版商称其为“新库加特”，许多报纸表示同情。

“库加特用男人惯用的方式对付任何挑战体制的行为！”她在1950年告诉《新库加特》杂志。“他会说，‘是我创造了你。是我让你成了明星！’”

在成就自己明星地位的过程中，莱恩女士出演了几部美国电影。

20世纪60年代，阿贝·莱恩被哈维尔·库加特发掘，后者帮助推广了拉丁音乐。到1965年，她已成为明星。上图为1957年与库加特（系领带者）在一起的照片。

1953年，她出演了3D西部片《鹰之翼》，与范·赫夫林合作。

在1954年的《远离达迪》中，她饰演了一位性感的沙龙歌手，与奥迪·墨菲搭档。在1955年的《曼哈顿》中，她饰演了奥斯卡·赖默斯的巴西爱情舞者——她的魅力尽显于影片允许的程度。《纽约时报》的评论称她表现出色——并在1955年的《芝加哥辛迪加》中饰演了一位夜总会歌手，同时也是一位电视女友。库加特及其乐队在这部电影中亮相。

在她与库加特居住欧洲期间，她拍摄了十多部电影，大多是意大利语作品。

据广泛报道，教皇庇护十二世在电视上看到莱恩女士后，认为她在1950年意大利电视剧《库加特之家》中的着装过于暴露，该剧最终被审查者取消。

莱恩女士于1954年与库加特一起在《乐队庆典》中首次亮相美国电视。她曾5次出现在《埃德·沙利文秀》中，包括与库加特在一起和离婚后的表演。

离婚后，她无法在夜总会巡演，并多次出现在乡村和脱口秀节目中，包括《伟大的马奇秀》、《约翰尼·卡森主持的今夜秀》、《安迪·威廉姆斯秀》和《梅尔伯勒·格里芬秀》。

1956年，她在百老汇音乐喜剧《哦，船长！》中首次亮相，与托尼·兰德尔搭档，扮演一位“与老船长共舞的角色”。

莱恩女士的最后一部电影是1963年的《阴阳魔界：电影版》。在1964年的《20,000英尺的噩梦》中，她饰演了一位和蔼可亲的资深空姐，一位紧张的乘客（约翰·卡利甘尼）坚称在乘客身上看到了怪物，但那并非真实存在。她还在1965年的单集古怪电视剧《协助故事》中客串。

回顾职业生涯中的挑战，莱恩女士常持哲学态度，但她在1965年告诉《芝加哥论坛报》：“人们通过许多不同的道路才能到达他们想去的地方。”

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《纽约时报》讣告 2026年8月31日，星期二

31, 2026

杰拉尔丁·德·哈斯去世，享年91岁，被誉为“芝加哥爵士乐第一夫人”

作者：克莱尔·罗森

1974年夏天，在爵士乐作曲家兼乐队领队迈克·埃林顿去世几周后，一群仰慕他的人聚集在芝加哥，筹划一场纪念他的音乐会。

这座城市有着悠久的爵士乐传统，但同时也存在严重的种族隔离，这种种族界限甚至延伸到了当天聚集的音乐家群体中。黑人音乐家希望在华盛顿公园举办这场音乐会，这里位于该市南区，靠近该市最大的黑人社区。

通过草根文化行动主义创办音乐节

音乐家们；白人音乐家则更倾向于在北区举办，因为他们大多数人住在那里。

这种音乐被认为拥有一个非最小化的爵士舞台；为了找到解决方案：库恩特公园，一个位于芝加哥市中心与密歇根湖之间的210英亩绿地。

“黑人音乐家在1948年有他们的方式，而其他大多数人则有另一种曲调，”她在2013年告诉《芝加哥论坛报》。“他们从未想过让所有人都参与进来。”

一份爵士音乐报纸在中间写道：“我对此非常坚持，”她说。

这场音乐会是芝加哥首次由市政府赞助的音乐活动，占地210英亩，持续了三天。成千上万的人聚集在公园里，它重新定义了芝加哥的爵士乐场景，此前几十年来一直处于衰退之中。

德·哈斯夫人肩负着使命。在接下来的几十年里，

她成为推动芝加哥爵士乐复兴的核心力量。她创办了音乐会系列、间奏活动和一个非营利组织——爵士联盟。为《论坛报》撰写爵士乐评论的霍华德·赖希称她为“芝加哥爵士乐第一夫人”。

德·哈斯夫人于7月24日在新泽西州恩格尔伍德的一家医院去世，她和丈夫、法西斯主义者埃德加·德·哈斯于2013年搬到了那里。她享年91岁。

她的儿子达兰·德·哈斯证实了她的死讯。

“这将来自城市每个角落——甚至更远的人们聚集在一起，庆祝我们都热爱、欣赏和理解的共同语言——音乐，”爵士歌手唐·亚历山大在一封电子邮件中说道。“通过她的使命和奉献，她创造了一个让艺术家能够蓬勃发展、观众能够体验我们共同文化遗产丰富性的空间。”

许多人知道德·哈斯夫人的组织才能和无尽的精力。但在她致力于复兴芝加哥爵士乐之前，她本人就是一位著名的音乐家。

杰拉尔丁·沃曼于1953年1月30日出生于纽瓦克。她的父亲是一位窗户清洁工，也是美国摩尔科学神庙（伊斯兰教的一个分支）的活跃成员，已婚20年，并遵循该教派将她培养为音乐家的做法。杰拉尔丁也抓住了这个机会，尽管她并未加入该教派。

她的母亲维多利亚（约翰尼）·沃曼负责管理活动。

她的哥哥安迪是一位钢琴神童，姐姐萨洛梅在高中时就已经开始表演。杰拉尔丁与萨洛梅一起录制了几张唱片，之后三人在1950年代中期以“安迪和男孩奴隶”的名义组成了三重奏。

他们成为炙手可热的三重奏组合，先是在纽瓦克地区，然后在迈阿密和欧洲。德·哈斯夫人表示，在巴黎的一个晚上，马龙·白兰度在观众席上，并在演出后与她交谈（20ox）。她拒绝了他的建议。

她于1963年与德·哈斯先生结婚。他于2023年去世。

萨洛梅·博伊于2020年去世，博伊于2025年去世。

安迪与她的儿子一起生活，她的女儿阿妮塔·德·哈斯仍在世。

在近十年的巡演后，“安迪和男孩奴隶”组合在1980年左右解散。德·哈斯夫妇在接下来的几年里寻找工作机会，先后居住在德国科隆、挪威，以及他们于1948年定居的南中国。

爵士乐在世界各地都处于衰退之中，包括芝加哥，被流行音乐和摇滚乐所取代。德·哈斯夫人继续演唱，但也加入了新成立的自由街剧团担任演员。

在1970年代初，她通过自由街剧团和其他剧团出演了多部重要音乐剧，包括《胡·怀特牛肉》和《我宁愿不，我不能应付！》。

她还对文化保护产生了兴趣。她参与了成功的运动，拯救了南岸文化中心，因为它对受到威胁的音乐至关重要。

感谢德哈斯夫人等保护主义者的努力，这座建筑被出售给芝加哥州立部门，至今仍是该市文化生活的重要组成部分。

在参与该中心的工作过程中，德哈斯夫人见证了基层文化活动的力量。艾灵顿音乐会的成功后，她可能将其打造成一场非同寻常的活动，最终演变为芝加哥爵士音乐节。

她于1993年获得芝加哥州立大学音乐教育学士学位。一年后，她在南区创立了非营利组织“爵士联盟”，致力于音乐教育和表演。

“社区居民开始像参加我当时举办的活动一样前来，”她在1996年接受《论坛报》采访时说，“他们说捐赠1美元、5美元或10美元，而——”

!

20世纪50年代，德哈斯夫人与她的兄弟安迪和妹妹萨洛梅组成了一个三重奏组合。

!

20世纪50年代，德哈斯夫人、她的兄弟安迪和妹妹萨洛梅组成了一个三重奏组合。

20世纪50年代，德哈斯夫人20世纪50年代，德哈斯夫人

查尔斯·S·法迪斯，68岁，曾推动边缘政治叙事的前中情局官员

作者：特里普·加布里埃尔

查尔斯·S·法迪斯是一名前中情局官员，后成为该机构的公开批评者，2020年宾夕法尼亚州选举舞弊运动的领导者，以及阴谋论者，频繁出现在史蒂夫·班农极右翼播客节目《战情室》中。他于7月23日在费城去世，享年68岁。

他的家人宣布了他的死讯。他的订阅通讯称，他因与新冠相关的肺部疾病和肺炎住院。

法迪斯先生常使用他的中间名“斯科特”，他毫无根据地宣称，共和党人应完全否认2020年总统选举的结果，并声称前总统约瑟夫·R·拜登和明尼苏达州州长蒂姆·沃尔兹（2024年民主党副总统候选人）受中国共产党的操纵。

他领导了宾夕法尼亚州的一个草根团体联盟，要求终止邮寄选票重新计票，此前拜登在2020年赢得该州，而特朗普总统曾声称邮寄选票帮助民主党“操纵”了选举。

在MAGA阵营最受欢迎的政治脱口秀节目《战情室》播客和他的通讯中，法迪斯公开宣称，推动移民大规模遣返的公民是马克思主义者试图建立极权政府的一部分，并称沃尔兹（他于2020年以教师身份访问中国）是中国政府的代理人。

“他在多大程度上被收买、直接被控制或被中国所拥有，对我来说仍有些不清楚，”他在2024年选举前表示。“但显然他已经选边站队，而这边不是我们。”

在向极右翼传播阴谋论之前，法迪斯曾在中情局工作20年，负责在海外招募和管理线人。他的一位上司路易斯·兰多在采访中表示，法迪斯在MAGA媒体圈的崛起与他作为情报官员的训练背道而驰，后者本应客观分析情报。

“他在某个地方脱离了正轨，”兰多先生说。“作为一名情报官员，MAGA的做法基本上是在没有法律依据、证据和事实的情况下行事。而这正是因为他是一名情报官员。”

另一位前中情局同事约翰·马圭尔为

他成为该机构直言不讳的批评者，任职长达20年。

马奎尔在采访中表示：“我不是激进的‘MAGA’（MAGA）支持者。”他称法迪斯是“一个客观、深入问题的人，这是一名情报官员的宝贵特质：敢于对权力说真话。”

兰多和莫吉尔（Maugire）都称赞法迪斯在2002年领导中央情报局两支秘密派往伊拉克北部的小组之一，为2003年美国发动的入侵做准备。该任务是为美军主导的战争建立情报来源网络。

法迪斯在2008年离开中央情报局后撰写的两本书中表示，他的团队基于证据认为伊拉克独裁者萨达姆·侯赛因拥有大规模杀伤性武器，这与布什政府为2003年3月入侵伊拉克所做的辩护相矛盾。

在与迈克·塔克合著的《加利福尼亚行动：伊拉克内部的协调战争》（2008）一书中，法迪斯严厉批评美国高级官员无视中央情报局特工报告的伊拉克实地情况。在《第二次修复：中央情报局的衰落与覆灭》（2009）中，法迪斯写道，该情报机构充斥着无能和官僚主义的恶意。他呼吁废除中央情报局并取而代之。

他写道：“中央情报局的失败是结构性的。这种弊病已经破碎，且无法修复。”

查尔斯·S·法迪斯于1936年5月23日出生在马里兰州贝塞斯达，父母是沃特斯·塔克·法迪斯和詹姆斯·M·法迪斯，后者是一名职业海军军官。

他获得了约翰斯·霍普金斯大学政治学学士学位和马里兰大学法学学位。

在陆军军法署担任军事律师后，他曾在华盛顿州担任助理总检察长。他于1948年加入中央情报局，职业生涯主要在该局近东处度过，作为行动官员在南亚、欧洲和中东招募间谍。

1974年，他与吉娜·库克结婚，后者于1989年成为中央情报局行动官员——当时极少有女性从事这一角色。她经常与他一同在海外执行任务。

离开情报机构后，法迪斯组织了“家长联盟促进会”，声称2020年总统选举中的选民欺诈扭曲了拜登的选举结果。2023年，他召集了一些右翼团体在哈里斯堡的州议会大厦集会，要求终止邮寄选票，称其为“想要进行选举欺诈和盗窃的人的礼物”。

任何注册选民均可申请邮寄选票的规定于2019年由共和党主导的宾夕法尼亚州议会通过，并由一名民主党州长签署。欺诈性邮寄选票的情况极为罕见，有关大规模邮寄选票欺诈的说法也屡遭驳斥。

法迪斯关于中央情报局的第二本书将该机构描述为充斥着无能和官僚主义的混乱。

法迪斯在宾夕法尼亚州的组织活动与“作战室”节目达成了合作。当拜登在特朗普第1任期内担任白宫战略师时，2023年的一项调查发现，“作战室”是70个政治脱口秀节目中散布虚假信息最严重的一个。

查尔斯·S·法迪斯在一张未标注日期的照片中。他的主张包括选举欺诈和中国关系。

法迪斯还通过其时事通讯《AHD杂志》公开传播自己的观点。他声称特朗普的国家情报总监塔拉勒·加尔比亚德（于5月辞职）是“深层政府”的受害者，并称纽约的扎赫兰·曼达拉尔少校是“一名激进的马克思主义者”，意图终结私人住宅所有权。

与其他阴谋论一样，法迪斯先生的理论往往始于一个匆忙拼凑的核心——比如拜登总统的"ten-thanest"亲属在一笔最新交易中从一家与中国政府有关联的中国能源公司获得了数百万美元——然后通过跳跃和臆测，得出耸人听闻的结论。"这笔交易曾在2024年被众议院共和党人调查，但他们未能提供任何证据证明总统从自家生意中获利。"

除妻子外，法迪斯先生身后留下了四个孩子：哈米什、詹姆斯、塞缪尔和伊丽莎白·法迪斯·沃夫雷尔，以及六个孙辈。

特朗普总统今年2月与伊朗开战后，法迪斯作为前情报官员，在《战争委员会》节目中对该地区发表了专业见解。6月，特朗普与伊朗签署停火协议，宣称"实现了我们所有预定目标"，法迪斯随即在电话中表示不屑。

他在自己的Sabotack专栏中写道："现在就可以开始倒计时，等待下一轮敌对行动了。"

Beatles

金融、人文与现代。J.

看，约翰

菲茨杰拉德——堪萨斯

圣经

罗伯特·布雷，堪萨斯州州长

堪萨斯州约翰·J·肯尼迪 约翰·J.

凯文·霍达卡——

《纽约时报》 纽约时报

Beatles

及其他成员。她还获得了以下人士的悼念：艾琳·M·弗莱彻，过去10年美国公共机构前主席，以及詹姆斯·J·弗莱彻，《纽约时报》前总裁，以及《纽约时报》，以及《纽

公共事务 《纽约时报》 纽约时报

持异议

详情——见68，《纽约时报》、国家局的战争

你的家庭

《纽约时报》

晨报

一份新闻简报。每周七天订阅。

---

2020年8月11日，星期二

观点

《纽约时报》

专栏作家 / 特蕾西·M / 米兰·科顿

社会主义者正在获胜，因为他们倾听人民

我们是否正在见证美国政治中社会主义的复兴？

自扎兰·曼斯菲尔德当选纽约市市长以来，政治分析界的主流观点要么认为我们正处于“白人黄金时代”，要么宣称“共产主义即将到来”。

这种观点或许有一天会成为我们的选举现实，但今天还不是。上周，许多左翼候选人表现出色，在密歇根和堪萨斯的初选中取得了显著胜利。但许多美国主流叙事也渗透进了他们的竞选活动。一些获胜的候选人拥有大量资金可供支出，另一些则面临极度的财务劣势。但其中表现最佳的候选人正在开展的竞选活动预示着一个关键信息：民主党若想赢得选民，必须组织他们，而不仅仅是从他们身上筹款。

民主党面临着一个深层次的结构性问题。它站在一个由反公民权阵营挖掘的坑的阴影下，而目前，进步派似乎是唯一意识到这一点的一方。

建制派民主党人或许想要争论左翼候选人的可取性，但该党有更紧迫的问题需要解决。工会和民权组织是民主党选举力量的双引擎。

在新政之后的几十年里，工会可靠地为民主党输送了工人阶级男性选票，成为民主党在农村地区和工业资金流中的动脉票仓。民权组织则自1920年以来，最初不情愿地、最终却坚定地为民主党输送了黑人选票——并使民主党在南方保持竞争力。民主党人林登·B·约翰逊签署了《民权法案》。这两个群体长期以来一直在为民主党候选人提供支持，本应是最值得鼓舞的力量。

然而，几十年来的经济、法律、政治和文化挑战使得工会和民权组织难以——甚至无法——继续履行这一职责。

黑人民权组织尤其长期致力于为过去而组织。他们为此付出了代价。他们称之为“在路上的探索”。他们称之为“我们的选民”，将全国性的政纲转化为地方性的信息传递，并培训候选人和工作人员。民主党的选举工作队伍一直是那些在教堂里维持灯火、驾驶面包车、深入社区、动员集会参与者并在选举日确保投票率的黑人女性。

南方的黑人组织者曾期待《投票权法案》被最高法院削弱后，民主党能够团结一致。然而，他们首先被抛弃了。他们曾羡慕保守派团体如传统基金会行动组和“转折点美国”（Turning Point USA）所获得的支持，并思考如果拥有同等支持，他们能做些什么。

加入工会的工人比例也处于历史低点。即使民主党找到一个能够重新吸引工人阶级选民并激活南方选民的制胜信息，那些在教堂、学校、工会大厅和志愿者协会中从事动员选民艰苦工作的组织也正在受到攻击。工会的政治力量表明，根本没有足够的资金让草根组织者继续开展必要的工作以取得成功。

当他们讨论政策时，他们不会只是将每个问题归咎于特朗普总统，而是讨论潜在选民告诉他们重要的议题。简而言之，最新的进步派候选人正在像组织者一样开展竞选活动。通过这样做，他们揭示了自巴拉克·奥巴马首次竞选总统以来，民主党机器中不曾存在的弱点。

从1990年代中期开始，民主党采取了立场，认为零售政治需要内部升级。参加教堂会议固然不错。但你难道没听说美国人正在“独自打保龄球”吗？最好发邮件。

请求式的拉票变成了群发短信，请求志愿者和我们十几岁的孩子们合作，而我们当时还没有学会忽视这些。拉票活动固然有效。但未来是将每个选民变成一个富裕的个体，附带一条有争议的捐款链接，让我们能够投资家庭生活，而巴拉克·奥巴马——一位组织者出身的成员——成为了民主党面向21世纪选举机器的代表。

这一机器在2008年感觉像是一股力量。它将是多种族且进步的，无需过度努力。它将赋予普通民众权力，而非大额捐款者。也就是说，它将优先考虑民主党而非共和党。

到了2020年，民主党在数字竞选方面的优势早已不复存在。共和党迎头赶上，且在大规模基层动员方面仍在壮大，而民主党如今面临一个互联网问题——在选举间隙投资技术创新，而非建设基层。随着算法将邻居变成持有疯狂阴谋论的陌生党派人士，硅谷抛弃了民主党，转而支持特朗普。尽管如此，参议院的反巡航短信仍在不断发送。

狗终于咬住了车尾。拥有大量战争资金的候选人发现，广告投放并不能保证胜利。如今获胜的人正在组织运动，而不仅仅是筹集资金。

在密歇根州，阿卜杜勒·G·斯顿普夫通过建立一个基于经济民粹主义信息的关系型竞选活动，击败了深受建制派青睐的候选人，赢得了选票。他获胜的部分原因在于，将支持其对手的8亿竞选资金描述为激活民主党基层的政治腐败象征。

他的12,000名志愿者推动了一场曾被视为“核武级”的竞选活动。政府的主要公共事务委员会举办了10多个班级和500场活动。他在大选中仍需努力争取黑人选民的支持，但这并不否定他克服了相当严重的种族主义攻击，甚至是资金劣势，最终赢得了初选。

在威斯康星州，法国第13选区的毫不掩饰的社会主义者竞选州长，动员了约7,000名志愿者，他们有条不紊地执行了美国民主社会主义者支持的地面行动，如同“A-shoof in the jerkle”般艰难前行。

在田纳西州，曾领导过反对管道竞选活动的前组织者贾斯汀·普罗克特斯，正在一个为共和党优化的选区参选。组织工作让他明白，你不能只是找到可能的选民；你需要培养一个黑人选民群体，通过直接沟通和与筹款短信及邮件的编辑性接触。组织者将这种方式称为“关系16”，正如一位策略师上周对我们所说，以一种让选民乐于接到竞选电话的方式与他们交谈。

随着NCAA结果变得更加两极分化，民主党有机会积蓄势头。无论喜欢与否，民主党越来越倾向于支持受欢迎的领导者，而进步主义意识形态已准备好迎接这一时刻。这吸引了比建制派更强大、更多样化的候选人。上周超出预期的竞选活动并非都来自左翼，但每一场都像左翼候选人一样运作。策略、人力、以民意为导向。

选举预测总是让人眼花缭乱。但如果我试图解读2020年和2025年民主党的风向标，我不会去寻找社会主义者的声音。我会寻找那些思考和行动时明白——问题的核心是人，而非金钱——的候选人。

一位顶尖学者的陨落表明大学并未真正理解问题

杰西·辛格尔

《被屏蔽与举报》播客主持人

不难理解杰森·阿尔代为何能在剑桥大学维持其专业形象，直至周三，尽管多年来他一直面临抄袭和学术不端的严重指控。他的故事几乎完美契合某种文化战争的叙事框架。

一方是出生于南伦敦公共住房区工人阶级移民家庭的古巴裔，并成为该校历史上最年轻的黑人教授。另一方则是一群将其视为对宽容与进步发起广泛攻击的目标的慈善机构和文化精英。在学术界，他是“好人”的代表。

然而，剑桥大学曾坚持认为“没什么可看的”，如今宣布将对阿尔代先生展开调查。而他的回应则是宣布辞职。

若放在过去几年，这或许只是一桩不幸事件。但如今，这正是学术界亟需直面的问题。此事堪称学术界令人愤怒的自我丑化典型：面对相关证据及剑桥大学与其他与阿尔代先生有关联的学术机构所揭露的严重指控，它们并未通过调查来应对，反而采取了规避审查的做法。这进一步损害了高等教育的声誉，而高等教育本已面临着严厉且有时不公的抨击。

阿尔代先生于2022年受聘，时年仅27岁。他讲述的个人经历颇为传奇。他曾因疾病导致发育迟缓，直到18岁才学会读写。尽管如此，他仍声称取得了令人瞩目的成就，包括通过在25天内完成30多场马拉松等活动为慈善机构筹集了数百万美元。

然而，阿尔代先生在剑桥大学的任期刚开始数月，其光环便开始褪色。据科学论文撤稿追踪网站“撤稿观察”（Retraction Watch）发布的详细时间线，微软麦克马斯特大学荣休教授戴维·哈里斯注意到阿尔代先生的研究可能存在问题，包括其2016年发表于《社会科学》期刊的一篇论文。哈里斯教授指出，阿尔代似乎挪用了另一位学者的表述。阿尔代则质疑哈里斯的动机，称进一步追究将“被视为寻衅和骚扰”。（据《卫报》报道，阿尔代后来向警方举报哈里斯，但警方未予追究。）

哈里斯教授随后寻求另一位教授的帮助，后者据“撤稿观察”称，将抄袭疑虑转达给了剑桥大学的两名官员。其中一名官员回复称，由于该论文发表于阿尔代入职剑桥之前，“我们认为不在我们的调查范围之内”。另一名官员则表示，尽管阿尔代获得了大学的“全力支持”，但他已同意“将该文章从期刊在线平台下架，以解决相关担忧”。

这一回应令人费解。教授的聘用依据其过往成果，若这些成果存在抄袭行为，理应接受调查。此外，对抄袭的可信指控并不能通过作者撤回论文修改来解决，而需独立调查。

《社会科学》期刊随后发布更正说明，称该文章“已修订以提高文中引用来源的清晰度”。

阿尔代似乎将另一位研究者进行的访谈引语冒充为自己的访谈内容。据“撤稿观察”报道，论文的新版本编辑了部分引语，删除了另一些，并移除了阿尔代对第二位研究者的提及。

阿尔代参与撰写的2020年另一篇论文中，疑似抄袭的内容也在2024年得到了宽松的更正处理。

《泰晤士高等教育》英国版曾计划在2020年发表一篇关于阿尔代先生的报道，《撤稿观察》披露，该报道将包含他在2017年利物浦约翰·摩尔斯大学博士论文中存在大量抄袭的证据。阿尔代随后聘请了英国退休辩手——

卡特·布莱克律师事务所表示，该媒体的晨间通讯似乎导致报道被撤销。这一丑闻直到上个月生物学哲学家内森·科尔森在Substack上发布长文公开揭露后才曝光。

利物浦约翰·摩尔斯大学随后的回应似乎与两家期刊一样敷衍：“针对这些指控，我们进行了保密程序，阿尔代的博士学位受到侮辱，”利物浦约翰·摩尔斯大学一位女发言人上周告诉我，并拒绝进一步置评。科尔森并非理想的信使，因其对“case”与智力之间所谓关联的兴趣。他在一篇文章中写道：“黑人几乎会从体育和娱乐以外的所有高知名度职位上消失。”

但科尔森之所以介入，正是因为剑桥大学的纵容，这种纵容很快演变为证据。A. Gray在20世纪60年代曾遭遇诋毁，其可信度受到质疑，这种行为必须停止。剑桥大学上月在书面声明中坚称，针对“相关指控已由相关机构和涉事官员进行了彻底调查”。

这一措辞刻意排除了剑桥大学自身，并含蓄地将前述调查作为证据，表明其需要通过利物浦约翰·摩尔斯大学的新行动来强化自身立场——后者甚至将阿尔代的博士论文保留在线上，明显抄袭的部分依然完整。

阿尔代将其早期学术作品中的“部分错误”归咎于其学科，《伦敦时报》转述其回应称：“他理解信息的方式较为松散——”

他撰写了

右翼的不公正攻击不能成为学术界逃避自我审视的借口

他的部分努力——包括跑步和筹款声明——并否认存在任何故意不当行为。

正如《卫报》8月7日劳拉·赖纳的文章所展现的，这场战争的荒谬条款可追溯至20世纪60年代。20世纪60年代的情况远比剑桥大学的边缘化更为严峻。监控录像未捕捉到任何“intrudes”，阿尔代“也未告知同事有第二名持刀男子出现在学院大楼内”。

与此同时，记者本杰明·瑞安记录了其朋友为量化审查阿尔代相关机构对20世纪60年代的挑战性声明所做的努力，这些声明在该领域引发了更多争议。

倘若这些问题早些曝光，可能会危及《参议院与部长》杂志对阿尔代文章《遮掩与不幸之事》的发表（该杂志最终仍选择出版其著作）。

当剑桥大学上周三改变立场时，它能够查阅关于20世纪60年代的信息，以及阿尔代的出版物、荣誉职位——显然是指近期报道中他声称与多所大学存在隶属关系，而这些大学均否认与其有任何关联。考虑到剑桥大学近期的调查，我认为更可能的解释是，它无法再忽视阿尔代所代表的日益严重的公关问题。

诚然，真正不公正的右翼攻击不能成为学术界逃避反思的借口，尽管学者们将特朗普总统及其代表的势力视为回避此处缺失的质量控制的理由。

同行群体并非问题所在。20世纪60年代的事件在4月曾表示，“对高等教育的信任危机必须得到解决”，并承认“高等教育从业者别无选择，只能响应呼吁，批判性审视我们的机构、职业和思想体系”。

《纽约时报》观点 2026年8月11日 星期二

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在这种情况下，或许更应受到批评的，是如今学术界所追求的结果——尤其是那些被赋予象征意义的学者。

正如《伦敦时报》所转述的那样，阿尔代教授所在学术部门的负责人于4月首次表示，这是“对大学致力于应对现有不平等问题的认可”。

如果说阿尔代不仅是一名学者，更是一个象征（代表大学对成功的承诺），那么剑桥大学本应审视自身在其案件中的角色，并对阿尔代一案展开显然应有的调查，而非拖延至秋季。

流行音乐才是问题所在

丹·查拉斯

纽约大学克莱夫·戴维斯唱片音乐学院教授

韩国超级组合 RTS 宣布将其黑板专辑《So Yang》撤出 2026 年格莱美奖评选，以抗议新设的亚洲流行音乐表演奖项。这支长期瞄准美国主流明星地位的乐队在其声明中表示：“我们希望音乐能以其本来面目被听到和喜爱，无论它是哪个群体的流行音乐，或使用何种语言。”

RTS 及其众多粉丝认为，这一新奖项是录音学院试图阻止亚洲流行组合的崛起势头和影响力压倒其他奖项——如年度专辑和多个流行表演奖项——的手段。他们拒绝接受学院所谓新奖项仅仅是为了认可韩国、中国及东南亚流行音乐增长的说法。RTS 理所当然地拒绝冒被“归类”的风险。

录音学院多年来一直在增设新奖项。1956 年仅有 16 个奖项，如今已增至 100 个，这一扩张反映了音乐产业的轮廓：摇滚、拉丁、说唱、民谣、新世纪音乐等，这些都体现了不同的流派和细分市场。但大多数奖项都是唱片业历史上种族隔离的产物，这种隔离曾将黑人和白人音乐划分为不同的流派和市场，即使它们在音乐上极为相似。

时至今日，唱片公司高管、奖项评委和电台节目编排者仍在寻找方法，将那些社会或族裔背景挑战行业对特定流派边界固有认知的艺术家纳入其中。

这种现象在新格莱美奖项出现时表现得最为明显。在碧昂丝（Beyoncé）成为首位凭乡村专辑获奖的黑人女性后，学院将该奖项一分为二——传统乡村和当代乡村。在《狩猎季》（Kifey Demos Hunterly）的歌曲今年大获成功后，亚洲流行音乐奖应运而生。当格莱美奖的评选规则或节目编排者急于将某位艺术家归入某个流派时，这可能会对其主流成功潜力产生不利影响。无论是奖项、演出预订、代言、流媒体播放、电台播放还是节目亮相，流行音乐始终占据主导地位。

这或许引出了一个更大的问题：流行音乐究竟是什么？其名称暗示它是对受欢迎事物的集合，但行业内的关键参与者却不断对其进行判断，宣布什么是或不是流行音乐。尽管人们常将流行音乐视为一个实际的流派，却似乎无人能清晰阐述其持久的风格特征。

录音学院的奖项规则对舞曲等流派有明确定义（如“节奏动感”、“动态渐强和渐弱”）。而流行表演奖的唯一要求是什么？歌曲必须是“流行”。音乐产业的根本荒谬之处，那个引发所有问题却又让人为之辩解的术语，正是“流行”本身。

听听《公告牌》百强榜（Billboard Hot 100）上的流行热门歌曲，问问自己它们实际上属于哪种流派。从 1924 年的大热单曲，到泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）的最新作品，我们听到的是乡村和乡村摇滚的不同变体，也许是更偏向摇滚的风格，是最美妙、最受欢迎的音乐，但也可能是迪斯科舞曲，或是 24 年前的情歌，或是朗朗上口的流行金曲。1924 至 1940 年代的歌曲来自更广泛的风格，所有流派都有其渊源和起源地。曾几何时，这些流派都不被视为流行音乐，而后在某个时刻却成为流行。

美国流行音乐的形成历程充满排斥。黑人艺术家受害最深，他们被排除在电台播放列表和白人同行能够轻松登台的场馆之外——而这些白人同行演绎的正是黑人艺术家的风格和歌曲。本尼·古德曼和猫王埃尔维斯·普雷斯利从未需要请求从“many Malk”跨界，他们的粉丝也理所当然地将他们视为主流。然而多年来，黑人艺术家——即便是无可争议的流行巨星——也常被拒绝冠以“流行”的标签。1960年，迈克尔·杰克逊凭借畅销专辑《墙外》被格莱美奖排除在最重要奖项之外。

据多方说法，RTS电视台拒绝播放其后续专辑《颤栗》（该专辑后来成为当时最畅销的专辑），直到1200唱片公司的总裁威胁要将旗下所有艺人从该频道下架。RTS的高管随后对此说法提出异议。古德曼和普雷斯利从未需要请求被称为摇滚或歌曲的“国王”。但杰克逊的经历可以被解读为对美国流行音乐核心叙事的挑战。要真正审视这一历史，必须承认：许多亚裔艺术家直到种族隔离也波及他们时，才开始质疑这一体系。

全球最大的亚洲娱乐公司——尽管拥有新兴的微型前提——可能出于原则不愿挑战这一体系。但RTS或许是自杰克逊以来全球最大的流行巨星，也是唯一一位拥有自由和影响力、足以引发反思的“Reverend-coding”艺人。在这个快节奏的时代，艺术家和创业者竞相迫使这个行业的主要机构摆脱其将惯例伪装成人口统计学的成瘾性偏见。

无论是RTS还是其他任何人，每个人都应有权不受筛选或附加条件地进入最大的市场。解决方案并非取消特定市场或类别。例如，民谣是真实存在的，它在奖项和机构中被更好、更有效地认可，这很好。需要被审视的是流行音乐本身，因为流行音乐才是真正的—。

格莱美奖正在把守一个无人能定义的流派

据说他曾自封为“流行音乐之王”。他知道真相。流行音乐不会向他屈服。

美国的流行音乐是准入制度的延伸，其运作方式与之如出一辙。它必须有固定的边界；它不断扩张，同时维持其决策。它与另外两种精心调制的风格一样，可以拥有普遍的吸引力。特别是，流行音乐在迎合大众时，并未将黑人音乐的风格与其文化背景剥离，也未能为原创者提供公平进入音乐产业最赚钱领域的机会。

凭借对嘻哈、舞曲、R&B和摇滚的独特诠释，K-pop是众多受黑人音乐影响的流派之一——各类流派和其他组合都曾不时承认黑人艺术家的影响。尽管这些抗议进入了市场，但准入标准似乎仍然高度主观。

艺术家及其团队应审视唱片公司将艺术家排除在流行音乐部门之外的方式。唱片公司和艺术家应质疑流媒体服务和电台节目编排者对“流行”一词的滥用——为何对某些人敞开大门，对另一些人却关闭。录音学院应停止设立新的乡村音乐类别，并最终停止在划分类别时考虑种族、国籍或语言——每一次划分都将其参与者与更大、更赚钱的市场隔离开来。如果这些流行音乐的制作者无法在音乐或有氧运动层面被定义，或许它们就不该存在。

“流行”一词已变得与另一个词——真实世界所用的“内容”——同样不可或缺。这种模糊性对所有艺术家产生了影响。那些只渴望成为“流行”艺术家的人，被鼓励将自己推向自动化、一致性，成为内容，或压抑某种空虚。这正是当今许多流行音乐听起来像是糟糕决定的原因。

作为俄亥俄州州长，我理解制定合理移民政策的必要性。在我们州，非常简单，我们需要人。

自2007年以来，全国出生率一直呈下降趋势，远低于更替水平。随着人口增长放缓，人口老龄化也将加剧。国会预算办公室预测，到2030年，死亡人数将超过出生人数，我国人口增长将全部来自移民。

尽管出生率下降，俄亥俄州在2016年至2026年间人口仍实现增长，其中约60%的增长来自在美国境外出生的人口。由于我州主要年龄段劳动者的就业率接近历史高位，俄亥俄州必须在所有成人层面吸纳更多人才，以扩大劳动力队伍。

移民有助于填补劳动力缺口。在全国长期直接护理和食品生产一线工人中，外国出生的工人占近30%。他们提供了三分之一的养老护理工作者，让年长的美国人能够留在家中。

截至2025年，俄亥俄州22%的医生、12%的医护工作者（共57500人）和4%的企业家是外国出生。展望未来，随着先进制造业、航空航天和医疗保健将推动我州经济发展，我们既需要本土出生的工人，也需要移民。

通过承担那些通常体力要求高且难以填补的工作，移民在许多情况下为本土美国人创造了从事更专业、收入更高的工作的机会。移民和本土公民共同建设着更好的经济。

这一情况在全国许多地区都存在，移民为经济做出贡献，包括在农业、肉类和海鲜加工、酒店、建筑和医疗保健等领域就业的移民。

与总统一样，我希望每一个来到这个国家的人都能合法入境——我支持他将这一愿景变为现实的努力和成就。然而，尽管政府在遏制非法移民方面取得了成功，但其对已在境内移民的政策鲁莽地威胁着经济动能

根据估算，2024年国际学生为美国经济贡献了近8200亿美元。然而，数以万计的学生正在质疑这一产业和国际学生群体——这些长期学位学生数十年来享受着开放式的学术伤害，支持了研究，却忽视了创新。

今年1月，国务院将移民法适用范围从75个国家扩大至1,000,000人，并从1,000人扩大至1,000,000人，总计1,000,000人，总计1,000

约瑟夫·帕特拉默，1974

政府还将美国接纳难民的年度上限从1,525,000人降至1,500人，随后又提高至1,500,000，总计超过1,000,000南非人。

在俄亥俄州斯普林菲尔德市，哈莱姆国民为该市的经济复苏发挥了重要作用。他们填补了就业岗位、购置房产、偿还贷款、增加收入并支持其他家庭。但政府终止了他们的“临时保护身份”，这一举措我曾公开反对。

读者来信

如何讨论我们的心理健康

致编辑： 关于《像你这样鼓励病态正统观念可能会加剧问题》（7月28日）的文章：文章提出，更多关注心理健康可能让我们更加了解自身，但也存在一种观点认为，这暴露了另一个问题。我们尚未做足够的工作，帮助人们区分“作为人的常见挑战”与“严重心理健康状况的早期迹象”。

正如了解身体健康有助于人们识别哪些症状需要就医一样，了解心理健康有助于人们区分日常情绪体验与更值得关注的迹象和症状。偶尔感到焦虑、悲伤或压力是日常生活的一部分。但持续出现影响日常生活的症状则不然。

锻炼、目标、有意义的人际关系和社区都能增强心理健康。但不应将它们视为识别心理健康状况早期迹象的替代品，如重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症、成瘾、非强迫性障碍和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。

现实是，28 数百万美国人正面临严重的心理健康挑战，而我们讨论它的方式会影响一个人是否寻求帮助。

心理健康教育的目标不是让人们过度自我诊断，而是帮助他们更好地理解自身经历，并识别日常挑战何时可能演变为值得关注的问题。

来信作者及所在地区：

作者是一名精神科医生，担任美国全国精神疾病联盟（National Alliance on Mental Illness）首席医疗官。

制止特朗普的拱门

致编辑： 关于《特朗普的拱门可能改变华盛顿的未来》（The Upshot专栏，8月31日）的文章：

在华盛顿建造一座锯末拱门的提议简直荒谬至极。作者称，将这一模型植入首都，是对美国历史上最随意、甚至最具破坏性的设计之一的巨大冒犯。

在纽约市从事城市规划工作的一生中，我和同事们深知，对重要城市空间的“破坏”与对其“误用”同样有害，而这些空间拥有对我们意义重大的纪念性建筑。

这一行为必须被制止。 约瑟夫·朱丽叶 广告商，巴斯 作者是一名教授，曾任 Honest District Council of New York 董事会成员。

31

疫苗政策的倒退

致编辑：

关于《数十个州试图收紧疫苗政策，结果如何？》（www.articic.org）的文章：

我怀着悲伤和沮丧的心情，继续关注特朗普政府不遗余力地推动收紧久经验证且行之有效的疫苗政策，并煽动他人效仿。

特朗普总统及其顾问似乎决心让我们回到一个儿童和成人深受传染病肆虐的时代。经过验证的科学已为我们带来了疫苗这一奇迹，使我们能够免受这些危及生命的疾病侵害。

现任政府反科学，并大肆散布关于疫苗有效性和安全性的虚假信息。我们正在迅速回到一个无知和偏见主导的政府时代。

想到成千上万的儿童和成人将因此遭受痛苦，甚至死亡，令人震惊。公众必须大声疾呼，促使当权者改弦更张，重新以科学为指导。

来信作者及所在地区： 纽约

作者是哥伦比亚大学内外科医师学院临床教授。

不要称我们为“纳蒂”

致编辑：

关于《特朗普的生活让加拿大人“纳蒂”，马克·卡尼说这是一个新词》（www.articic.org，《纽约时报》，8月31日）一文：

你能想象如果一个外国人称美国人为“纳蒂”吗？想象一下美国人民的愤怒、愤慨和义愤。

然而，你们的总统最近就是用这个词来称呼加拿大人的。难怪我们中有许多人不再觉得美国在特朗普当选前对35个州（并非所有州）的态度是开放的，也不再认为美国人是最慷慨的人。从那以后，我再也没有回去过。

佩里·霍布 道格拉斯·多拉尔，魁北克

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我们需要合理的法律来决定谁能在美国生活。总统可以推动这些法律通过。

现在是特朗普总统展现“尼克松访华”式时刻的时候了。作为一位已经确立领导地位的人物，他应当开始与国会成员进行深思熟虑、前瞻性的讨论，以帮助在制定合法移民政策时，加强国家安全、信仰和政策，并帮助牙医和在这里勤奋工作的人。

在改革过程中，他应当考虑支持以下措施：为获得美国高级学位的外国留学生建立新的途径，延长其合法身份，实质上将绿卡与其毕业证书“绑定”；重新调整H-1B签证项目，更好地优先考虑那些技能和经验对美国至关重要的工人。美国应当为雇主提供可靠的工具，以核实工作资格。

我的祖父丹尼斯·德维托（Dennis DeVito）在1930年代乘坐运牛船离开戈尔韦郡，逃离爱尔兰的帮派头目，来到俄亥俄州的低朗利（low Tangley），在那里定居并养育了家庭。

他带着宏大的梦想和勇气，选择了美国，而美国也选择了他。这就是美国故事。

罗纳德·里根总统在1994年签署了一项全面的移民改革法案，并选择移民作为其卸任前的最后一次演讲主题。他回顾了美国开放和机遇的精神，提醒我们：“我们之所以成为世界的灯塔，是因为在所有国家中，我们独一无二地从世界各地和每一个角落汲取我们的人民——我们的力量。”他说：

“多亏了每一波新移民为这种机遇带来的活力和新思想，我们才成为一个永远充满活力、不断创新、始终引领世界的国家，始终走在世界梦想的前沿。这种品质对我们国家的未来至关重要。如果我们对新美国人关上大门，我们在世界上的领导地位很快就会丧失。”

总统应当抓住这一时刻，实现真正的移民改革，以体现这种相同的美国精神。

只有特朗普能推动移民改革

迈克·德维托 俄亥俄州共和党州长

1971年，理查德·尼克松总统做了一件意义重大且出人意料的事情，他前往中华人民共和国，与共产党政权的领导人会面，为几年后两国建立正式外交关系奠定了基础。

当时，几乎没有其他人能做到这一点，因为担心被贴上压迫者的标签。但尼克松毕生与共产主义的斗争为他赢得了公信力和民众信任，使他能够完成这一壮举。

特朗普总统同样拥有一个不同寻常的机会。

几十年来，美国未能控制非法移民的涌入，这严重阻碍了我们制定合理合法移民政策的能力。

但国土安全部报告称，尽管"Notch appointed a state"，但南部边境的非法越境人数较拜登政府时期的月均水平下降了94%。在要求并实现了这一显著转变后，特朗普有机会借此改革我们的合法移民制度——优先满足我们的劳动力需求，同时尊重我们接纳逃离压迫和人道主义危机的人的历史传统。

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□

天气报告

AccuWeather 气象服务

重点：本周中期持续强降雨

预计从周四开始，俄亥俄河谷地区将出现多个强雷暴天气集群。这将导致俄亥俄州至西弗吉尼亚州一带出现大范围新一轮洪水和交通中断，尤其是在上述州内。部分地区可能降雨量超过5英寸，局部地区降雨量高达8英寸。低洼河谷地区，特别是河流和溪流附近，可能发生严重洪涝灾害。

全国天气预报

今日，雷暴天气将从伊利诺伊州延伸至中大西洋地区。部分雷暴可能引发新的洪水，并伴有破坏性阵风。

更南部地区，西南部在闷热天气下出现典型的夏季雷暴。另一片强雷暴区将在傍晚和夜间于平原北部地区发展，带来暴雨洪水，部分地区可能出现破坏性大风。

西南部大部分地区预计有雷暴，而落基山脉和大部分平原地区将持续炎热天气。平原地区的高温将比30年平均值高出5-15度。

西北地区保持干燥。华盛顿州东部和俄勒冈州持续的野火烟雾将使全国大部分地区笼罩在朦胧烟霾中。

城市 / 高温（°F） / 降水概率（%） / 高温（°F） / 降水概率（%） / 高温（°F） / 降水概率（%） ------------ / --------------- / ------------ / --------------- / ------------ / --------------- 纽约 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 休斯顿 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 迈阿密 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 迈阿密 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 98.0 / 0.0

大都会天气预报

今日……雷暴高发倾向。尽管傍晚可能有雷暴到来，但大部分时间保持干燥。天气依然炎热且相当潮湿，云层与阳光交替。气温将比正常值高出5度。

今夜……局部多云 最低气温72.。凌晨时分可能有雷暴残留，但大部分夜间为局部多云且相当温暖。湿度依然较高。气温将比8月平均值高出约5度。

明日……局部晴朗，温暖。高发倾向。全天保持干燥，阳光多于云层。炎热和湿度开始缓解。大部分地区高温接近平均值。微风徐徐。

周四……局部雷暴。湿度在白天逐渐上升，但气温保持在平均水平附近。高发倾向。云层多于阳光，午后有雷暴。

周五 周二……周五湿度降低。周五天空局部晴朗，湿度下降。高发倾向。自然带来湿度，阳光多于云层。高发倾向。

大都会天文历

中央公园，截至昨日13时结束的13小时数据。

温度

Avg. daily maximum

Low normal / 14.4° Average / 8.0°

新月 / 上弦月 / 满月 / 下弦月 ------------ / ------------- 1.00 / 94.7 / 77.2 / 84.0 1.00 / 94.7 / 77.2 / 84.0

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3 社交媒体

特朗普总统的Truth Social平台夏季流量暴跌，降幅达两位数。

5 方寸天地

许多教育工作者难以在工作地居住。一些学区正尝试改变这一现状。

7 体育

德米·沃勒林表示希望书写“美丽故事”，她赢得了个人第二个环法自行车赛女子组冠军。

科技 / 经济 / 媒体 / 金融

商业

纽约时报

11, 2020

华盛顿游说热潮

人工智能芯片荒引发的争夺战

!

随着数据中心大量消耗存储芯片，其他需要同类组件的行业正向政府寻求帮助。

撰稿：卡莉·黄（KALLEY HUANG） 及安娜·皮尔森（ANA PEARSON）

旧金山讯——人工智能热潮引发了关键商品“存储芯片”的短缺，并在华盛顿开辟了企业游说的新战线。

存储芯片用于存储智能手机、汽车等各类产品的数据，目前正被人工智能公司抢购，用于大型数据中心。这些关键组件的价格在过去一年内翻了两番，给白宫带来了难题，后者一直难以说服美国民众其已控制通胀。

如今，包括医疗设备制造商、汽车制造商及苹果等消费电子公司在内的多个行业，正寻求政府帮助以获取所需芯片。

根据对10名相关人士的采访（其中多人因未获授权公开讨论而要求匿名），这些公司及其游说者提出了多种解决方案，既有常规手段，也有高度干预性的措施，例如通过联邦政策迫使存储芯片制造商向其行业分配更多芯片。

其中一些人建议，将向更广泛客户群体销售芯片作为获得2022年《芯片与科学法案》资金的条件，该法案旨在资助美国半导体研发与制造，三名知情人士透露。另有五人表示，他们已要求政府动用一项名为《国防生产法》的朝鲜战争时期法律，强制向人工智能以外的行业分配芯片。

“我们正面临存储芯片价格的‘百年一遇洪水’，价格呈指数级上涨，”苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克上月在财报电话会议上表示。

在6月致财政部长珍妮特·耶伦和商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多的联名信中，多个行业协会警告称，存储芯片市场的“紧急失衡”正对“经济的大部分领域构成风险”。

会计师事务所毕马威-15,首席经济学家黛安·斯沃克表示，存储芯片正开始推高美国通胀。她指出，消费者已开始减少购买视频游戏机，而更昂贵的电子产品可能也将步其后尘。

“当前的人工智能热潮如此强劲，以至于它正在推高其他领域的成本，”斯沃克女士表示。

目前尚不清楚白宫或商务部是否会采取干预措施。尽管迫切希望控制物价，但他们对

Meta公司反其道而行

发布人工智能模型的开放版本

扎克伯格认为，美国需要在人工智能领域保持对中国的领先地位。

作者：伊莱·坦（ELI TAN） 及 迈克·伊斯卡克（MIKE ISKAC）

旧金山电 —— 上个月，Meta公司首席执行官马克·扎克伯格公开支持“开源”人工智能模型，这类模型可免费下载和修改，无需付费或获得批准。他表示，未来的道路在于“开放性，将技术的力量交到更多人手中，而非少数人掌控”。

周一，扎克伯格再次强调了这一立场。

Meta发布了其最强大的人工智能模型Muse Spark的开放版本，名为Muse Glimmer。该模型与Muse Spark几乎相同，可生成排名、测试和图像。今年7月作为“封闭”人工智能模型发布的Muse Spark（用户需申请访问）将继续保持封闭状态。

Muse Glimmer是一个“开放权重”模型，这意味着其权重（即决定模型运作方式的底层计算）已公开。但它并非完全开源，后者需公开模型的全部底层内容。

新模型发布的同时，扎克伯格还发表了一篇长达14页的文章，阐述其对人工智能的愿景。他表示，这一技术不应受到过度限制，美国需要在人工智能竞赛中保持对中国的领先地位。尽管未点名Anthropic和OpenAI这两家呼吁严格控制人工智能技术的竞争对手，他仍批评了它们的做法，称将人工智能的力量集中在少数几家公司手中是危险的。

“与其集中超级智能，不如将其分散，”现年42岁的扎克伯格写道

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Waymo扩张之际

问题频发

作者：埃米·马丁（EMMY MARTIN）

旧金山电 —— 7月4日，超过100,000人涌入旧金山海滨，观看金门大桥上空绚烂的烟花表演。

然而，当他们试图回家时，Waymo成了拦路虎。

在人群四处散去之际，Waymo的无人驾驶汽车堵塞了路口，造成交通拥堵。一些司机被困在电动出租车后长达4个多小时。多辆Waymo因电池在拥堵中耗尽而被拖走。至少有两辆Waymo碾过爆炸的烟花，其中一辆起火。

罗斯·彼得森（Rose Peterson）当时正在另一辆车内。她和未婚夫叫了一辆Waymo返回酒店。当车辆停在路口时，一名男子冲上马路，将一个烟花放在街上并点燃。Waymo向前行驶，碾过烟花，爆炸发生在车底。

“我们完全惊呆了，”现年34岁、在加州核桃溪从事保险工作的彼得森女士说。她说车内弥漫着火烧的味道，但Waymo仍继续行驶至另一个路口。她和未婚夫随后下车，步行返回酒店，原本短暂的回程变成了长达一小时的跋涉。

彼得森女士的经历正是无人驾驶汽车行业所称的“边缘情况”——即机器人出租车未经训练应对的突发状况。问题在于，随着领先的无人驾驶出租车服务Waymo迅速扩张，此类“边缘情况”似乎正在不断增加。

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简讯

制造业

B2

6

《纽约时报》商业版 2020年8月11日，星期二

布里斯托尔-迈尔斯将建造耗资23亿美元的“山峰级”设施

布里斯托尔-迈尔斯施贵宝周一表示，将斥资约23亿美元在休斯敦建造一座新的药品生产设施，这是此前宣布的400亿美元美国投资承诺的一部分。

这家总部位于新泽西的公司表示，新厂区将创造近500个技术岗位。布里斯托尔称，该项目预计将在2027年至2030年间带动约2,000个承包商及相关岗位。该厂区占地约60万平方英尺，旨在生产小分子药物以及生物制剂和抗体偶联药物等更复杂的药品。公司表示，该厂区可根据管线需求进行扩建或重新配置，并预计未来将超出初始规模。

德克萨斯州州长格雷格·阿博特表示，州政府已向布里斯托尔提供了409万美元的德克萨斯企业基金补助，且该项目符合相关优惠条件。路透社

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英特尔计划通过股票发售筹集550亿美元资金

英特尔周一表示，计划通过股票发售筹集550亿美元资金，以借助股价飙升支持其芯片代工业务的高成本扩张。

曾是全球芯片行业主导力量的英特尔正大举投资新设施和先进封装技术，以挑战TDM2等行业领先者在新一代芯片制造领域的地位。

其股价在盘后交易中下跌逾4%。截至上一个交易日收盘，英特尔股价今年已接近翻三倍，表现优于竞争对手AMD和英伟达，以及费城半导体指数近75%的涨幅。

分析师表示，英特尔股价飙升提高了通过股权融资支持扩张的可能性。向人工智能的转变推动了对英特尔制造能力之外的中央处理器的需求。路透社

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伯克希尔股价升至巴菲特卸任后最高水平

伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司股价周一上涨至沃伦·E·巴菲特2025年5月卸任首席执行官以来的第三高位，此前其继任者格雷格·阿贝尔开始动用庞大现金储备，且财报业绩超出分析师的预期。

伯克希尔在周六发布的季度报告中称，截至6月30日，现金储备降至3647亿美元，低于三个月前创下的3602亿美元历史纪录。伯克希尔第二季度回购了43亿美元自家股票，并买入了333亿美元的其他股票，包括300亿美元投资谷歌母公司Alphabet。

伯克希尔7月至少又斥资101亿美元用于股票回购和收购房屋建筑商泰勒·莫里森。

第二季度营业利润增长10%，至123.9亿美元，得益于铁路、服务和保险业务的增长，抵消了Geico保险事故理赔和广告支出的增加。路透社

标普500指数

-0.1% 7,750.11

道琼斯工业平均指数

-0.1% 10,075.98

纳斯达克综合指数

-0.3% 2,000.00

10年期美国国债收益率

-4.71% 10,083点

原油（布伦特36.0.1）

$82.13 -$0.85

黄金

$4,419.70 -$20.00

股票与债券

石油价格在霍尔木兹海峡僵局中上涨

作者：维罗妮卡·马尔布罗（VERONICA MALBRO） 及杰森·库布隆（JASON KUBLOUN）

周一，由于美国与伊朗就霍尔木兹海峡问题陷入僵局，油价出现上涨。伊朗和阿曼近期表示，双方已接近达成协议，允许石油及其他重要商业船只通过这一关键水道。但伊朗提出了一长串要求，称美国必须满足这些条件，船只才能再次通行，显然德黑兰希望继续利用这一战略要道作为筹码。特朗普周日对阿扎姆表示，他认为伊朗最终会因经济困境和通胀压力而让步。

油价上涨。

• 全球石油基准布伦特原油价格上涨近5%，至每桶约$98。该价格较冲突前夕高出10%。

• 美国基准西得克萨斯中质原油（WTI）同样上涨5%，至每桶$82。

• 投资者和分析师关注霍尔木兹海峡航运持续受阻的情况。市场还在关注支持也门胡塞民兵的势力在巴布-曼德海峡的行动，该组织试图限制红海南端的通行，沙特阿拉伯曾将其作为霍尔木兹海峡的替代路线。

航运交通仍受限。

• 周末仅有少量船只通过霍尔木兹海峡，通行量继续以战前水平的极小比例运行。根据海事数据公司Kjær的数据，近期每天约有十几艘船只通过该海峡。战前，平均每天有130艘船只使用该航道。

• 巴布-曼德海峡的通行量保持稳定，周五至周日平均每天有近40艘船只通过，Kjær数据显示。

• 周六，阿联酋外交使节表示，一艘隶属于国有阿布扎比国家石油公司的油轮在穿越霍尔木兹海峡时遭到伊朗袭击。该公司称，自冲突开始以来，已有至少10艘船只在该水道遭袭，造成1人死亡、26人受伤。

标普500指数 周一标普500指数每分钟走势

— 前收盘价：7,757.64

股市表现平淡。

• 周一美国股市收盘时，标普500指数表现相对平稳。该基准股指周五收于历史高点。

• 在欧洲，追踪欧洲最大公司的泛欧斯托克600指数持平。

• 亚洲股市多数上涨，这些国家进口大量石油和天然气。日本日经225指数上涨超过2%，韩国综合股价指数（KOSPI）和香港恒生指数均上涨约1%。

汽油价格下跌。

• 根据美国汽车协会（AAA）的数据，周一全国平均汽油价格小幅下跌至每加仑约$4.95。尽管过去一周油价每加仑下降了约10美分，但司机平均支付的油价仍比战争开始时高出10%。

• 周一柴油平均价格同样小幅下跌，至每加仑$3.30，但成本仍较战争开始时上涨45%。

相关观点：“美国石油活动持续复苏”

• 能源技术公司贝克休斯（Baker Hughes）的数据显示，美国石油钻井数量已升至2025年5月以来的最高水平。

• 买家正寻求替代供应来源，推高了美国原油出口。

新闻简报：DEALBANK DealBank帮助您理解当天最重要的商业和政策头条。订阅新闻简报请访问：nytimes.com / dealbank

昨日股市概况

标普500指数 500 7,755.11 / -0.1%

3个月表现 +4.6%

纳斯达克综合指数

3个月表现 +1.2%

道琼斯工业平均指数

3个月表现 +8.6%

表现最佳股票

S&P 500 COMPANIES / CLOSE CHANGE

1. Dandridge (D5000) / $280.78 +11.0%
2. RPP Corp. (RPR) / $93.65 +8.6
3. Hensley & Co. (HMC) / $200.28 +2.0
4. Warner Technologies (AWAS) / $117.05 +6.4
5. R&P (R&P) (RPR) / $101.48 +6.2
6. P&L (R&P) () / $280.24 +5.8
7. Santec (R&P) () / $108.07 +5.8
8. TR (R&P) () / $215.02 +5.7
9. Veritas (R&P) () / $103.65 +5.8
10. Valero Energy (VEC) / $314.89 +5.8

表现最差股票

S&P 500 COMPANIES / CLOSE CHANGE

1. Gennaro (G5040) / $333.13 +14.2%
2. Loneview Holdings (LTR) / $81.53 +8.0
3. Hensley & Co. (HMC) / $287.25 +8.2
4. North Andover (WGN) / $181.18 +5.0
5. Schmitz (RJR) / $157.75 +4.8
6. Marvel Technology (MVC) / $208.00 +5.0
7. Sauerland Airlines (LTC) / $14.80 +5.0
8. United Airlines Holdings (UK) / $123.78 +5.0
9. Ford State (FSAT) / $138.20 +5.2
10. Central Corp. (CEL) / $37.75 +5.0

交易最活跃股票

标普500成分股公司 / 收盘涨跌 / 股价变动倍数 1. H&R (HACA) / $317.55 +2.8% / 1.13 2. 英特尔 (HTC) / $87.52 +4.1 / 1.09 3. 沃纳技术 (WGN) / $175.25 +1.8 / 1.08 4. 州立银行 (CTC) / $13.89 +5.0 / 1.08 5. 超级西部 (詹纳罗, GWIC) / $51.49 +2.1 / 1.05 6. 辉瑞 (PPS) / $27.05 +1.1 / 1.07 7. 苹果 (AHC) / $108.20 +1.0 / 1.03 8. AT&T (T) / $24.65 +1.1 / 1.03 9. 福特汽车 (F) / $14.85 +0.1 / 1.03 10. 亚马逊 (AMTN) / $278.00 +1.0 / 1.03

特色股票及大宗商品

总回报率 / 总资产 1-9 / 0-950 1. Seagood国际科技州基金应计股份 (STAS) / -15.7% / -17.8% 2. Seagood房地产(跨基金市场股份 (ISER)) / -13.0 / -5.0 3. 忠诚市场通信组合 (FIPR) / -81.3 / -95.0 4. Seagood医疗保健基金(投资者股份 (HSFAS)) / -28.0 / -5.1 5. 忠诚市场科技基金(特殊M-FITAN) / -43.0 / -56.0 6. Dukesha(比利时科技与信息基金机构股份 (EIGF)) / -45.7 / -53.8 7. Seagood医疗保健基金(创新型) (HSID) / -28.4 / -5.1 8. 国家市场特殊收入(特殊No (NSID)) / -4.0 / -5.0 9. I. Power价格调查与科技基金(Tibec (TIBS)) / -35.8 / -14.0 10. I. Power价格医疗科学基金(Tibec (TIBS)) / -10.0 / -5.0 | | 来源：晨星 | |

Seeler表现

标普500路透社

昨日亚洲股市走势

其他市场及经济动态

基础

消费

消费者利率

大宗商品

（每吨价格）

经济

《纽约时报》商业版 2026年8月11日，星期二

B3

社交媒体 / 科技 / 航空

特朗普旗下Truth Social今夏流量双位数下滑

作者：安德里乌斯·兰布里希特 唐纳德·特朗普在其2022年联合创办的社交平台Truth Social上拥有强大影响力。然而，尽管媒体对其政策声明和对该平台“真相”的热议不断，今夏Truth Social的流量却出现了大幅下滑。

根据在线流量监测公司Similarwith的估算，上月Truth Social的月度访问量较去年同期下降了30%。与去年相比，6月的月度访客数降幅更大。相比之下，规模更大的社交媒体平台如电子邮件Threads今夏的访问量则有所增长。

作为广泛引用的互联网流量分析提供商，Similarwith发现，2025年前七个月，Truth Social的平均月访问量为3040万；而今年同期，这一数字仅为2500万。

“我多年来一直关注Truth Social的流量，但这次下滑的幅度和速度让我感到震惊，”霍华德·佩蒂林表示。

对母公司而言，流量暴跌来得正是关键时刻

发布名为 The Flagging 的时事通讯、追踪右翼新闻媒体的分析师表示：“当你认为我们大多数人将 Truth Social 视为特朗普的扩音器时，你会以为数据会一飞冲天。”

Truth Social 的一位发言人对流量评论表示反对。“Truth Social 的流量变化正值其母公司特朗普媒体与科技集团（Trump Media & Technology Group）的关键时期。该公司于 2024 年 3 月作为一家主要业务集团上市，此后每个季度均报告亏损，周一再次报告亏损。”

特朗普媒体在财报中表示，截至 6 月 20 的第二季度净亏损达 $2.381 亿美元。公司将季度亏损的主要原因归咎于其大量加密货币及其他数字资产投资的价值下跌。

一年多前，特朗普媒体的加密货币投资价值超过 $15 百万美元，这创造了加密货币的价值。但比特币价格在过去一年中大幅下跌，导致公司投资的市值缩水。仅今年一年，比特币价值已下跌超过 25%。

公司收益中有一个亮点。公司表示，该季度营收近 4170万美元，较去年同期增长 80%，迄今为止，特朗普媒体的收入主要来自 Truth Social 及相关产品的广告。

上月，公司推出了一项定价 $1.4 的服务，让三家交易公司即时获取 98. 特朗普在 Truth Social 上的帖子，此举被广泛视为——

一位研究买卖股票及其他广泛交易市场边缘行为的人类行为研究员表示担忧。特朗普媒体向公司收取高达每月 $100,000 的费用，以即时查看 98. 特朗普的帖子。

这一新产品引发了争议和担忧，认为 98. 特朗普正试图通过兜售其政策影响力来创收，而非为了提振特朗普媒体低迷的股价。一些国会山的知情人士表示，出售此类信息存在利益冲突，并让愿意付费的交易者在股票、大宗商品乃至可能的预测市场中获得不公平优势。

在周一的电话会议上，公司临时首席执行官凯文·麦克卢尔表示，特朗普媒体已签约超过 10 家客户，主要是交易公司，以快速获取 Truth Social 的帖子。但他表示，公司也在与多家新闻机构进行洽谈。

业界的主要担忧是，这项快速获取产品未经监管。他表示，客户只是比其他人更快获得“公开可用的信息”，这是一种“成熟的商业惯例”。

特朗普媒体押注，更多交易公司会希望获得这种即时访问权，因为总统的帖子有能力撼动市场。

投资研究公司 Panditron 的分析显示，98. 特朗普在 Truth Social 上的帖子对市场波动影响巨大。分析发现，自他重返办公室以来，总统在该平台上的发帖与标普 500 指数的五个最佳交易日和五个最差交易日高度吻合。

“自 1996 以来，历史上从未有过一位总统能同时影响股市的五个最佳交易日和五个最差交易日，”股票公平基金会（Stock On Fair）执行董事黛比·辛格表示。在这些日子里，市场波动往往紧随 98. 特朗普关于伊朗战争或关税的帖子。

98. 特朗普在公司中没有正式职位，但其长子小唐纳德·特朗普是董事会成员，并负责监管一个控制着总统近 1000万美元特朗普媒体股份的信托。

根据周一收盘价，98. 特朗普在公司的持股价值约为 11 亿美元 billion，较 2015 水平下跌约 80%。自上市以来，特朗普媒体的股价已下跌约 80%。

2024年4月，特朗普媒体公司（Trump Media）解除了首席执行官戴维·琼斯（前加利福尼亚州共和党国会议员）的职务，并暂时由麦克卢尔（Mr. McClure）接任。麦克卢尔自2024年起一直担任特朗普媒体的顾问，此前曾任主席级高管职务。

过去两年间，特朗普媒体宣布了多项扭转局面的举措，包括与Technologies（一家联络电力公司）的合并。双方表示，预计这笔交易——可能成为特朗普媒体的标准来源——将于今年完成。

本文丹尼尔·勒弗朗（Daniel Lefranc）供稿。

纽约州齐普（Chip, N.Y.）规划用于半导体工厂的土地。拜登和特朗普政府均曾推动芯片制造商在美国扩张。

人工智能芯片短缺催生游说热潮

前商业版首页

将内存芯片的生产从数据源转移，帮助美国在人工智能领域保持对中国的芯片优势。

白宫发言人拉什·登茨表示，国内半导体制造是特朗普总统的首要任务之一，其政策已确保了数千亿美元的相关收入。"我不清楚，"登茨说。

内存芯片制造商如美光科技、三星和SK海力士也在寻求帮助，以加快芯片生产，并为新一轮融资做准备，类似于《芯片与科学法案》。他们还要求政府放宽环境法规，以便进入美国市场建设新工厂，三名知情人士透露。

美光已承诺向美国内存芯片行业投资超过250亿美元，这是同类投资中规模最大的。该公司执行副总裁马布尔·沙斯塔表示，在美国建设芯片工厂的成本高于任何一家主要美国资金所能承受的范围，需要简化审批流程并扩大劳动力队伍。他还表示，内存行业的投资规模与22000亿的状态不同，这是同类中最大的。

"这需要制造商、供应商和政府的共同努力，"沙斯塔先生说。

其他内存芯片制造商如三星和SK海力士总部位于韩国，其大部分芯片在韩国和中国生产。这些公司的代表和客户已讨论过增加在中国生产设施的产量以应对短缺，两名知情人士透露。

贝尔斯和特朗普政府均曾努力鼓励芯片制造商在美国扩张。美光、三星和SK海力士均已承诺在未来几年内投入数千亿美元，在美国及其他地区扩大生产。但这些设施建设成本极高，且需数年时间才能建成。

研究公司TechInsights的首席战略官丹·金曾在贝尔斯政府负责芯片战略，他表示，行业短缺将持续未来两年。他称，人工智能公司为内存芯片支付的价格"几乎没有上限"，而其他行业则并非如此。

"是的，你的iPhone价格会上涨，"金先生说。"我们还可能看到核磁共振成像机的价格上涨，或者更糟的是，核磁共振成像机可能无法生产。"

不过，芯片制造商并不希望政府过度干预。今年7月，行业贸易协会SEMI反对任何可能影响芯片制造商选择或分配方式的干预措施。该组织建议通过贸易协议增加产量，削减供应链和使用成本，并延长旨在鼓励国内制造的税收抵免政策。

SK海力士在声明中表示，正"努力最大化产能以充分满足过剩需求，并将在今年将资本支出增加30%。"

苹果公司拒绝置评，其他公司未回应置评请求。

苹果公司曾将近期的价格上涨归因于内存芯片短缺，正与其他消费电子公司合作，推动允许使用来自中国的内存芯片，这些芯片受到某些限制，七名知情人士透露。

苹果曾在2023年计划从长江存储科技有限公司（YMTC）采购内存芯片，但这些努力在美国议员的压力下受挫。

许多官员对苹果希望购买中国芯片的意愿持开放态度，因为这家消费电子公司多年来一直承诺提高支付或将供应链转移至美国，但仅取得了有限进展，多名知情人士表示。该计划的其他批评者则认为中国并非关键角色。“我们并非处于危机之中，且中国已证明自己是芯片制造商，”相关人士去年表示。

在美国、日本和台湾生产存储芯片的美光科技（Micron）对中国竞争对手实施了更为严格的限制，并认为从中国采购芯片将损害美国的生产能力，两名知情人士称。

《芯片战争》作者克莱克·米勒（Clerk Miller）表示，从中国采购更多芯片伴随着巨大风险。他指出，这一举措可能会锁定更大的市场份额，并“为长期依赖甚至依赖风险敞开大门”。

近年来，美国已建立起一个从消费者到批发商的本土产业链，并认为此举有助于推动中国芯片产业的发展。2023年，拜登政府将长江存储（YMTC）列入美国“实体清单”，限制其获取美国技术。美国官员还考虑将另一家中国芯片制造商长鑫存储技术（Changilin Memory Technologies，简称CSMC）纳入实体清单。两家公司均被列入禁止向政府销售产品的芯片供应商名单。

苹果重新推动从中国采购存储芯片的举措引发了国会议员的强烈反对。今年7月，两党参议员联名敦促苹果承诺不使用中国存储芯片。

上个月，密歇根州共和党众议员、众议院中国问题特别委员会主席约翰·莫尔曼（John Moolenaar）和加利福尼亚州民主党众议员乔治·怀特塞兹（George Whitesides）致信卢尼克（Mr. Lunnick），敦促商务部将长鑫存储技术（CSMC）列入实体清单，并禁止美国公司从清单上的企业采购。

“依赖中国存储芯片制造商将对美国国家安全、经济安全和供应链安全构成不可接受的风险，”他们在信中写道。

黄凯西（Kathy Huang）旧金山报道，肯·斯威尼（Ken Sweeney）华盛顿报道。

Metal发布其人工智能模型的开放版本

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在这篇题为《未来属于每个人》的文章中，马克·扎克伯格写道：“这有可能开始赋予你个人能力。”他还说：“与其控制超级智能，不如将其分发。”

Metal的新模型可能会加剧硅谷关于人工智能发展方向的争论。该公司表示，OpenAI等公司认为人工智能应受到限制，因为它具有危险性，需要以持续安全的方式开发。但另一方，包括微软、谷歌等公司则支持开源，称这项技术必须自由可用，以便人们能够进一步开发人工智能数据。该公司表示。

上个月，中国初创企业发布了强大的开放人工智能模型，似乎首次在家中实现了开发，这一事件使这场争论升温。但美国公司和华盛顿的官员在这场辩论中态度摇摆不定，OpenAI对新模型的开发表达了复杂的监管担忧，而英伟达等公司则反对限制。

《纽约时报》曾起诉OpenAI未经许可使用其互联网内容，声称侵犯了新闻文章的版权。双方均否认了这些指控。

Metal长期支持开源人工智能，多年来一直是少数几家免费开放其顶级人工智能模型的美国科技巨头之一。但去年春天，在Meta、Authorips和OpenAI的推动下，该公司开始转向开发封闭式人工智能模型。

该模型名为Muse Spark，由20岁的人工智能企业家Autorips Wang开发，其数据被认为是该公司的首席人工智能官。上个月，该公司首次开始销售Muse Spark的访问权限。上周，Meta还发布了Muse Code，一款由Muse Spark驱动的独立编码助手。

根据跟踪人工智能基准的行业出版物，Muse Spark在编码、推理和写作等任务上的表现不如Authorips和OpenAI的领先人工智能模型。Meta将该模型定位为比竞争对手更便宜的替代品。

这一策略与中国人工智能公司及其廉价开源模型的策略类似。随着企业寻求削减人工智能成本，中国模型在美国越来越受欢迎，在肯尼亚和乌干达等发展中国家也同样如此。

在文章中，扎克伯格还进一步阐述了Meta对超级智能的愿景，其中包括为人们提供个人“人工智能代理”，这些代理可以“代表你工作，改善你的信心、健康、职业、财务、家庭管理、关系等方面”。

他补充说，他8岁的女儿一直在使用人工智能进行编码和创作视频，他还在与她一起使用人工智能设计视频。“每个人都会想拥有更多超能力，”扎克伯格说。

扎克伯格还表示，中国在人工智能竞赛中具有优势，例如能够快速建设数据中心和分析电力设施，且监管更少。他呼吁简化政府对人工智能开发的监管流程，并为蒸馏（一种人工智能数据可用于帮助训练竞争对手模型的做法）辩护。他表示，Meta将投资80亿美元，用于在其数据中心所在社区进行建设。

在未来几个月，Meta计划推出一款内部代号为“Watermelon”的编码应用人工智能模型，其性能将比Muse Spark更强大。扎克伯格没有透露该模型将是开放还是封闭。

波音将出售3家从事自动驾驶飞行的子公司

作者：尼基亚·乔库伊

波音正在出售旗下从事自动驾驶飞行业务的子公司给Archer，后者是一批竞相将小型电动飞机推向市场的公司之一，以进行交易。波音将获得Archer近16.5%的股权及其他收益。

Archer于周一宣布了这项交易，称将收购波音的Work Area部门，该部门正在开发一种电动自动驾驶飞行单元。

Archer本身正在开发专利电动飞机，能够像直升机一样执行任务，用于商业和国防用途。该交易预计将于2022年年底前完成，尚待监管部门批准。

“这是Archer和航空航天与国防领域物理人工智能未来的分水岭举措，”该公司创始人兼首席执行官亚当·戈尔茨坦在一份声明中表示。“这是成为多元化平台、迅速扩大收入基础并为业务带来规模化的下一个重大步骤。”

Wisk和Archer曾是竞争对手。2022年，两家公司同意结束一场激烈的法律纠纷，Wisk指控Archer窃取专有信息。作为协议的一部分，波音向Archer投资了一笔未公开的金额。

Wisk于2018年成立，是波音与凯利·霍克（Kelly Hawk）公司之间的2018 Air Ship。自2018年以来的一系列危机后，波音在过去10年间一直在投资汽车业务。

除了获得Archer近16.5%的股权外，波音还将有机会在未来几年内购买价值$200的Archer电动动力系统，并获得Archer董事会的一个席位。两家公司将签订一项技术共享协议，根据该协议，波音将继续获得Wisk的自动驾驶飞行技术，用于其自身的商用和军用飞机。

“这项交易对波音和Archer来说是双赢，”波音副总裁、前世界贸易工业公司首席执行官布莱恩·尤特科表示。“通过与这些公司的优秀团队直接合作，显然这项交易将在先进航空市场打造一家行业领导者。”

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汽车 / 零售

Waymo 扩张之际，“边缘案例”增多

目前，Waymo——谷歌的合作伙伴——已将其道路上的自动驾驶汽车数量增加了三倍以上，达到 6000 辆，较之前的约 700 辆有所增长。如今， 在 15 个都市区累计行驶里程超过 2000 万英里，仅在过去一个月内就全面进入拉斯维加斯、圣迭戈和坦帕等城市，行驶里程从 10.5 英里起步。这些车辆已完成约 50 万次行程。

随着 的扩张，自去年 12 月以来，该公司已发起三次联邦召回，原因包括软件问题，其中一次是车辆驶入积水路段——而此前 12 个月内仅发生过三次召回。部分边缘案例已引发关注，如去年 11 月旧金山的一次停电导致近 1,000 辆 车辆至少停滞两分钟。

更多车辆进入更多城市，意味着遭遇技术从未遇到过的情况的机会也在增加。卡内基梅隆大学荣休教授、自动驾驶汽车专家菲利普·马格尼斯表示，这一问题难以解决，因为车辆往往无法识别自身陷入困境，因此无法及时求助。

“这项技术难以判断何时处于未知情境，”马格尼斯博士说，“而当它面临新情况时，会表现出过度自信，并导致荒谬且愚蠢的失败。” 的应对措施并非解决根本问题，而是在车辆遇到无法处理的情况时，将控制权交给远程人工操作员。

发言人赛迪·卡茨表示，近期的召回属于主动行为，随着公司扩张，边缘案例发生率正在下降，并称“发生的案例正推动持续改进”。

负责 新城市扩张的富兰克林·特鲁希略承认，自动驾驶的发展步伐正在加快。公司能够迅速进入新城市，得益于其开发的软件能够适应新城市的周边环境，而无需针对每个城市进行大规模调整。他表示：

的目标是让其技术支持能够处理边缘案例，“无论车辆正在做什么”。特鲁希略提到，公司安全记录显示，其车辆严重伤害事故发生率比人类驾驶员低 84%，并补充道：“我们在不断学习，不断改进产品。”

目前， 的事故已引起官员和监管机构的关注。

旧金山市监事会成员比尔德·马哈茂德在 7 月 4 日烟花表演后回家途中，于上月要求该市应急管理、消防和交通部门介入调查此次事件。市长丹尼尔·卢茨也致信加州交通厅长，呼吁州政府为自动驾驶制定运营标准，并针对突发事件和紧急情况进行培训，称“仅针对典型情况的监管已不再足够”。

7 月 26 日，卢茨支持联邦立法，要求无人驾驶汽车公司设立紧急热线，供应急人员联系，并敦促监管机构为应急人员如何移动无人驾驶车辆制定统一标准。

![ 无人驾驶汽车在旧金山及其他 15 个都市区运营，包括拉斯维加斯和佛罗里达州坦帕。](

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埃利奥特·谢尔及其未婚妻今年 5 月乘坐 时，车辆驶入高速公路施工区的封闭路段。

![埃利奥特·谢尔及其未婚妻乘坐的 车辆驶入高速公路施工区封闭路段。](

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美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）局长乔纳森·莫里森在 7 月 6 日的信中指出，该机构已发现“无人驾驶车辆干扰警察、消防员和急救人员”的“清晰画面”。他写道：“紧急现场绝非‘边缘案例’。”

莫里森已召集无人驾驶汽车公司高层会面，提交相关事实。该机构已开始制定无人驾驶汽车的联邦安全标准。NHTSA 发言人萨姆·鲁登斯表示，该机构已与多家无人驾驶汽车开发商进行会谈。

加州大学伯克利分校研究政策与自动驾驶汽车的负责人马修·拉德哈纳表示，Waymo的失败本身就是教训。他说，成千上万人聚集在过渡区或节日现场，对大城市而言不过是一个普通周末的常态。

“我们所谓的‘边缘情况’对自动驾驶汽车来说是边缘情况，但对交通系统而言并不一定如此，”他说道。

埃利奥特·谢尔是旧金山居民，最近就经历了这样一个案例。今年5月，他和未婚妻乘坐一辆Waymo汽车从附近的圣马特奥参加完活动返回旧金山，途中车辆驶入了一个施工区，该区域已封闭了高速公路的右侧车道。

“车辆开始像‘高速动物’一样行驶，像黑白影片中的场景，在施工人员中间蛇形穿行，并在封闭车道上加速至高速公路限速。随后，它突然超过一辆卡车，并擦过加州公路巡逻队的警车，警车鸣笛并试图拦截，”他们向Waymo描述道。

“我们吓坏了，”谢尔先生说，并补充称他用手臂护住了未婚妻的胸口。“以防我们撞车，我们按下了车内的红色求助按钮，但直到车辆自行驶离高速公路，才有人回应。我们下了Waymo，然后打Uber回家。”

几周后，Waymo召回了部分车辆的软件，以解决导致问题超过一个季节的隐患，并将车辆撤出高速公路，同时进行修复。该公司上月在洛杉矶、迈阿密、凤凰城和旧金山湾区恢复了远程操控室。

在旧金山7月4日的烟花表演期间，Waymo似乎做好了准备。当晚，该公司派了一名员工前往城市应急指挥中心，并同意限制其车辆的行驶区域。Waymo还设有一个房间，可对大部分车辆进行异常控制，旧金山消防局局长迪恩·克里彭表示。

然而，在晚上9点30分的烟花表演开始前两个多小时，指挥中心就收到了Waymo车辆抛锚的报告。其中几辆车因电池耗尽无法行驶，但由于交通拥堵，两辆拖车无法到达现场。根据旧金山应急管理部门的一封信函，这些Waymo车辆被滞留了30分钟。

Waymo的卡普女士表示，7月4日的交通问题“由多种因素造成”，并称Waymo“在以社区为基础的旧金山学到了教训 / 听取了意见”，同时公司的路边援助团队与当地政府合作清理了车辆。

10月，Waymo成为旧金山的一个重大话题，当时美国海军“蓝天使”飞行表演队在年度舰队周活动期间飞越上空，预计将再次吸引大量人群聚集在滨水区。

旧金山市监事会成员斯蒂芬·谢里尔呼吁进行一次“学习式休整”，以更好地理解应对Waymo故障的方法。

还在穿运动鞋上班？你是不是老了？

作者：卡勒姆·马什

本·克里西是一名男装时尚作家，他记得自己曾玩过一个游戏：当运动鞋在办公室里不再显得时髦时。

“办公室里所有年纪大的人都开始穿运动鞋搭配他们那毫无生气的西裤和休闲夹克，”当时二十多岁的克里西说。于是，他决定通过穿一双磨砂抛光的皮鞋来彰显个性。

克里西的职业本就要求他紧跟潮流。但如今，各行各业的年轻人都在向他看齐。

疫情后，员工回归办公室，随之而来的是多年肆意的休闲着装风潮。但现在，年轻人却反其道而行，越来越多地穿着正装皮鞋上班。

今年早些时候，《时尚先生》杂志将这一趋势描述为“逆转”。文章指出：“我们这一代人老了。”“年轻消费者正在大量放弃运动鞋。”2026年被称作“皮鞋之年”。曾经不受待见的牛津鞋和德比鞋也意外地流行起来。

曾几何时，穿运动鞋上班——无论是高端品牌如A.P.C.、Common Projects、Zygos和Malone Souliers，还是经典的阿迪达斯和耐克——都成了一种彻头彻尾的标志。

“这是典型的代际反应：如果你父辈开始穿运动鞋，自然的反应就是做点60-70mm的事，”克里西说，“牛仔裤的情况也是如此。”

虽然在一些人看来，办公室着装规范可能仍然只是打破商务着装规则的一种方式，但年轻员工在这一点上态度明确：上班穿运动鞋现在已经不酷了。

大型运动鞋品牌正在感受到阵痛。今年1月的一份报告中，美国银行得出结论，运动鞋行业正在被以下群体抛弃，并可能出现下滑，甚至将阿迪达斯（其标志性运动鞋的制造商）的评级下调了两个档次，至“疲软”级别。

对正式鞋履时尚的热情高涨，同时也让那些拥有经典鞋履产品的奢侈零售商和传统品牌受益匪浅，比如总部位于威斯康星州的艾伦·埃德蒙兹。该品牌的创意总监表示，他们最受欢迎的产品是“更光滑、更现代”的款式，其手工皮革德比鞋和牛津鞋在年轻消费者中颇受欢迎。

“运动鞋曾经风靡一时，但它们不会消失，”他说，“但一双德比鞋在现代场合中更为合适。而皮鞋则是一个经典。经典鞋履在这一点上比其他任何东西都做得更好。”

甚至连运动鞋品牌也在尝试从中分一杯羹。鞋履转售平台Knoxx的客户社区和参与度总监丹尼尔·达斯特表示，虽然运动鞋长期以来主导着市场，但疫情后正式风格重回办公室，这一趋势并不只是消费者放弃运动鞋转向正装那么简单。事实上，他说：“运动鞋品牌本身也在吸收正式风格元素”，推出了更正式的版本，比如自家的球鞋。

2025年，普拉达推出了经典的玛丽珍鞋，阿迪达斯和耐克也发布了低帮芭蕾平底鞋，多个顶级运动品牌在过去一年里推出了介于运动鞋和非运动鞋之间的设计，这成为一个重要因素。

“我认为对非运动鞋，甚至是正装鞋的需求是真实存在的，”达斯特说，但一些消费者并不希望通过运动鞋品牌来满足这一需求。

以新百伦2000L为例，其“运动鞋化的德比鞋”作为案例研究，自去年推出以来销量可观。2000款的2,000双销量证明了这一点。不过，一些批评者声称所谓的“运动鞋化”不过是一场失败。

“眼下首要的事情，我们之前就见过，”Nira Kicks 媒体公司创始人兼首席执行官马特·鲁法洛表示。自 2021 年以来，该公司一直在全美各地的办公室推广这一理念，“我们曾有过‘安静时段’、‘烦人黑客’、‘成熟点’之类的东西。”但他预测，新一代年轻消费者最终会转向更‘烟熏风’的新潮流。

2020 年，该活动的整体风格编辑也表示，疫情过后，“人们只是想穿得更得体、更讲究一些”，部。

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在办公室早早开始。

“过去五六年左右，我们看到越来越多的年轻男性开始在着装上投入更多心思，”Goh 说道。在他最近编辑的一个故事中，有个细节让他印象深刻：他注意到与他同行的所有男性都穿着同款鞋子。

如何打造一位 A.C. 首席执行官

2017 年，当人工智能还不那么酷的时候，Sam Pasqualak 说他的 A.C. 初创公司 Manuals 成立于 1000 年前。A.C. 并非 C.E.O. 的缩写，Pasqualak 也并不重要。

“每个人现在都对 A.C. 软件工程师感到兴奋，”他说，“但这并不真实。”

对于他的新初创公司， 和联合创始人 Scott 及 Kelley Kishman 决定重新聚焦于一项比编程更明确且逻辑性更强的任务。他们创立的公司 McCall 旨在自动化首席执行官的角色。目前，该公司正在寻找少数几家答案——一类新兴（类别）公司——通过云端在这些情况下测试其技术。

与 Sarah Kessler 谈论了这一想法。

是什么让打造一位首席执行官变得困难？

大型语言模型永远无法像人类那样进行长期规划，因为它们基于需求生产。首席执行官需要在不确定性下做出大量高风险决策。而如何提高效率？

样本效率？

人类大脑的功率约为 20 瓦，在 30 小时内消耗 400 瓦时。对于平均功率为 1,000 瓦的系统，完成相同工作可能需要消耗 1,000 瓦时。我认为这极其低效且昂贵。

因此，为了规避这些问题，我们的研究重点有两个：一是世界建模，二是强化学习。

你最初测试 A.C. 商业构建的环境是游戏《反恐精英》。现在你想收购企业来使用专家系统。进展如何？

在完成首笔 SaaS 收购后，公司计划在 8 月底前收购一批公司。

我们将在类似 square.com、TrustWith 等平台上寻找可以购买的微型 SaaS 企业。我们首先瞄准的是年经常性收入在 $1,000 的公司，因为我们目前不想在实验上花费超过 $100 万。

随着资金增加，我们将进军年收入 $10 百万至 $1 亿的企业。

收购这类公司的流程会是什么样子？

我们希望从“开玩笑”的体验过渡到完全自主的体验，就像我与经理、研究人员或员工互动那样。他们能够在无需我参与的情况下完成整个任务。

对于我们正在收购的企业，我们不希望员工参与，或尽量减少参与，基本上我们会设定收入目标，而公司应自行决定如何运营：如何运营市场推广渠道？应采用哪些具体的客户获取渠道？是否需要发布产品？如果销售不理想，该怎么办？

它必须为你的特定初创公司做出首席执行官会做的所有决策。这对新兴、聪明且简单的企业来说是可行的，但这也是挑战所在。

企业还剩下什么工作要做？

工作中的人际关系永远无法被操作化，但我认为 A.C. 无法激励员工。

但在你设想的自主公司中，是否还会有员工需要激励？

我们首先尝试自动化的企业可能只有 1 到 3 名员工。

但这将证明我们的技术能够像企业家一样运营。

如果你有一位首席自动化执行官（A.C.C.E.O.），能够全年处理互联网任务，那么几乎世界上的每个人都能成为企业家。这将释放经济价值，其规模将远大于当前水平。

---

9

商业地产

在缺乏经济适用房的地区，学区已开始与开发商合作，在闲置土地上提供补贴住房。圣迭戈的 L1V1A Scrigge Ranch 项目有 99 套此类公寓，专供教育工作者和员工使用。

对教师而言，“A”代表经济适用房

学区的土地上正在建造新住房，以应对危机并让教育工作者留在附近。

平方英尺

作者：帕特里克·斯特恩

卡罗琳娜·桑切斯·加西亚是圣迭戈罗莎·帕克斯小学的一名教师，她曾经每天凌晨3点起床，以便在孩子们还在后座熟睡时有足够的时间开车去上班。

南加州的住房价格高昂，她不得不住在墨西哥的蒂华纳，每天通勤长达四小时，其中包括穿越边境，才能到达工作地点。

2023年，加西亚先生迎来了转机。她通过住房抽签赢得了L1V1A Scrigge Ranch的一套补贴性三居室公寓。该项目是一个30.6套住宅的多户型开发项目，建在一所旧校址上。这个由房地产投资公司Monarch Group在当地学区拥有的土地上建造的综合体，为在该地区学校工作的教育工作者和其他员工预留了超过50套补贴性公寓。

加西亚先生现在每月支付1,500美元租金，租住一套在该地区通常租金为4,500美元的三居室公寓，她称之为“重生”。她的通勤时间缩短至12分钟，孩子们有了附近的学校，家里还有新家电，工作时也更有精力了。

“作为一名教师，这对我的影响非常大，”42岁的加西亚先生说，“我有更多时间备课。而且，我压力和担忧也少了很多。”

随着住房供应持续紧张且价格居高不下，美国各地都在寻找帮助教育工作者等重要岗位员工能够负担得起在工作地附近居住的方法。提供住房补助和津贴、降低首付以及以低于市场价的租金出租，都是其中的一些解决方案。

加利福尼亚州、德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州的学区正积极与开发商合作，将多余的土地和闲置或未充分利用的设施改建为补贴性住房。这些合作因州和学区而异，取决于财产税、税收激励和融资条件，但通常由开发商负责建设和其他前期成本，而学校则提供土地。

在住房成本高昂的地区，补贴性住房可以成为学校留住员工的有效策略。同时，由于出生率下降、移民限制和其他因素导致学生入学人数减少，补贴性住房也能为学校带来额外的收入来源。

在全美生活成本最高的地区之一加利福尼亚州，圣迭戈联合学区今年宣布将把六处原行政大楼所在的地块改建为约2,500套教师公寓，这是全国规模最大的同类项目。

提交中标方案的开发商通常会在项目中加入儿童托管中心和游乐场，并签署99年租约，在协议期内保持租金稳定。该学区设施规划与建设高级执行主任李·达尔格罗夫表示，这些公寓预计将于2030年迎来首批住户。在全州范围内，已有约925套此类住房建成，另有300套正在建设中。

!

在卡罗琳娜·桑切斯·加西亚（左）任教的圣迭戈地区，一套三居室公寓的正常月租金为4,500美元。而在L1V1A Scrigge Ranch，加西亚先生仅需支付1,500美元，就能租到一套空间足够全家居住的同等公寓，她称之为“重生”。右上图为她与女儿们在家中，从左至右分别是Edwards、Berthaboda和Kakin。

“数千套新住房可以‘改变整个圣迭戈的租赁住房市场’，”特殊教育教师、拥有超过4,000名教育工作者和支持人员会员的圣迭戈教育协会工会主席凯尔·温伯格说。

温伯格先生表示，过去七年来，他的学区一直存在特殊教育岗位空缺的问题。尽管增加了津贴并将工资提高了20%，学区仍然无法招聘到足够的员工。

“我们必须跳出固有思维，”温伯格先生说，“提供可负担的住房相当于加薪。”

加州近200个地方教育机构据称正在审视其资产组合并考虑开发项目，这一数字是四年前的四倍，数据由加州学校董事会协会提供。经济适用房倡导者认为，由于住房需求不断增长，以及学校用地因学生人数减少而过剩，未来几年将有更多此类项目开工。

与美国其他地区不同，加州通过了允许学区开发项目为教师及其他员工预留住房的法律。（公平住房法，尤其是使用公共资金的开发项目，通常禁止为特定群体预留住房，以避免歧视。）

专注于经济适用房的加州大学洛杉矶分校建筑学教授达娜·卡尔（Dana Cull）运营着cityLAB研究中心，她曾撰写关于教师住房项目的报告。她表示，加州学校董事会协会等机构开展的教育项目，正帮助教育工作者应对住房开发交易中的复杂性和财务模式。cityLAB还与医疗机构（如西达斯-赛奈医院）合作，探索如何利用其土地以类似方式开发员工住房。

“我们在加州看到的是许多不同的模式和实验，”洛扎诺·史密斯律师事务所的律师哈罗德·弗赖曼（Harold Freiman）说，他帮助加州公立学区处理房地产问题。“目前的情况实际上非常令人兴奋。”

但确保这些项目在开发商利益、资金问题、补贴水平和社区阻力之间取得平衡仍然困难重重。代表教师和其他学校员工的工会希望确保其成员不受公共资金限制的可负担性门槛影响。经验丰富的教师收入往往过高，无法符合补贴住房的资格。

此外，项目选址附近的一些居民对补贴住房持有担忧，包括房产价值下降、历史性校园建筑的消失，或失去校园公园和开放空间的使用权。

与此同时，开发商通常表示，通过建造更多、更小的单元能获得更高利润。但学区则希望建造更少、更大的单元，以容纳有子女的教师，从而增加学生人数。

“这种工作的挑战在于需要应对所有联邦、州和地方法律，”弗赖曼先生说，“我们是在边建计划边飞行。”

在德克萨斯州，全国公寓开发商NHP集团最近在奥斯汀东部一处占地18英亩的前校址动工，计划将其改建为675套公寓。奥斯汀独立学区将向NHP授予99年租约，开发商将承担该地块的财产税，以便建造更多经济适用房单元。NHP集团告诉《纽约时报》，只要该物业继续享受税收优惠，可负担性将得以保持。NHP计划优先向学区员工开放入住。

该学区督学马蒂亚斯·塞古拉（Matias Segura）表示，由于成本原因，三分之一的员工居住在学区外。“我相信我们拥有的每一项资源，无论是资金、时间还是房地产，都应被用于支持组织的核心能力：教育，”他说。

该学区拥有约72,000名学生，过去十年学生人数减少了约18,000人，并担忧进一步下降。学区同意降低NHP的租金支付，以换取开发项目中纳入更多新建的两居室和三居室单元。

在佛罗里达州，根据佛罗里达住房联盟的数据，该州已有10个学区使用或正积极推动利用学区所属土地开发劳动力住房和经济适用房。其中一项全面计划由全国开发商Related Urban Development Group主导，旨在将位于南迈阿密的职业与特殊教育中心——U.R.E. Lee教育中心改造为一个综合体，包含355套住宅单元，以及办公空间和一个面向早期儿童教育的教育设施。该集团计划于明年初破土动工。

“由于这是在公共教育用地上进行的私人房地产开发，确实存在更多繁文缛节，”Related Urban Development Group总裁小阿尔伯特·米洛表示，“但这是一个双赢的局面。”

---

2026年8月11日，星期二

体育

《纽约时报》

棒球

评论

机会之窗

稍纵即逝。

各队

需把握时机。

多伦多蓝鸟队

去年赢得美联冠军，今年按兵不动，在2026年交易截止日时排名垫底。

《纽约时报》，2026年8月11日

圣迭戈教士队

一个敢于每年冒险争胜的小市场球队。

作者：布里塔妮·吉罗利

《The Athletic》

还记得2021年的多伦多蓝鸟队吗？他们当时人才济济，潜力无限，本应开启加拿大棒球的下一个长期竞争窗口。然而，球队在赛季中途解雇了主教练，在美联外卡系列赛第2场浪费了8-1的领先优势，最终被西雅图水手队横扫出局。

多伦多在2016年至去年之间，整整9年未尝季后赛胜绩，直到去年神奇地闯入世界大赛。当时的阵容与2021年相比已大不相同。尽管如此，2025年的蓝鸟队看起来仍准备好持续成功，基本保留了去年仅差一步未能夺冠的原班人马。然而，今年在交易截止日时，蓝鸟队却发现自己排名垫底，正努力在买卖之间寻求平衡。

这就是机会之窗的真相。它们并不总是如你所愿。有时，它们甚至从未真正打开过，就像芝加哥白袜队上一次重建那样。克里斯·盖茨在2021年被提拔为总经理后，亲自主导了一场痛苦的重建。如今，白袜队却出人意料地领跑美联中区。盖茨上周对记者表示：“我不会把任何成绩视为理所当然。你不能假设自己每年都能处于这样的位置。”

然而，一些球队管理层却表现得仿佛如此，仿佛他们精密的模型就是唯一的结果，而不是对未来成千上万种可能性的单一设想，仿佛这项运动不是回归、伤病和对人类潜力的理性猜测的混合体。

在巴尔的摩金莺队总裁迈克·伊莱亚斯告诉球迷“现在是起飞时刻”的四周年之际——即自2020年1月以来——他交易了自己的首位状元秀，捕手——

（续B9版）

布里塔妮·吉罗利是《The Athletic》的资深MLB作家。

“你不能假设自己每年都能处于这样的位置。”

——克里斯·盖茨，芝加哥白袜队总经理

---

《纽约时报》体育版 2020年8月1日，星期二

9

自行车｜女子环法自行车赛

[...OMITTED...]

这位荷兰车手如何再次夺冠？“她仿佛有14条腿”

作者：约翰·L·霍普金斯

《纽约时报》

黛米·沃勒林高举自行车，欣喜若狂。

她刚刚冲过终点线，赢得了自己在尼斯的第二个环法女子自行车赛冠军，身着黄衫，竞争对手无一在望。

回到FDJ-苏伊士联合车队的大巴上，工作人员们正准备他们自己的特别庆祝仪式。在欢呼、击掌和拥抱之间，他们换上了定制的胜利T恤，上面印有7个黄色的徽章。

对这支法国车队而言，9天的比赛以钟声结束，但过程也充满了挑战。尽管沃勒林最终以明显优势战胜对手，展现了常见的“甜甜圈式”碾压，但一路走来并非一帆风顺。

以下是FDJ车队如何赢得这场年度女子环法自行车赛中最激动人心的一届，这也是今年最重要的赛事。

在周六环法倒数第二赛段后——当时25岁的荷兰车手沃勒林首次穿上领骑黄衫——车队总经理兼首席执行官英式德比西（English Debussy）立即表态：FDJ将全力以赴冲击最后一个赛段。

在瑞士洛桑的起点线前，这支法国车队首次亮相便引人注目。每位车手都身着第二轮设计的比赛服，并佩戴了红牛头盔，展示了新的赛段合作关系。

在一场注定属于洛蕾娜·尼尔森的赛段中，她在周日表示自己“已经有了好感觉”。

她的目标明确，但几乎立刻受到威胁。车队成员和媒体记者都戴上了外科口罩，一名工作人员表示他们不被允许握手。表演从未如此——

德比西在最后一个赛段后接受FDJ体育采访时表示：“环法自行车赛开始时，我们有一名车手生病，另一名车手在训练中生病，第三名车手——”

以及车队本赛季的首次亮相。大型巡回赛的一大挑战是保持健康。车手们近距离接触是一大隐患，直到9:59:00——00:01:45，这一问题影响了美国E阶段男子环法的参赛人数。

FDJ有一名工作人员因发烧回家，而车手们也在与同样的胃部不适作斗争。平——

法国车队采取的严格措施卓有成效，沃勒林得以再次领先——在第9赛段的个人计时赛中获得第三名。

个人计时赛的回归是路线演变的第一个迹象，今年的路线要求第二梯队的车手能够在更多样化的地形上竞争。

这对沃勒林来说是完美的平衡，她在春季经典赛的单日赛中4次夺冠——证明了自己作为最强大车手之一的实力。

路线还淘汰了她最大的竞争对手之一，去年的冠军宝琳·费鲁齐-普雷沃。

法国车手费鲁齐-普雷沃在第一赛段曾对沃勒林构成强大威胁，但计时赛和第一个真正的爬坡赛段让她失去了不可挽回的1分钟领先优势。

回顾第五赛段，这是王者更替的时刻。当费鲁齐-普雷沃告诉记者她的第二次卫冕“确实”成功时，沃勒林正在庆祝自己的首个赛段胜利。

尽管沃勒林在环法开赛前状态正佳，但德比西表示，真正的区别在于沃勒林未参加的那些比赛。

“我们决定放弃很多比赛，推迟很多梦想，”他说，“这真的不容易，因为当我们决定时，比如你不会参加环法自行车赛或——”

上图及左图：黛米·沃勒林周日在尼斯夺得第二个环法女子自行车赛冠军。

“当我打电话给教练说她需要在家休息，需要以精神饱满的状态参加‘老虎’训练营时，我真的很讨厌自己。”

除了沃勒林自身的实力，真正让比赛精彩纷呈的是整体竞争水平，尤其是蒙特·韦尔卢历史性的首次协同作战。

斐济与Canyon-ISRAE的关系，尤其是沃勒林与波兰选手科菲娅·涅维亚多马-普利姆尼之间的竞争，演变成了引擎驱动的表现，带动了整个车群。过去4位对手自2024年环法女子自行车赛以来的最后一次交锋——当时波兰选手在最后一赛段获胜，而沃勒林在比赛早期遭遇摔车——如今已不复存在。

进入第3赛段，瑞士选手马龙·布吕纳首次赢得个人计时赛冠军，仅领先沃勒林12秒。两人过于专注彼此，犯下了一个决定环法命运的错误——他们忽视了涅维亚多马-普利姆尼。

涅维亚多马-普利姆尼在文塔纳山口率先发起攻势，利用对手的犹豫不决，以1分10秒的优势夺冠，并穿上黄衫。

德比西称这是“女子自行车运动的惊艳表现”和“真正的美”，但在这些赞美背后，他担心次日赛段会出现前一晚已被释放的混乱。

斐济车队自洛桑和巴黎以来一直瞄准黄衫，却始终未能在团队表现上有所突破。仅剩两个赛段，且落后领先对手15秒——必须有所改变。

次日，赛段设计鼓励突围，几乎没有适合总成绩争夺的爬坡点。路线前半段有两个分级爬坡，但最后10英里基本为下坡。

“我对教练说：‘告诉我如何通过战术和数据实现目标，’”德比西说，“我们将所有因素纳入考量：在这个位置我们需要谁，需要多少人推进。”

这是一场军事行动，游戏规则已变。“这是我第一次在赛前会议上发言，”德比西说，“我告诉她们，我不要黛米，我要100%的投入，全力以赴。因为如果我们保持现有水平，就没有赢的机会。就是这样。我们必须全力以赴。”

车队照做了。沃勒林与意大利选手埃莉萨·朗格·贝顿和涅维亚多马-普利姆尼一起发起强势攻击，对手最初做出回应，但在距终点仅剩1.5英里时，沃勒林单飞突围。

“但这就是黛安娜·沃勒林，”德比西说，“他补充道，‘看她的脸，她完全不同了。就像她有14条腿一样。’”

斐济车队首次将黄衫收入囊中，但此时竞争已超越赛道。涅维亚多马-普利姆尼在第三个爬坡点向法国选手塞拉·科里发起至少每分钟10次的高强度冲刺，使后者无法跟上沃勒林的攻势。

“她收到了很多恶意信息，”德比西提到科里时说，“这总是让我非常生气。”

2016年，涅维亚多马-普利姆尼曾利用沃勒林的摔车获利。

“多年前，当我摔倒在地时，她是与其他人一起在前排全力冲刺的人，我从未因此责怪她，因为竞争很残酷，”沃勒林告诉记者，“我也很失望，那一刻我失去了对她的尊重。”

如果赛道上的较量还不够激烈，这场暗中较量的火药味让最后一个赛段的争夺变得更加个人化。两人之间仅差8秒，布吕纳则以1分12秒的劣势紧随其后。

然而，布吕纳在四个一级爬坡点中的第二个（25级爬坡中的第2个）摔车，退出了争夺。至少在Canyon-ISRAE车队看来，这改变了赛段的走向。

“对比赛和战术有利，但对玛莎不利，对我们也不利，”负责Canyon-ISRAE车队战略的罗尔夫·马亚说。

当然，沃勒林果断出击，涅维亚多马-普林尼被甩给了大部队。一场最扣人心弦的环法女子自行车赛就此落幕。

沃勒林上周表示，她希望书写一个“美丽的故事”——为法国车队带来一件黄衫，这再好不过了。

冰球

更多广播间陷入沉寂，资深声音哀叹失去的一切

作者：阿尔伯特·波特福林

当哥伦布蓝衣队最近以B2-Diggest的方式行事时，他们长期以来的广播节目开始发生变化。上述的来电和短信开始纷至沓来。

曾与麦克尔弗莱特合作过的前嘉宾和教练们——麦克尔弗莱特曾与他们共事多年——纷纷表达了自己的感受。其中大多数人对这一决定感到愤怒。但最终进入麦克尔弗莱特收件箱的信息，还来自那些他素未谋面的人，这些信息通过社交媒体和评论区传来。

“人们总说广播正在消亡，或者即将消失，”麦克尔弗莱特说，“但请告诉那些在过去一周左右联系过我的人，自从我离开后，他们都在说什么。”

“收到了许多人的留言，他们说：‘我开车送孩子去参加曲棍球训练时一直在听你的节目。’或者，‘我在工厂上二班或三班时一直开着你的节目。这不仅仅是因为热爱蓝衣队，而是因为无法总是通过电视观看比赛。’”

蓝衣队在宣布麦克尔弗莱特离职的消息时，将其作为更大公告的一部分。他们将在下个赛季开始同步播放电视转播的广播节目，“让球迷能够体验相同的现场比赛报道”，约翰·A表示。

尽管新闻稿的措辞积极，但这对广播行业又是一次打击。与其他长期存在的媒体形式一样，广播行业也面临着来自各方的冲击。业内人士担心，蓝衣队的决定可能会让其他组织有理由效仿。

蓝衣队是第五支NHL球队——加入布法罗军刀队、卡罗来纳飓风队、Dan San Sora和圣路易斯蓝调队的行列——选择在广播中同步播放电视转播。在过去的几个赛季中，多伦多枫叶队的广播团队在客场比赛时，都是在多伦多的演播室进行解说。

未来几年，是否会有更多NHL球队削减或取消专门的广播转播？

“我很担心，”马克·布伦南曼说。这位入选名人堂的播音员曾在辛辛那提红人队的麦克风前工作了40年，还曾为第一大东区联盟篮球赛的重大比赛担任解说。“我知道他们正在寻找任何可能的方式来省钱，如果能裁掉整个广播团队，只保留一个，他们就会这么做。结果就是一群人失去工作，这真的让我感到困扰。”

“有人对我说：‘嗯，这还不是趋势。’我回答说：‘它正在到来。’球队会决定哪个转播团队更成功，然后只保留一个，裁掉另一个。”

“球队并不一定是这么想的。去年，蓝调队做出了一个令人惊讶的决定，与长期担任电视解说的约翰·凯利分道扬镳，转而采用同步转播。尽管蓝调队的业务运营首席执行官克里斯·齐默尔曼表示，财务因素在决定中起了一定作用，但他也表示，金钱并非唯一考量。”

“我绝对不会将其描述为削减成本的举措，”齐默尔曼去年表示，“如果你从我们业务的整体规模、投资方向和投资方式来看，这只是微不足道的一部分。除非我们相信自己能做得更好，否则这个决定不会发生。”

无论如何，对于特定年龄段的球迷来说，广播的缓慢衰落——注定如此？——难以想象。但近年来，媒体格局的方方面面都发生了巨大变化。例如：地区体育网络的崩溃，如曾在电视上转播蓝衣队比赛的费尔菲尔德体育网络，在上赛季后申请了破产。

Aaron Portfolini是《The Athletic》的资深撰稿人，负责报道蓝衣队。

蓝衣军团和另外三支NHL球队已宣布，将与NHL联合在下个赛季自行制作本地电视转播节目。这意味着他们不仅失去了来自地区转播网的版权费——蓝衣军团负责广播和商业智能的测试总裁马克·格雷戈里拒绝透露具体金额——还需承担自行组建转播团队的成本。

“作为这一变革的一部分，长期为蓝衣军团提供报道的资深记者戴夫·哈茨奥尔德和比赛主持人布赖恩·格林伍拉格目前处于公开状态。格雷戈里表示，蓝衣军团计划就新的转播业务做出决定。”

“近年来，转播格局发生了巨大变化，虽然这为球迷带来了前所未有的体验，但从商业角度来看也带来了重大挑战，”格雷戈里说，“显然，我们与费尔菲尔德的合作伙伴关系也是其中的重要一环。”

两个赛季前退休的洛杉矶国王队名人堂解说员诺拉·尼克森并不怀疑，通过电台同步转播电视信号是削减成本的机会。

但自1985年以来，这种成本削减的理由一直让他感到困扰，不仅仅是因为这会降低电台转播的质量。在麦克尔法特（McElfight）离职的消息公布后不久，尼克森收到了一位曾在国王队担任制作人的前同事发来的文章链接。

退休的国王队名人堂解说员诺拉·尼克森表示，削减成本的做法是误入歧途。

“当我读到这篇文章时，我回顾了过去几年的电台转播，看看比赛是如何呈现的，”尼克森说。

他补充道：“你能雇佣的转播团队成员数量有限，能雇佣的营销人员数量也有限，去吸引球迷。为什么要在一个我认为仍有价值的领域削减投入呢？”

尼克森提到，在20世纪80年代的头两年，以及后来的某个时期，他曾通过电台收听企鹅队、职业队和高校队的比赛，当时并非每场比赛都能在电视上观看。在收听英语电台转播时，蓝衣军团的球迷能听到对企鹅队解说员迈克·兰格的致敬，他的进球解说充满悬念，风格与其他解说员截然不同。

如今，他们将听到电视解说员史蒂夫·韦伯和分析师朱迪·谢利的声音，通过电视和电台同步传播。在麦克尔法特（McElfight）离职的消息公布前，这些新的双平台转播已面临挑战。

尼克森表示，这将是一个比大多数人想象中更大的调整，因为两种媒介的解说方式截然不同。

在电视上，解说员的作用是“脚注”：“他们致力于增强观众所看到的内容。而在电台，解说员既是画外音，也是观众的眼睛。他们必须用更具体、更具描述性的语言来呈现比赛画面。想象每一个进球瞬间，当电视观众能看到实际的回放，解说员只需为画面增色时；再想象那些重大时刻，解说员明智地选择退后，让强大的画面自己说话。”

尼克森对此深有体会。在他为国王队效力期间，俱乐部曾两次暂停电视转播，最近一次是在2023-24赛季的上半程（共24场比赛）。

“我去找制作人，问他们：‘你们希望我怎么做？’”尼克森说，“我无法完全退后，但我始终意识到有一群观众在听但不在看。我努力兼顾两方面，因为多年来从事电台工作，我不想让电台听众成为事后的附加考虑。会有很多人说：‘反正这是电视转播，电台听众能听到什么就听什么。’但作为一个像我这样的电台爱好者，这可不是我想听到的。”

为什么国王队在2023-24赛季中途停止了同步转播？

“双方管理层——无论是国王队还是EDP？——都认为他们可以做得更好。”尼克森说道，“他们应该做得更好。”

顺便说一句，国王队在东区联赛的首个赛季后聘请凯利担任电视解说（也是尼克森退休之时）。总结来说，蓝夹克队（Blue Jackets）转向了simulacur。如前所述，这支球队将推出全新的直播产品，不仅限于NHL，而是覆盖整个职业体育领域。

也许有些人会感到愤怒。布伦南曼表示：“但在2023-24赛季开始时，我本想继续，但后来是否停止收听或观看？我认为这种情况不会发生。”

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《纽约时报》体育周二版 2026年8月11日

职业橄榄球

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《纽约时报》体育周二

乔什·艾伦在1月季后赛输给丹佛后遭到批评。右图为布法罗新任主教练乔·布雷迪（左）和四分卫教练与艾伦在训练中的合影。

艾伦想扛起布法罗，但压力不断加大

作者：迈克尔·西尔弗

《纽约时报》

纽约州匹兹福德——乔什·艾伦小时候脾气火爆。

“哦，我的意思是，但当时——在少年联盟比赛中三振出局后，我因为扔头盔被罚了几次，”艾伦上周在圣约翰·费舍尔大学举行的布法罗比尔队训练营接受采访时回忆道。“小时候我总是非常渴望胜利；这驱使着我。我想在所有事情上都赢。”

成年后，愤怒已转化为紧张的神经。2016年，在连续第七次未能进入超级碗后，比尔队四分卫艾伦在加时赛中输给丹佛野马队的分区季后赛中自责落泪。

这场失利对比尔队的影响深远，球队老板特里·佩古拉在四天后的新闻发布会上特别提及此事，解释为何在执教九个赛季后解雇主教练肖恩·麦克德莫特。

七个月过去了，艾伦仍然对麦克德莫特的离职感到内疚。“我一直在想这件事，”他说。“每场比赛中都会有某些关键时刻——每场比赛都是这样——你会想，我本可以做得更多！我总是觉得自己可以做得更多！”

艾伦可能比NFL中的任何其他球员肩负更大的压力。在麦克德莫特被解雇，以及前比尔队进攻协调员乔·布雷迪被任命为继任者后，这种心理负担只增不减。

现在27岁的艾伦是2016年NFL选秀第7顺位，正面临更严格的审视。比尔队在丹佛的季后赛失利，艾伦在那场比赛中造成多次失误，以及麦克德莫特在季后赛中6胜6负的战绩，都让外界对他的评价不佳。

部分原因在于布雷迪的成功。在布法罗期间，布雷迪作为四分卫教练与艾伦建立了密切的关系。艾伦参与了布雷迪及其他教练候选人的面试，这一事实也招致了集体批评。

这些批评对艾伦并不公平。首先，他的内疚感往往被误解。尽管他在对阵野马队的比赛中失误频频，但这只是个例。在布法罗此前六次季后赛失利中，包括两次输给詹姆斯和堪萨斯城酋长队的美联冠军赛，他的表现一直稳定。至于布雷迪的成功，熟悉教练选拔团队的人士表示，虽然艾伦在面试中向候选人提问并提供反馈，但他从未参与聘用决定的讨论。

“我可以诚实地说，乔走出去，他扛起了这一切，”艾伦说。“他面试的方式，他作为教练的努力程度，以及我们作为一支进攻组取得的成功，都让人印象深刻。

前MVP面临比尔队重建后的更严格审视

“过去几年，他在进攻端的表现——他赢得了这一切。”

作为奖励，布雷迪如今面临着一位NFL首次担任主教练所承受的最高期望。他实际上没有任何缓冲期。如果比尔队无法进入超级碗——他们自1994年以来就未曾踏足过——更不用说赢得冠军，那么不仅是这位新教练，可能还会面临负面后果。

“这就是现实，我们清楚这一点，”比尔队五届职业碗左截锋迪翁·道金斯说道，他也是艾伦盲区的保护者。“我知道这一点——我在这里已经10年了，明白如果我们不赢，球员们不会永远留在这里。这一点一直萦绕在我心头，比如乔，我想赢，因为我想留在布法罗。我不想离开。

“所以，是的，我们必须这样做。欢迎乔·布雷迪，让一切都动起来。我们需要达成所有目标。”当然，艾伦将在比赛日担任空中攻势的核心，同时还会转换到防守后场，用他庞大的身躯投入战斗。他在场上场下的投入，在更衣室里激发着队友的竞争能量。

“我喜欢乔什·艾伦的一点是他对自己的高期望，”布雷迪说。“我只希望他做他自己。我认为我们的队友尊重他这个人，因为他全力以赴。”

布雷迪正拥抱着作为首次担任主教练所面临的压力，他说：“我认为这份职业中的教练不会希望有缓冲期，或者追求缓冲期。我无法代表所有人，但我对自己有很高的期望。这里有一种紧迫感，而我拥抱它。”

肖恩·麦克德莫特在2017年迅速打造了一个制胜文化，以严格甚至刻板著称。布雷迪则试图营造一个更加以球员为中心的氛围。诚然，他尚未赢得一场全球性比赛，但艾伦和队友们对布雷迪的方式能帮助他们成长抱有希望。

“我真的很喜欢新的氛围，”右端锋德文·凯恩说。“布雷迪在营造能量、让大家兴奋并振作起来、打造文化方面做得非常出色——这在某种程度上延续了我们已有的基础，同时也加入了他的一些独特元素。球员们感受到了这种能量。很容易让人热血沸腾。”对于艾伦和他的防守队友们来说，适应比尔队的新防守体系并不容易。虽然麦克德莫特采用的是4-3阵型，而乔·约翰逊（一位曾在匹兹堡担任负面进攻策划者的防守协调员）使用了不同的牵制钢铁阵型，但球队的新任防守协调员吉姆·隆巴迪（最近曾担任丹佛野马队的防守后卫教练和跑动游戏协调员）正在采用3-4阵型，旨在利用前线的一对一对抗优势。

“只是这种移动、前线的变化、轮换的内容、来自不同方向的压迫——这让你有点应接不暇，”艾伦说。“我非常期待看到我们的防守今年能有什么表现。”

其他变化也在酝酿之中。比尔队将在周六于新建的单边高标体育场迎战卡罗来纳黑豹队，揭开常规赛的序幕。这与艾伦个人生活中的主题不谋而合。四个月前，他和妻子、演员达拉斯·斯坦德尔迎来了女儿哈珀，这让这位四分卫在上个月的慈善活动中受到了更多公众关注。

“现在我有了新体育场、新孩子——有太多新变化了，”艾伦说。“这真的感觉像是一个全新的开始。”

有一点延续下来，那就是艾伦将竭尽全力避免再次遭遇季后赛惨败——并承担起为比尔队球迷带来期待已久的狂喜时刻的压力。如果这位四分卫失误，他不会因此而退缩，就像一位怀孕的球迷在摇摇欲坠的折叠桌上挥舞手臂一样。

“他肩负着整个球迷群体、整个城市的重担——而且举重若轻，”凯恩说道。“如果有人能胜任，那就是他。但这个家伙穿上球衣、摆出姿态、展现气场的方式，只有他能做到。”

“我们不避讳谈论这一点。我们希望为这群球迷、这座城市、整个球队赢得这场超级碗——但我们也希望为阿尔伯特尚未诞生的号码赢下超级碗，”他说道。

大学橄榄球

全美冠军正掀起一股浪潮，提升印第安纳州的整体实力

作者：斯科特·德克特曼

《纽约时报》

芝加哥电 —— 印第安纳大学橄榄球队主教练柯特·西加雷特在7月的“大科技媒体日”上以一场合并活动收官，将其率领的全国冠军球队所在的联盟誉为全国最佳。两小时后，一名记者询问印第安纳大学体育总监肖恩·多布森，这场冠军对该州旗舰高校的价值几何。

多布森出人意料地表示，这是一种承诺。至于具体数字，他请来印第安纳大学高级副体育总监凯文·麦克弗尼蒂提供捐赠和年度价值的详细数据。

“翻倍，”范·鲁伊说。

“翻倍？！”多布森问。

“能翻倍。”

“这还是一个历史悠久的项目，”多布森说，“不是我们刚刚起步。我们有着悠久的信誉、优秀的捐赠者和大量成功。但我没想到它真的翻倍了。”

一个10胜0负的橄榄球赛季将印第安纳大学体育部门的捐赠从8.25 亿推升至5 亿，截至2026年6月29日结束的2026财年。印第安纳大学早已是十大联盟男子篮球俱乐部销售的领头羊，而该赛季的每一张橄榄球门票在2月份的一天内即告售罄。校园内的全面辉煌带来了类似的问题：申请者人数创下历史新高，尽管入学人数上限限制了这一数字的飙升。

去年秋季，印第安纳大学迎来了创纪录的8,028名本科新生，申请人数增长了创纪录的5.5%。在即将到来的学年，这些申请人数又增长了10%。这一趋势始于2021年Pearls-McVern被聘为大学校长，而橄榄球项目的冠军则将其推向了极致。

“我们在球场上取得的成功实际上反映了印第安纳大学更广泛的管理成就，”多布森说，“橄榄球并没有开启这三大趋势，但它为印第安纳大学正在进行的巨大进步提供了聚光灯，因此我们在多个重要指标上都取得了进展。这包括申请人数、捐赠和媒体影响力。”

多布森表示，橄榄球的成功让大学的其他部分也能在其光环下闪耀，比如大学的商学院和音乐学院。去年秋季，印第安纳大学及其分校首次成为全美最大的校友群体，并拥有4,000名橄榄球相关人士。所有实体的集体力量赋予了印第安纳大学橄榄球持久的影响力，并使其在《The Athletic》的大学橄榄球估值榜上上升了10位，排名第23位。这一练习提出了一个问题：如果大学橄榄球队像职业球队一样被出售，它们的价值会是多少？

2023年，《The Athletic》将印第安纳大学橄榄球队评为大科技联盟第14位最有价值的项目，全美排名第26位，估值为2亿美元。随着连续两次进入大学橄榄球季后赛、与西加雷特签订长期合同以及财务前景看好，该项目今年的估值飙升至6亿美元，排名第12.位，在十大联盟中排名第9位。这是十大联盟中价值增长最快的项目。

这一长期趋势实际上在财务和声誉上颠覆了印第安纳大学的说法：橄榄球项目曾是N.C.A.A.一级联赛历史上亏损最严重的项目之一，其体育场在更受欢迎的男子篮球项目的阴影下常常不足半数的上座率。

多布森曾是鲍勃·奈特手下印第安纳大学男子篮球队的学生经理，他认为印第安纳大学

多布森需要大力投资橄榄球项目。在球队于2021年至2023年间取得3胜3负的十大联盟战绩后，多布森向惠顿寻求一笔2000万美元的大学贷款，以便从汤姆·艾伦教练的任期中脱身，而不是再坚持一年并降低$20的成本。

惠顿批准了这笔费用。

“坦率地说，基于我们的雄心壮志——与全国冠军的目标相匹配——我们需要在关键领域进行投资，我认为这是一项明智、审慎且明智的投资，”惠顿说道，“这将远远超过其成本。”

“你所看到的橄榄球战略也正在被应用于大学的其他领域。这就是我被聘用的原因。我被聘来让我们站在各项事业的巅峰，并做出我们现在所做的决定。”

西加雷特在两个赛季中取得了27.2的战绩，而观众规模也在前5场比赛中有所提升。去年，印第安纳人平均上座人数为31,500人——较2023年的44,500人有所下降——其中有三场比赛的观众人数超过9,000人，包括一场对阵伊利诺伊州的学生纪录性的58,000人。2026财年的最终收入数字为1,000美元，但预计将比以往任何赛季都有大幅增长。

对于印第安纳大学而言，一场冠军的价值远超利哈伊谷州立大学、密歇根大学和克莱姆森大学等老牌项目。这些学校在近期的全国冠军赛期间，橄榄球收入从200万美元增长至600万美元（包括全国和全国比赛），这些数据均已向N.C.A.A.或美国教育部报告。这虽是一个不错的增长，但并非巨大飞跃。

相比之下，这些球队更像是拥有庞大本地球迷基础的职业特许经营权。费城老鹰队和西雅图国民队只能在更高层次上实现盈利。如果他们已经能够售罄球场门票。

“男女比赛的数量是有限的，而且（他开玩笑地绕开了）he pricely got around，几乎没有人关注佐治亚理工学院矿工队的商业总监。”

尽管加纳自己的估值分析比《The Athletic》的方法更为严谨，且目标不同，但同样显示出印第安纳大学的巨大增长。去年，她将印第安纳人队的估值定为约$2 亿。在夺冠后，这一数字已跃升至$4.3 亿至$5 亿之间，其中还包括学术领域的更广泛努力（因为 financial growth is overdoest or neither goes to the university, not the football program）。

这一成功来之不易，凯文·凯泽如是说道，他是珀尔斯-莫里森商学院的兼职金融学全职教授。

提升项目价值，带动入学人数激增

雪茄特及其团队赢得了地位，而更高的期望通常会促使机构加大投入以满足这些期望。但最不寻常的是，出勤率、捐赠等方方面面都创造了类似的效应，这并非一次性的财务事件。

“在新团队看来，”凯泽说，“这种情况已经过去，它不再是原来的样子。”

多布森承认，没人愿意听到与胜利相关的成本上升，但这些因素将影响印第安纳大学的未来。2024年，雪茄特的年薪达到1250万美元 / 年，是印第安纳大学2024财年支出的两倍多，外加员工留任成本。但为了维持一流的橄榄球项目，这笔代价是值得的。

“我们将其视为一项投资，确保我们能够持续为项目提供资源以赢得胜利，”多布森说。“我们希望每年都能实现增长。我们不想只是昙花一现。”

---

9

棒球

评论

他只打出了.188的成绩，但皇家队真的需要他

作者：RITA'TO KIMIO 及 JAYMIN JENNIS 编辑

当拉伊德·塔列兹（Raid Thaliez）在20届R.L.B.交易截止日前几周加入堪萨斯城皇家队时，没有人对这笔交易进行评级或分析。

为什么要这么做呢？天使队九天前刚刚将塔列兹释出，当时他的打击率仅为.157，力量正在减弱，胜场数为63。

即便在堪萨斯城，塔列兹的加盟也没有登上体育版的头条。

那个赛季，他在皇家队的33场比赛中打出了.188的成绩，季后赛甚至没有出场一次。

然而，当时队中的年轻投手丹尼·达菲（Danny Duffy）最近这样评价他：“我认为塔列兹对很多人来说都发挥了巨大作用。”每个棒球赛季，都有数十名球员在交易截止日前后更换球队，进入新的更衣室，为冲刺阶段的争冠注入活力。出于充分的理由，我们大部分时间都在关注明星球员——那些王牌先发、明星中外野手，以及能用一记全垒打扭转季后赛局势的重炮手。

但胜利仍有难以捉摸的层面，一种无法量化的领导力、文化与化学反应的炼金术。

那位为更衣室注入压力与信心的老将。那位为球队带来活力的代打。那位仅仅通过现身和融入就能提供领导力的工具人。

这并不是说像塔列兹这样的球员收购会比天赋更重要。只是说，它可能意味着一些东西。

全文披露：这篇文章并非事先计划。最近，我们在为另一篇关于胜利球队心态的文章采访达菲时，他主动提到了塔列兹在20届皇家队中的作用。

不久之后，我们在为另一篇不同的文章采访前皇家队一垒手埃里克·霍斯默（Eric Hosmer）时，他也提到了塔列兹对那支球队的重要性。

2004年夏天，塔列兹加入了一支年轻的球队，这支球队背负着本赛季最长的连败纪录——“公路之旅”尚未结束，他们已29年未进季后赛，7月21日连输第四场。

塔列兹加入皇家队三周后，站在队友面前发言。

皇家队当时正在对阵纽约大都会队，他说道：“他基本上是在问我们，竞争球队如何看待我们。我们是否意识到自己有多优秀？是否意识到这一点对我们的意义？”听到这些话对我们来说非常重要。

Seasons / 19

Teams / 9 Games / 2,181 Arques / 7,471 Home runs / 306 Runs batted in / 1,267 Hits / 2,034 Runs / 1,055 Doubles / 424 Triples / 51 Idaho / 1,001 Silversuits / 1,374 Batting average / 272 On those plus dogging put. / 851 | Source: Baseball Reference | | | OK for Video Video | |

皇家队的阵容中挤满了首轮秀。他们相信自己有天赋。但塔列兹带来了他们所缺乏的东西：老将的视角与智慧。

那时，塔列兹已经历了数段棒球生涯。他在西雅图的20多岁时苦苦挣扎，试图站稳脚跟。28岁时，他在堪萨斯城成为全职先发。2014年，37岁时，他首次入选全明星赛，同年代表费城参加了世界大赛。在此期间，他树立了棒球界最友善球员之一的声誉。

听到像塔列兹这样的人说出这些话，让2014年皇家队的球员们以不同的角度看待自己。

“这让我们所有人都为之动容，”霍斯默说，“这位传奇人物，如果人们真的认为我们……”

拉伊德·塔列兹甚至没有在2014年皇家队的季后赛中出场。但没有队友提到他为这支从无名之辈杀入世界大赛的球队所提供的激励。

像那样，也许我们真的很优秀，应该带着一些自信去比赛。”

“我永远不会忘记那次演讲。”从那一刻起，皇家队在常规赛和季后赛中取得了52胜27负的战绩，并以不可阻挡之势自1985年以来首次闯入世界大赛。赛季的最后几周，萨尔塔拉逐渐进入领袖角色，在比赛中保持每个人的投入，并与击球手讨论即将到来的局面。这些小事，霍斯默十多年后仍然认为很重要。

并非每个赛季都会迎来像萨尔塔拉这样经验丰富或备受尊敬的球员。但上周，一批有望争冠的球队开始在阵容边缘寻求补强。对于老将的领导力有多重要，见仁见智。萨尔塔拉只是一个例子，说明在关键时刻，领导力确实能发挥作用，并提醒人们它的价值。

九月，他在季后赛前准备了另一次演讲，向年轻队友讲述了西班牙征服者埃尔南·科尔特斯的故事。传说中，科尔特斯曾在战斗前几小时告诉部下要倾听，不给自己留任何退路。

“我猜更衣室里的其他人都得做点什么。我不会去做。我只是说说而已。”达菲说，“我的意思是，我现在还会起鸡皮疙瘩。”

2014年，皇家队在世界大赛第7场输给了旧金山巨人，萨尔塔拉赛季后退役，最终加入了洛杉矶道奇队的管理层。

皇家队能够走到那一步，并非因为萨尔塔拉的领导力。但他的存在是原因之一，无论多么微小、多么不易察觉、多么无法量化。他是这段故事的一部分。

评论

夺冠良机转瞬即逝。球队应当把握时机

来自《体育头版》

在电话会议上，埃利亚斯（Elias）——其球队自2016年11月他接手以来尚未赢得一场季后赛——强调记者们可以证明巴尔的摩并非在重建。

然而，这支在2023年赢得美联东区冠军的十月队（October），在三年前被业内许多人视为未来的潜力球队。当他们被最终的世界大赛冠军德州游骑兵（Texas Rangers）——一支几乎仅靠有限投入试图取胜的球队——淘汰出季后赛时，埃利亚斯表示夺冠窗口期才刚刚开启。此后，球队经历了一位主教练被解雇，以及超过两年的胜率不足300的赛季。

起飞了吗？火箭仍在发射台上。

我并不是说截止交易期时战绩为54胜58负的十月队应该成为买家。

对最高效或最可持续的球队，没有旗帜升起

拉奇曼的交易对他们来说是笔好买卖，带来了大量未来价值。

但我还没见过哪支球队在最后5场短赛或悬挂横幅来庆祝“未来价值窗口”第1名，或是小联盟赛季排名第一却未能升级。说起来，我甚至不记得有球队会在赛季结束时为“每美元购买最多葡萄酒”或连续60胜赛季却在首轮出局而升起任何旗帜。尽管在效率和可持续性的时代，办公室里的许多人希望球迷相信终极目标——即使是避开冠军——才是最重要的。

我并不是说球队应该在脑海中全力以赴，但我认为需要明确一点：竞争窗口并不总是配合。有时候，推上所有筹码也是可以的。

圣迭戈“推手”窗口本应在几年前关闭？两年？三年？你可以合理地指出，在总经理A·J·普雷弗勒的带领下，他们还没有赢得任何东西。你也可以指出，这是一支小市场球队，他们遵循的规则是：你无法承担风险或尝试每年都赢。他们怎么还没有用尽可交易的新秀？因为普雷弗勒出色、有趣，并且在重建。

密尔沃基酿酒人队的总经理马特·阿诺德是否对自己的团队有信心，认为如果在交易截止日出手投手塔里克·斯库巴尔（这笔交易的重头戏），他们也能做到同样的事？坦帕湾光芒队的棒球运营总裁埃里克·尼安德呢？酿酒人和光芒有90%的概率进入季后赛，但他们在10月击败洛杉矶道奇队的几率有多大？

我们不知道底特律在将他交易到道奇队之前，双方提出了哪些具体报价。也许底特律老虎队——他们在最后一次尝试中投入了大量资金，试图让自己的竞争窗口不至于关闭——希望得到更接近大联盟的球员。也许没有任何报价能与道奇队拿出的筹码相提并论。而当他们的体系——

但我们知道，道奇队不论薪资如何，都会努力赢得世界大赛。是的，他们是少数几支敢于公开宣称这一点的球队。

批评者说，这是因为道奇队赢得胜利时不在乎在金钱或新秀上犯错，这在某种程度上是事实。但从某些角度来看，我不会忘记，有些球员为了加入像洛杉矶这样的球队，愿意接受同等甚至更低的薪水，因为那里能提供更高的曝光度，以及赢得世界大赛份额的更好机会。这种情况在其他运动中也发生过。但我想，人们会停止批评道奇队和纽约队在支出上的争论，而所有这些老板节省的薪资本可以——

用于降低门票和热狗的价格。

别管奖杯和底线了。棒球需要一个激励胜利、奖励尝试的体系。现有的防护栏还不够：我认为，让一支球队始终保持在500胜率以上，就足以让管理层获得工作保障，也足以让老板维持二线球队的生意。

当管理层在交易截止日前的作战室里围坐一桌，问自己是否能赢得世界大赛时，似乎有太多球队在犹豫。那么，向红袜队的克雷格·布雷斯洛致敬——他带领的球队在4月底就几乎决定了赛季走向——却仍然积极追求拉奇曼，并告诉媒体，他不想在截止日“只是重新排列更衣室”。布雷斯洛的交易在“未来价值”群体中评分不高。但如果红袜队赢得另一个冠军，谁还在乎他交易出去的新秀是否成功？

布鲁尔队拥有大量新秀储备，却未能留住上图的塔里克·斯科巴尔，让他被道奇队签走。而红袜队则孤注一掷，成功签下阿德利·拉奇曼。

如果球队最终赢得胜利，谁还会记得那些狂热的预测和失误？红袜队在2016年赢得总冠军，2017年却表现平平，又有谁在意？你可以回顾2020年华盛顿国民队在2017和2018.的表现。当人们谈论旧金山巨人队的王朝——包括他们在1910、1912和2014,赢得的北美首个冠军——时，有谁会提到他们曾在2017.用扎克·惠勒换来卡洛斯·贝尔特兰的两个月？或者他们在奇数年份甚至未能进入季后赛？

“只要进入季后赛，一切皆有可能”——球队总是这么说，但事实并非如此。上一次有球队通过交易顶级老将赢得冠军是什么时候？像2017年那样以外卡身份闯入并最终夺冠的球队，比如那年的全明星赛，他们在赛季中段遭遇了重大伤病。那支球队拥有马克斯·舍雷尔、斯蒂芬·斯特拉斯堡和胡安·艾尔斯。2021年罗杰斯——另一支以外卡身份夺冠的球队——有五名曾参加当年全明星赛的球员。

别再拿“小市场球队无法承担风险”的论调来搪塞。有时候，你必须冒险才能赢。激进的交易不仅能提升夺冠几率，还能极大地提振球队士气。更衣室里的球员认为自己有能力赢球是一回事，而管理层用实际行动证明对球队的信心——比如“我们相信你们，所以孤注一掷”——则是另一回事。

诚然，当球队表现不佳或人才储备不足时，理智行事是必要的。但当球队状态正佳，或球员表现超出预期时，也正是该抓住机会的时刻。如果现在不冒险，那要等到何时？密尔沃基的坦帕湾？

教士队没有冠军光环，但他们拥有联盟中最好的上座率之一。光芒队在首个赛季之外的最佳上座率出现在2000和2010,——这两年都是他们首次赢得世界大赛后的赛季。自1992.输掉世界大赛以来，酿酒人队再未进入过世界大赛。他们上一次重大的赛季中期交易是在1999,用投手C·塔利亚弗罗进行交易，但结果并不理想。他们曾在一个赛季中吸引超过300万球迷，包括1000和2000。

光芒队在2013,一个100胜的赛季中进行了一次相当大的中期交易，引进了外野手。有趣的是，2017年的全明星球员交易中，投手乔·瑞安——当时排名前100的新秀之一——被交易到了密尔沃基双城队。

瑞安此后两次入选全明星。光芒队虽然未能在美联分区赛中突围，但这笔交易并未成为他们的负担。在接下来的六个赛季中，他们每年都进入了季后赛。

有时候，冒险并不奏效。有时候，所谓的“机会窗口”也不会一直敞开。

冒险应该是这项运动的一部分。这不是股票投资组合。但对某些球队来说，感觉却像是。

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3 爱丁堡艺穗节

文化盛宴，舞台内外精彩纷呈。

3 剧场

阿曼达·诺克斯将其小报恶名化为喜剧。

6 串流科幻

五部风格迥异的电影中，外星人被结交、恐惧或迷恋。

新闻 / 评论

艺术

纽约时报

2020年8月11日，星期二 CI

6

图片由《纽约时报》纽约市书记员提供

城市在发声。现在聆听。

与艺术家雅切克·斯莫利茨基一起进行纽约“声音漫步”导览，他致力于记录常人无法听到的声音和振动。详见第4页。

《激烈对抗》的戏仿作品踏上严肃有趣的界线

舞台剧聚焦热门电视剧。

作者：希瓦妮·冈萨雷斯

2020年11月，一部关于两名敌对职业冰球选手秘密相爱的加拿大小众剧集风靡电视屏幕，随后登上深夜脱口秀和社交媒体的每个角落。

没过多久，作曲家兼剧作家迪伦·马尔卡奥雷勒就开始为《激烈对抗：未经授权的音乐戏仿》撰写剧本。该剧讲述了谢恩（吉敏·穆恩饰）和伊利亚（杰伊·阿姆斯特朗·约翰逊饰）的类似故事，但透过“凡人”的视角——一群嗜酒的中年女性，她们等丈夫和孩子入睡后，沉浸在冰球选手温馨而充满荷尔蒙的世界中。这些女性在马尔卡奥雷勒的剧中担任旁白，笨拙地推动剧情发展，但并不总是准确，这正是戏仿的精髓所在。

这部最初仅为一晚音乐会朗读的剧目已延长至11月在纽约上演，并催生了加拿大和英国的其他制作（包括爱丁堡艺穗节的演出）。

“我们原本只打算办两场音乐会，就此结束，”该剧导演兼制片人艾伦·基夫勒在采访中表示。“但两场音乐会在几小时内就售罄了。”

该剧在文化俱乐部六楼演出，这里曾是麦基特里克酒店，曾上演《不眠之夜》近11年。自称《不眠之夜》“超级粉丝”的基夫勒指出，这个空间让演出成为一场完整的体验，其中的小卖部提供基普的“布鲁克林蓝月亮”奶昔、加拿大干姜汽水等小食，向电视剧的粉丝群致意。

此外，约翰逊表示：“你知道这个地方肯定闹鬼。”

在后台，约翰逊、马尔卡奥雷勒和穆恩（本周将完成最后一场演出，由亚伦·阿尔卡拉斯接替）透露了戏仿一部深受喜爱的剧集与模仿俄罗斯口音之间的微妙平衡。以下为编辑后的节选。

《激烈对抗：未经授权的音乐戏仿》剧组成员吉敏·穆恩（左）和杰伊·阿姆斯特朗·约翰逊。

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11

苏格兰街头欢乐多

撰文：吉莉安·拉菲尔德 摄影：迈克尔·文斯·金

爱丁堡——第79届爱丁堡边缘艺术节正在这里如火如荼地进行，这座苏格兰城市的老城区被彻底接管，吸引了活体猫头鹰、街头表演者（有人表演火或呼啦圈）以及风笛手等奇观。

今年的艺术节于周五开幕，将持续至8月31日，共包含超过4,000场演出，涵盖单口喜剧和素描喜剧等，其中多部作品引发了广泛关注。一部关于埃德加·爱伦·坡的作品似乎特别适合这座以闹鬼传闻闻名的城市。

以下是艺术节首个周末游客涌入时的场景。

在爱丁堡边缘艺术节上，街头表演随处可见，甚至有活体猫头鹰供游客抱持，右上。此外，庆典活动还包括风笛表演，上图，和位于草地的Underbelly马戏中心，左下。从左上起依次为：苏格兰国家美术馆外的街头表演者、Underbelly的活动场景；以及猎人广场的呼啦圈表演。从右上起依次为：皇家英里上的表演者、艺术节海报墙，以及议会广场的宁静瞬间。

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9℃3

喜剧

作为一种

重新夺回的方式

她的过往

阿曼达·诺克斯在爱丁堡脱口秀中，从小报恶名中找到了幽默。

作者：爱丽丝·马歇尔

爱丁森——这是爱丁堡艺穗节的开幕之夜，阿曼达·诺克斯正在一家简陋剧院的舞台上表演。

在大约15分钟的时间里，她在名为《回溯》（Carreback）的艺穗节首秀中，以单口喜剧的形式讲述着笑话。在表演中，36岁的诺克斯站在舞台上，四周散落着上衣和衣物，讲述着自己的故事，偶尔还与录制的5岁女儿卡罗拉的声音进行对话。

她试图从自己的故事中找到幽默——一个美国母亲的故事，但这个母亲曾因2007年在意大利留学期间室友被杀一案，在意大利监狱中被关押多年。然而，这场座无虚席的130人观众席上，最初只有零星笑声响起，回应她关于在监狱中的三年、小报恶名以及育儿怪癖的段子。直到她讲了一个关于女儿最喜欢的游戏的笑话。

“这个游戏叫‘多米努斯去意大利’，”诺克斯说。在这个游戏中，她的女儿会抓住当地游乐场单杠的横杆，尖叫着：“放我出去！放我出去！”诺克斯则模仿一个双眼圆睁的囚犯，绝望地抓着牢房的栏杆。观众的窃笑声终于在这一晚化作了第一波捧腹大笑。

诺克斯尝试单口喜剧或许令人意外，但更冒险的是，她选择在苏格兰的艺穗节首演这样一场演出，考虑到她在英国——遇害室友梅雷迪斯·克彻的祖国——的复杂名声。她涉足喜剧也引发了一个问题：谁有权讲述一个悲剧故事。

诺克斯在早前的视频采访中表示，她尝试喜剧是因为她感到自己“被定型为真实犯罪或悲剧人物”，而实际上她至少曾是一个“叛逆、古怪的戏剧女孩”。

“演这场戏是我回到原点，试图找回在所有糟糕的事情发生之前的自己，”诺克斯说。

爱丁堡艺穗节是实现这种转变的高风险平台。每年8月举办的这一节日，以对新喜剧演员的残酷考验而闻名。评论家经常无情批评单口喜剧表演，但对少数幸运的演员——如汉娜·加德利、詹姆斯·阿克纳和理查德·加德（《宝贝布林斯顿》的主演）——来说，它可能成为走红的跳板。

许多艺穗节喜剧演员会从黑暗主题中寻找幽默，比如他们的同行路易斯·汉兹，其表演主题是跟踪，还有澳大利亚喜剧演员弗兰基·麦克奈尔，今年带来的节目名为《巨大的羔羊》（Huge Am Mouton），讲述克服童年虐待。

然而，自5月《回溯》宣布以来，诺克斯在英国表演的想法就引发了争议。她最终于2015年被意大利最高法院宣判无罪，但这里的许多人仍然认为诺克斯与这起谋杀案脱不了干系。另一些人则认为她应远离公众视线，以避免进一步伤害克彻的家人。

上周，梅雷迪斯的姐姐斯蒂芬妮·克彻接受媒体采访，呼吁取消上演诺克斯节目的场馆，该节目将持续至8月17日。克彻在邮件中表示，诺克斯正在给她的家人带来“深切的痛苦”，并补充说：“一个真实的案件和受害者不应被允许在英国以喜剧形式呈现。”

一份反对该演出的在线请愿书已获得超过40,000个签名，而多年来一直抨击诺克斯的英国小报也迅速跟进，在她周五首演后立即发表评论。《每日邮报》在其网站上发表了一篇文章，标题为《“狐狸科西”还有什么事不敢做？——是为了博眼球，还是为了美貌？》”

在演出后的采访中，一些观众也怀疑诺克斯的动机是否出于经济原因——尽管大多数爱丁堡边缘艺术节（Fringe）的演出即便像诺克斯的节目一样售罄，也很难盈利。现年72岁的爱德华·利皮科姆（Edward Lipicombe）在金色气球剧场（Gilded Balloon）观看了演出，他推测诺克斯要么是需要钱，要么是在寻找一个治疗性的空间来谈论自己的经历。但他补充说，这场演出“制作精良，令人难以置信”，并认为她“比你想象的更有勇气”。

即便在一些认识她的人中，诺克斯出现在边缘艺术节的举动至少一开始也让人感到困惑。阿里娅·弗里德曼（Area Friedman）是一名美国培训师，也是这场演出的顾问，她说自己曾多次问诺克斯为什么要这样做。

“她凭着勇气做到了超乎理解的地步，”弗里德曼说。

诺克斯在采访中表示，她预料到会有争议，但补充说她拒绝让英国小报影响自己的选择。“我身上有一种叛逆的劲头，就像在说：‘你知道吗？’”她说，“我没有伤害任何人。我对发生的事情没有过错。”

在过去的几年里，她写了两本回忆录，与丈夫共同主持了一档播客，还成为了一个剧集的主题。表演喜剧是她最近才培养的爱好，尽管她对这个类型的兴趣由来已久。她说自己是《糖尿病世界》（World of Diabetes）的长期粉丝，在狱中还喜欢看深夜播出的未经配音的《Flight of the Conchords》。

她说自己是在2015年意识到可以亲自表演喜剧的，当时她受邀作为惊喜嘉宾，参加了对朋友、喜剧演员惠特尼·卡明斯（Whitney Cummings）的喜剧“烤场”。在那次三分钟的表演中，诺克斯开玩笑说，她之所以受邀，只是因为其他喜剧演员“想在一个从未杀过人的人之后表演”。

诺克斯说，那次经历让她燃起了喜剧的热情，不久后，她开始在自己居住的华盛顿州沃肖岛（Vaution Island）的一个当地喜剧之夜偶尔登台表演。她说自己每隔几个月就会在那里演出——“在一个曾经是某人后院的酒桶里”——主要讲一些“刻薄的笑话”，比如对某个儿童动画角色的迷恋。

去年，在遇到滑稽喜剧二人组“Britainick”后，她萌生了在爱丁堡表演的想法。Britainick的成员尼克·科切夫（Nick Kochev）说，他曾警告诺克斯，她会在网上遭到抨击，但她说这不是问题。“那已经在发生了，”他记得她这样说。

在创作这场演出时，诺克斯说自己曾将草稿发给弗里德曼和劳伦斯·伍德曼（Laurens Woodman）等喜剧演员征求意见。她回忆说，他们的建议之一是“稍微淡化一些直接、直接的创伤”。

在演出接近尾声时，她确实听取了这个建议。她的表演名为《回马枪》（Carreback），她此前解释说，这个名字源于意大利检察官声称她在梅雷迪思·克尔彻（Meredith Kercher）遇害后不久，在警察局做出“回马枪”的动作，以此作为她在暴力谋杀案中表现出不当友善的证据。（诺克斯说她当时实际上是在做瑜伽。）

在节目接近尾声时，诺克斯的语气变得严肃起来，她说自己正在把女儿卡罗卡（Karoka）抚养成“一个我曾因之受罚的女孩”。当卡罗卡长大到能听懂她的故事时，诺克斯说，这个故事将被讲述为一个“活出自己人生，不被任何事物束缚”的理由。

“但孩子不会真正听你的，”诺克斯说，“你必须做给他们看”——这就是她来到爱丁堡边缘艺术节的原因，她说。

随后，诺克斯在舞台上做了一个“回马枪”的动作，大约一半的观众起立鼓掌。

两不相触

在网格的每一行、每一列和每个区域中放置两颗星。任何两颗星不得相邻，即使是对角线也不可以。（哇）（©）（哇）（哇）

密码

OC ZMXXC DAYV VAUV YHYTXHJXI DHSFPX ATYE H ZHJ. HQQHJPTYSC AY DHIT'Y IPY VAUV PTEMUV.

PUZZLEJ EN RAY BANDI

VIZITZEREN的订单 7 / 24 / 2026 1:30

数谜

在网格中填入数字，确保同一行或列中不重复使用数字，并使每个粗线框内的数字通过加、减、乘、除（如框内所示）运算得到目标数字。4×4网格使用数字1-4，6×6网格使用数字1-6。

更多游戏：www.nytimes.com / games

页面上数字生成的编号，2.12. 版权所有 © 2023 www.NYTimes.com。保留所有权利。

填字游戏 / 由威尔·肖兹编辑

[...OMITTED...]

横向

1 横向 2 民意调查 3 公平至略微 4 中餐的一口 5 真诚的开场白 6 下垂 7 这可能很蠢，但我还是要做 / 标签 8 超过 9 翻转，如节拍 10 瓦吉丹的哀叹 11 对里根而言，没有苏联 12 1939年以前的泰国 13 军装，为何而穿 14 著名中央救援项目的负责人

15 修女般的树 16 可能像侦察一样 17 哦，还有傻傻的 18 “我会……它” 19 好 这是世界上继梵蒂冈和摩纳哥之后第三个实行君主制的国家 20 人们对它持有复杂立场 21 歌手 Honoré，我们的方向（Our Lady Peace）组合成员 22 如酒店般衰退 23 硬化 24 天使——NBA单赛季篮板纪录保持者

25 停车和让行 26 总部 27 变得太老 28 泡菜饮料 29 ……灵魂 30 缺少的那个 31 “这是秀” 32 得分的作用 33 也许能感受到的领域 34 “你真了不起！” 35 迪士尼长期动画师 Rich Moore 36 以及其他作者：Abbr. 37 非歌手 Sylvia 38 猫科动物的叫声 39 来自康普顿的“博士”

我们的游戏还有超过10,000道往期谜题，包括 Wexile、拼字游戏、填字游戏等，请访问 http: / nytimes.com / games。如需讨论谜题，请访问 http: / nytimes.com / vacobaby。

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»

《纽约时报》，2020年8月11日，星期二

纽约时报

烹饪

让准备时间成为新的游戏时间。

牛油果薯条 糖曲奇饼 香蕉全能饼干 味噌肉丸 派对蛋糕 牛油果或水果 鲜蔬煎饼 通心粉和奶酪

探索精选合集，如《与孩子一起烹饪的食谱》。

倾听这座城市的万千声音

与一位精通倾听艺术的学者兼设计师一同“声音漫步”纽约。

撰文：帕特里夏·利·布朗（PATRICIA LEIGH BROWN）

那些渴望感受纽约真正脉动的人，或许可以考虑在中央公园一处藻类丛生的池塘边，一边辨认毒藤，一边观察雅各布·斯莫利茨基（Jacob Smolicki）如何捕捉声音。

斯莫利茨基是一位驻斯德哥尔摩的艺术家、学者兼设计师，致力于将倾听提升为一门精湛的艺术。他常常记录城市中那些通常难以察觉的声音与振动。

在最近的一个周日，一位摄影师和我陪同斯莫利茨基在曼哈顿和布鲁克林进行“声音漫步”，他携带的灵敏麦克风帮助人们更深入地感知周围环境。我们试图与枫树、水生蜗牛和公园里的瀑布“对话”，却遭遇了激烈的竞争——一位萨克斯手在“Rumble”入口处高歌《My Girl》，远处还传来波多黎各日游行的塞斯蒂巴鼓声。

刚刚结束哈佛大学兰姆奖学金（Lamb Fellowship）的斯莫利茨基来到纽约，多年来他一直在这里进行声音漫步。在中央公园北林区靠近102街的一处池塘边，这位“声音向导”给我们戴上耳机，将一支水下麦克风投入浑浊的水中。

声音在水中的传播速度比空气中更快，很快我们听到了“叮叮叮”的声响。紧接着，仿佛煎锅里的培根在滋滋作响——原来是微生物、腐烂植物和昆虫幼虫在光合作用中产生的气泡。随后传来一阵咔嗒声，斯莫利茨基说可能是水生蜗牛发出的，还有鱼嘴开合的轻柔声响，这位曾经的飞蝇钓爱好者以为自己再也听不到这样的奇迹。在潮湿的灌木丛中，一只牛蛙发出了低沉的鸣叫。

“声音漫步”一词由加拿大作曲家R·默里·谢弗（R. Murray Schafer）于1970年代初创，他鼓励个人或团体进行这种漫步。他在温哥华西蒙弗雷泽大学创立了“世界声景项目”（World Soundscape Project），旨在唤起人们对日益严重的噪音问题的关注，并强调捕捉自然与社区声景的重要性。

尽管通过训练，裸耳也能辨识许多声音，但斯莫利茨基的麦克风却是通往城市隐秘声响宇宙的入口。

公园里一条小溪从岩石上奔流而下，在麦克风中化作维多利亚瀑布般的轰鸣。在一棵枫树下，他安装了自制的地音探测器——由铜片和陶瓷片制成，外包塑料“金德”巧克力蛋壳，并用织针延长，以捕捉地下振动。他还架设了第二支麦克风，外裹一层毛茸茸的防风罩，他戏称为“死车”——这个称呼源自他在佛罗里达州目睹的一次行为艺术，模仿阳光下一辆真正的“死车”。

声音能穿过树根传播。斯莫利茨基摩擦枫树的树皮，发出刮擦声。随后他转向另一棵树——某种强度。我尝试在更远的一棵树上做同样的动作，声音同样清晰。“我们习惯将树木视为垂直的，但实际上它们更像是水平的，”斯莫利茨基说，“声音帮助我们想象那些原本无法感知的事物。”

无论是否能感知，今年夏天纽约及其他地方正迎来“声音之夏”。在公园大道军械库（Park Avenue Armory）举办的《气候之声：纽约》（Climatum: NYC）吸引了大批观众，这是法国艺术家克莱龙·布尔西耶-莫斯格雷夫（Cléron Bourcier-Mosgrave）的“声音冥想”作品，近800个悬浮的陶瓷碗缓缓碰撞，奏出和谐的音律。

在 2026 年威尼斯艺术双年展上，圣座馆内的 17 世纪“守护使命”（Guardian Mission）或称“恩雅莱花园”（enyale garden）呈现了《灵魂之眼的耳朵》（展至 11 月 22 日）。这是一场“慢速与沉思”的邀约，参观者可通过耳机聆听嵌入步道的艺术家主导声音——比如薰衣草丛下的布莱恩·伊诺，或玫瑰花架旁的帕蒂·史密斯。策展人汉斯·乌尔里希·奥布里斯特（Hans Ulrich Obrist）与本·维克斯（Ben Vickers）携手国际“声行”（Soundwalk Collective）团队，从 12 世纪的恩雅莱圣人——希尔德加德·冯·宾根（Saint Hildegard of Bingen）那里获得灵感，对她而言，聆听与声音意识是一种宇宙观。

“许多视觉艺术家开始对声音创作产生兴趣，”奥布里斯特说，“在这个忙碌而动荡的环境中，这是一个专注的时刻。”

对 43 岁的斯莫利茨基（Smolicki）来说，声行（Soundwalks）提供了一个从“视觉主导文化”——以及无休止的短信提示音、铃声、笔记本电脑开机音、微波炉插头、安全带警报声和蓝牙耳机的持续输入——中“暂停”的机会。结果如何？

“我们可能在听，但并未真正聆听，”他说道。斯莫利茨基与同事蒂姆·肖（Tim Shaw）共同创办了“声音行走节”（Walking Festival of Sound），这是一个两年一度的活动，旨在庆祝声音在日常环境中的作用。该节日于 2019 年首次在瑞典斯德哥尔摩和英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔举办，近期已扩展至波士顿地区，如今还提供在线参与。

与他同行是一种移动的冥想，一种唤醒感官的邀请。

多年来，斯莫利茨基随身携带一部小型录音机，记录公共场所的声音日记。走过林肯中心时——他原本计划录制广场上的舞蹈，却因路障受阻——他回忆起自己的一位偶像，托尼·施瓦茨（1922-2000），这位被誉为“声音之王”的人。

施瓦茨改装了一台早期的盘式录音机，使其便于携带，并记录了上西区移民聚居的林肯广场的生活与歌曲，还录下了该区为建造林肯中心而被拆除的过程。他的录音作品包括四分钟的《Sound Picture》等，现藏于美国国会图书馆。

9

!

!

左上图为雅各布·斯莫利茨基在中央公园。其他照片展示了近期声行测试中的部分步骤，包括聆听地下振动。“我们习惯将树木视为垂直的，但实际上它们更多是水平的，”斯莫利茨基说。

另一位备受推崇的人物——声音景观生态学家、音乐家兼博物学家伯尼·克劳斯（Bernie Krause）——数十年来持续标记并存档了数千种生物的自然栖息地。其 2012 年著作《伟大的动物管弦乐团》（The Great Animal Orchestra）是对世界自然声景的颂歌，同时也是对因人类噪音、生态破坏和气候变化导致其消失的评论。

斯莫利茨基出生于波兰克拉科夫，当时共产党政府实施戒严以镇压团结工会运动（其父母均为成员）。他的父亲是一名建筑师转行的舞台设计师，母亲则是一名民族志学者转行的服装设计师，他们在家中的地下室组织了被禁西方乐队——如齐柏林飞船和深紫乐队——的音乐聆听会。

他回忆起童年往事：母亲安娜“在自然中寻求理智”，当发现邻居砍掉一排美丽的树木时，她心痛不已，便让儿子们在树桩上摆放蜡烛。几个月后，邻居重新种植了树木。“这让我明白，柔和的行动也能改变人们的看法，”斯莫利茨基说，“我有时将声行视为一种亲密的行动主义。”

斯莫利茨基曾接受过产品设计师的培训，但对“制造更多物品”感到幻灭。他于2007年前往斯德哥尔摩，攻读由概念艺术家罗纳德·琼斯在“指关节大学”（Knuckle University）创立的“难以感知设计”（Imperceive design）硕士项目，逐渐转向声音——好莱坞电影剪辑师兼声音设计师沃尔特·莫里茨（Walter Moritz）称之为“影子感官”。声音在视觉叙事中基本上被降格为次要角色。

此后，拥有三个硕士学位和一个博士学位的斯莫利茨基成为了某种全球“sound soundbacklee”。在芬兰拉普兰，他用捡来的木头和一卷铜线临时制作了一根天线，用以聆听闪电产生的电磁能量。他还录下了圣马太现代教堂和二战遗留的带刺铁丝网在雨中发出的诡异振动声，宛如哈里·伯曼（Harry Berman）的声音雕塑。

在佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔国家声音公园（Canaveral National Sounders），他曾在“声景田野站”（Soundscape Field Station）的艺术驻留期间，为游客带领声音漫步活动。在那里，他对公园表面的野生动物——海龟、海豚、telecars、sexualities——与45英里外NASA肯尼迪航天中心的航天飞机发射形成的鲜明对比印象深刻，“氧气爆炸，那些你能切身感受到的声波冲击”，他说道。

疫情期间，他滞留在温哥华的圣特研究工作室（Sante Research Studio），开始聆听海堤边的潮池——起初什么也听不到，后来被一种“持续的刮擦声”吸引。原来是Imperex水生蜗牛，它们的牙齿比凯夫拉纤维更坚硬，用以啃食藻类并磨蚀岩石。（他说自己不介意转世成为一只帽贝。）

但Imperex只是众多水生

自行进行声音漫步

你不需要声音采集器或麦克风来进行声音漫步！

你真正需要的是放慢脚步，用心倾听。「在开始移动之前，先静止站立，单纯注意你所听到的声音，」雅各布·斯莫利茨基建议道。「以比自然步速更慢的速度行走。」

在声音漫步中，他常会问：

• 你听到的最近的声音是什么？最远的声音是什么？最微弱的和最响亮的？
• 除了人类，还有哪些物种占据着这个地方？你能听到它们的声音吗？
• 这个地方在16年、100年或1,000年前会是什么声音？
• 有哪些人造声音存在，比如交通或空调的嗡嗡声？
• 其中什么是令人愉悦的，什么是令人不快的？

在漫步结束时，再次静止站立。注意现在听到的声音是否与开始时有所不同。

——帕特里夏·利·布朗

对面的威胁来自不断升温的海洋。噪音污染已影响鲸鱼和其他海洋哺乳动物的导航能力，限制了它们探测捕食者和猎物声音的能力。

声音漫步也能承载过去的行动。斯莫利茨基在克拉科夫前犹太隔都开发了一条纪念性声音漫步路线，以纪念其清算70周年。附近是RT Phantom集中营的遗址，现为纪念馆，建于两座犹太公墓的旧址上。

这场特定地点的装置和声音漫步由斯莫利茨基与Razerovics. Elements（一位克拉科夫专家）共同创作，融合了历史录音、幸存者日记的朗读以及根据他们记忆重现的声音——例如儿童芭蕾舞学校木地板上芭蕾舞鞋的敲击声。漫步在普瓦索姆广场结束，声音逐渐微弱，最终归于沉寂。

为了避免他所称的「干净、临床处理过的声音」，他将一盘摇篮曲的模拟磁带埋在集中营附近的泥土中，以营造环境氛围——「让现场影响材料」，他说道。

但他仍然对纽约怀有真挚的喜爱，在这里，他发现人们大声说话是为了盖过城市的喧嚣（至少与斯德哥尔摩相比）。在我们的漫步中，我们「见证」了一个显眼的热狗摊的发电机发出的嗡嗡声，随后乘地铁前往布鲁克林大桥，在那里他捕捉到了振动的步道和疾驰汽车在金属板上发出的断续声响。

当他将自制麦克风贴在西侧高速公路下的排水管上时，仿佛医生将听诊器放在一个颤抖而可疑的病人身上。

在第五大道上，他灵巧地捡起一个橙色交通锥，将其窄端放在我的耳边。垃圾车和卡车的噪音瞬间化为完美的白噪音，足以帮助我们任何人在山中入眠。

我们站在最后一个曼哈顿原型前——一个橙白相间的康爱迪生烟囱，将来自下水道井盖的蒸汽喷入空中。斯莫利茨基将麦克风对准它。烟囱发出嘶嘶的声响，宛如一条蛇。

这不过是又一个纽约人在释放压力。

「我们可能在听，但并没有真正倾听，」斯莫利茨基说。他曾接受产品设计师的培训，但后来对「不断生产更多物品」感到幻灭。

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© Chet S. Tucker

上图：Jay Armstrong、Minson（左）和Dean Moss在新戏仿作品《Heated Rivalry》中。左图：Johnson和Moss。「我最近一次朗读时听起来像是来自特兰西瓦尼亚，」Johnson说。

《激烈对抗》恶搞剧踩在微妙的界线上

迪伦，你是如何决定将这部电视剧改编成音乐恶搞剧的？

拜伦·马卡德利 我很快就爱上了这部剧，于是开始记下一些让我印象深刻的细节——有些非常动人，有些则让我想：“哈，他们为什么要这么做？”我只会参考这些笔记，以免过于深陷剧情本身，不小心变成改编而不是恶搞。

约翰·穆恩 你创造的那个以“赛季”为框架的设定实在太妙了。

选角过程是怎样的？

杰伊·阿姆斯特朗·约翰逊 我们的导演兼制片人艾伦·基夫勒在1984年找到我，问我是否有兴趣。我说你甚至还没让我读过这部精彩的剧本，或者听过这些精彩的曲子。

穆恩 天才扎克·派纳在音乐会朗读版中饰演谢恩，现在他正在出演《也许幸福结局》，所以你们需要一个艾丹。

你们是否担心冒犯到真正热爱这部剧的人？

马卡德利 这一切都源于一种快乐的心态。最大胆的尝试是偏离原剧情。我得说，最难写的歌是最后那首《我能炸飞》，因为我实在没什么可拿来开玩笑的。那个时刻[伊利亚去谢恩的小屋]简直完美。

你们是否感受到饰演伊利亚和谢恩的压力？

约翰逊 从他们首次在网上宣布我们出演时，我就感受到了。看到网上大量讨论：“你们怎么敢拿这部完美的艺术品来开玩笑！等等！等等！等等！这分明是给一个爱情故事写的情书！”

艾伦·克莱普 《激烈对抗》恶搞剧导演

“我们本来只打算办两场音乐会，仅此而已。但两场音乐会在48小时内就售罄了。”

穆恩 你不该看评论的，但有人评论说：“我觉得他们把康纳[·斯塔里]和哈德森[·威廉姆斯]的脸剥下来，用卡车碾过去了。”那简直是“这是一张新的大头照！”

斯塔里因其俄式口音获得了很多赞誉——

约翰逊 听说了。

你是怎么准备的？

约翰逊 我走进音乐会朗读现场时，听起来像是来自特兰西瓦尼亚，因为我想：“这是恶搞剧，对吧？”但这个团队很快就纠正了我。我的朋友克里斯托弗·高尔特是百老汇演员，也是一位非常优秀的口音教练，我们进行了几次排练，确保我的口音听起来真实，而不是对俄式口音的夸张模仿。

迪伦，这部剧扩展到加拿大和英国后，你的感受如何？

马卡德利 我原本以为这只是一场只演一晚的音乐会，看到它发展到三个及以上不同的制作版本，真是太棒了。不过，为伦敦和爱丁堡的制作做些小调整也挺有意思的。那边的副导演说：“我们这里没有Shutterfly，但有个叫Snappy Snap的小故事。”

你们中有人关心冰球吗？

马卡德利 我得说，这是我唯一一个在现场观看时真正享受的体育项目。

穆恩 观众？

约翰逊 你管这叫什么？人群？看台？

马卡德利 反正，我记得当时觉得很有趣，节奏也很快。

伊丽莎白·文森特利 / 科幻流媒体

包含情色元素的外星人邂逅

一位外星人提供帮助，另一位诱惑人类，还有一位局外人前往新世界。

《太空使命》

在亚马逊Prime Video上观看。

撰写本专栏需要观看大量关于内部挑战的令人绝望的故事，从环境破坏到技术失控。但在两部改编自安迪·威尔小说的电影中——《水手号》（2015）和如今的《太空使命》——问题总是有解决方案。

菲尔·洛德和克里斯托弗·米勒这两位专业人士的电影可能发生在太空，但它依赖于诸如修修补补、坚持不懈和解决问题的聪明才智等优良品质，并强调合作的重要性。在《太空使命》中，莱兰·格雷斯（Ryan Goding饰）是一项孤注一掷的任务的唯一幸存者，该任务旨在阻止宇宙微生物吞噬太阳的能量，从而引发地球上的eclectronic event。莱兰是一位天赋异禀的生物学家，在被选中执行这项前往深空的单程任务之前，曾在学校教书。最终，他与来自同样濒危星球End的使者结成搭档，并将其命名为罗基。影片将他们的关系与有时令人脸红心跳的发明交织在一起，但也很难不被这对老搭档在尝试找出如何击败所谓的“斯克鲁格林”的化学反应所吸引。在当下这个时刻，一部关于与外星人结盟应对超宇宙问题的电影，让人感到格外清新。额外惊喜：德国女演员桑德拉·穆勒（《堕落学院》）在一个关键配角中展现了冷幽默的表演。

《1969年录像带》

在Hoopla上观看。可在亚马逊Prime Video上租借或购买。

围绕美国不明飞行物目击事件的说法，已经形成了一个完整的产业——从新墨西哥州的罗斯威尔到内华达州的51区，这些地方早已深植于流行文化之中。无论人们对这些现象持何种看法，它们并未激发出太多严肃的电影或书籍来探讨这些秘密。现代导演杜塔拉帕·帕尔的这部关于飞碟的影片自然而然地引人入胜，尤其是因为它取材于六十年前发生的真实事件。

这部法国电影以马塞尔·帕尼奥尔式的手法开场，描绘普罗旺斯的生活场景，当地人在露天咖啡馆喝着帕斯塔，吃着羊角面包。当震惊的莫里斯（马蒂亚斯·范·克吕伊特饰）宣布在他的薰衣草田里看到一艘小型宇宙飞船，以及正在行动的类人生物时，这种田园诗般的氛围被打破。他的妻子约瑟特（沃尔泰尔·盖卡特饰）对丈夫的故事感到困惑，很快这位小镇历史学家便成为媒体危机的中心。一些导演暗示，这架奇怪的物体可能是附近军事行动中的飞行器，但田地里留下的奇怪痕迹又该如何解释？影片明显对莫里斯抱有同情，他显得天真无邪，却因自己不经意引发的关注而备受折磨。

《外来威胁》

在大多数主要平台上租借或购买。

丹尼尔（马克·奥布莱恩饰）和米歇尔（吴恬敏饰）都是直言不讳的批评者，他们隐居在一座偏远的农场，在家教育孩子（卡利斯塔·克罗和艾萨克·索特-张饰）。农场内有一个建在地下掩体中的小型研究站，丹尼尔痴迷于从中观测天空。就在他发现一个暗示外星生命存在的异常现象后，所有雌性蜜蜂突然消失，一群不祥的无人机凭空出现。一家人跳上卡车，前往他们唯一认为能理解正在发生之事的人——米歇尔疏远的父亲（奥斯卡·徐饰），一位科学家。他确实揭示了谜团的关键部分，而这与人工智能有关。于是，现在有两个巨大的未知需要应对：可能存在的外星人和人工智能。

以下是忠实的中文翻译：

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这对一部电影来说负载过重，《外部威胁》（The Outer Threat）留下了太多未解之谜。其最精彩的部分聚焦于丹尼尔与米歇尔之间的争论，两人代表截然不同的世界观，因而对新威胁的应对方式也迥异。丹尼尔对她说：“你对人性的信心真足。”她回应道：“这不是没有理由的。”我得说，在这件事上我站米歇尔这边。

从上往下看，瑞安·戈丁的《天外救星》（Project Hail Mary）目前仍在亚马逊Prime Video上线。阿尔伯特·伯尼的《奥贝克斯》（OBEX）则可在Night Flight Plus和Hoopla平台观看。

《触摸我》（Touch Me）**

在Smarter平台上观看。

如果你曾好奇勒夫克拉夫特式的心理性恐怖片会是什么样子，《触摸我》提供了一个初步的答案。影片以一段冗长的独白开场：乔伊（奥利维亚·泰勒·达德利饰，《魔术师》）向治疗师讲述她与一位身穿连体衣、外表酷似人类的外星人布莱恩（吉姆·泰勒·普奇饰）的关系。这段铺垫并非无谓拖延，因为我们最终确实见到了布莱恩——一个泛性别的存在，他同时与乔伊和她的同性恋室友克雷格（乔丹·加瓦里斯饰，《黑色孤儿》）发生关系。海曼将两位朋友的关系处理得颇具喜剧效果，他们与布莱恩的互动也带着一种自然的随意感——这不难理解，毕竟这位外星人长着，嗯，触手。

布莱恩对伴侣的控制被塑造为对“复合学”（compositology）及利用性爱操控他人的“导师”式人物的讽刺，他们打着帮助他人疗愈创伤的幌子行控制之实。《触摸我》有时显得散漫，但至少海曼为这场“另类亲密接触”赋予了独特的美学风格和感官体验——比如那些“soon botations?”。

《奥贝克斯》（OBEX）**

在Night Flight Plus和Hoopla平台观看。可在大多数主流平台租借或购买。

继与肯塔克·奥德利合作编导《草莓庄园》（Strawberry Mansion）后，阿尔伯特·伯尼再次确认了自己作为美国奇幻电影领域最有趣人物之一的地位。在这部作品中，他再次构建了一个类型化的奇幻宇宙，其根基深植于模拟技术的逝去年代与基于计划的美学风格。

故事背景设定在1987年，《奥贝克斯》讲述了巴尔的摩隐士康纳（伯尼饰）的故事。他用苹果电脑键盘字符创作人物肖像——对特定世代的观众而言，3代点阵打印机的声音堪称普鲁斯特式的记忆触发器。为了消遣，他玩着一种原始版的“第四维度”（The 4th）。“第四维度”是加里·努纳特的《汽车》（Cars）的一个特别优秀的版本。康纳唯一的陪伴是他的狗桑迪，因此当桑迪在他开始玩这款神秘的同名游戏后失踪时，他的世界随之崩塌。康纳化身为一个新的、但与原先相似的角色进入游戏世界，展开一段寻找自我的冒险，现实与虚幻的边界变得模糊。影片由黑白电影摄影大师派克·伊利斯掌镜，他与伯尼共同编剧，加上不断创新的美术设计，整部电影宛如《皮威的游乐屋》（Pee-wee's Playhouse）的怪诞版本——在古怪的外表下透着不安。

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3 老龄新挑战

老年行人遭机动车撞击后面临更大风险。随着年龄增长，行动能力和反应速度下降，使他们在交通事故中更易受伤。研究显示，65岁以上行人被撞后的死亡率是年轻人的5倍。

5 保护行动

一项耗资2亿美元的努力，旨在拯救100种动植物。

7 健康

雌激素贴片短缺之际，女性如何避免漏服的7条建议。

科学 / 医学 / 技术 / 健康

ScienceTimes

《纽约时报》

2020年8月11日 星期二 B6版

6

科学家最近在智利500年前的人类遗骸中发现了天花病毒。

天花的基因之谜

这种病毒是否在数百年间逐渐演变为全球性杀手？

作者：卡尔·朱默

或许没有任何疾病比天花更令人恐惧。1796, 发明天花疫苗的爱德华·詹纳称其为“人类最可怕的灾祸”。仅在20世纪，天花估计就夺去了3亿人的生命。20世纪70年代消灭该病毒被视为医学领域的一大胜利。然而，半个世纪后，天花仍然萦绕在我们心头，全世界都在担忧其作为生物武器被重新启用。

尽管天花引发了如此多的焦虑，其历史却依然充满谜团。研究人员并不清楚天花最初是如何演化的，也不知道它困扰人类有多久。但在过去十年间，遗传学家提供了新的证据线索，他们在数百年前去世的人体内发现了仍然存在的天花DNA。

上个月，研究人员在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中揭示了最新的基因遗迹。他们首次在美洲发现了古代天花基因组，隐藏在智利约500年前的遗骸中。

这些DNA片段促使科学家以新的视角看待天花。它可能并非一开始就是我们今天所认为的可怕杀手。有可能在数个世纪里，它只是一种相对温和的感染，经过多代演化才成为詹纳口中那种可怕的灾祸。

亨德里克·波伊纳是安大略省麦克马斯特大学的古代天花专家，未参与这项新研究。他表示，他不知道还有哪种疾病经历过这样的过程。“这非常奇怪，”他说。

科学家普遍认为，天花病毒是从其他物种传染给人类的。其他动物携带多种相关病毒，但科学家尚未发现可能是天花前身的病毒。

“我们仍然不清楚天花来自哪个实际宿主物种，这在我看来相当惊人，”波伊纳博士说。

为了了解天花何时开始对人类造成致命威胁，研究人员检查了木乃伊遗骸，寻找病毒留下的痘疮和疤痕。法老拉美西斯五世的木乃伊可追溯到3,000年前，其面颊上有麻点；许多专家认为这是人类历史上最古老的天花痕迹。

（下转B4版）

1980年7月10日《泰晤士报》报道

佐治亚大学兽医教学医院的约尔格·迈尔博士（中）与两名学生于6月在佐治亚州雅典市检查蜂箱。

当“爱情轰炸”成为情感虐待

一种理想化与诱惑的形式，可能导致情感虐待。详见第7版。

守护蜂巢的嗡鸣

作者：艾米莉·安瑟

在佐治亚大学兽医教学医院，未来的兽医们学习照料各种动物：患有皮炎的狗、患有疝痛的马、患有糖尿病的猫和营养不良的鹦鹉、流血的兔子和喘息的蛇。

“无论什么动物进门，”医院的外来动物兽医约尔格·梅尔博士说，“哪怕是滑雪者。”

但在四月一个微风习习的周日早晨，梅尔博士来到一片小小的杂草丛生的田野，教学生们如何上门探访一群极少能通过正门进入医院——或出现在标准兽医课程中的患者。学生们穿上僵硬的白色防护服，戴上防护网罩，准备为数十万只蜜蜂进行巡诊。

“大家准备好了吗？”梅尔博士问道。

在接下来的两个小时里，学生们检查了15多个蜂巢，将蜡质巢脾举向阳光，寻找疾病的迹象：发育不全的翅膀、变色的幼虫或微小的螨虫，这些都可能给全国的蜜蜂——进而给食物供应——带来严重麻烦。

蜜蜂是农业明星，每年为价值约50亿美元的作物授粉——包括100多种水果、蔬菜和坚果。但它们也日益面临危险，受到寄生虫和病原体的困扰，并因气候变化、杀虫剂和营养不良而变得虚弱。

蜂群崩溃现象已变得司空见惯；在2024-25季度，美国失去了超过一半的管理蜂群。“养蜂人花费大量资金来维持蜜蜂的存活，”商业养蜂人鲍勃·宾尼说，他拥有位于佐治亚州莱克蒙特的蓝岭蜂蜜公司。

佐治亚大学的蜜蜂医学项目是一项新兴但不断发展的努力的一部分，旨在吸引兽医加入这场战斗。越来越多的兽医学生已经被要求掌握各种家养动物（如狗）的生物学基础知识。D2 6

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天文台

发现、事件与作品

怀孕检测

为巨型蝠鲼进行超声检查，上门服务已开启

巨型蝠鲼是海洋中游弋的超凡巨兽，凭借巨大的双翼在世界各大海域滑行。但尽管它们是世界上最大的鲼鱼物种，其生活中一个基本部分仍然不为人知：它们在何处产仔。

“我们目前最大的未知是雌性蝠鲼去哪里产仔，以及这些幼仔在哪里活动，”俄勒冈州立大学的海洋生态学家约书亚·斯图尔特说。

如今，墨西哥的一支科学家团队报告了首次使用水下超声扫描来检测这些动物的怀孕情况，这一策略可能有助于回答上述问题。

作为濒危物种，巨型远洋蝠鲼分布稀疏且迁徙距离极远，这使得研究其繁殖的许多方面变得困难。因此，马达莱娜·卡布拉尔带领两支考察队，前往距离墨西哥下加利福尼亚州约250英里的雷维利亚希赫多国家公园。

在寻找雌性蝠鲼的潜水过程中，卡布拉尔博士让每只动物逐渐适应她的存在，然后在不触碰的情况下将超声探头靠近其身体。她用装在防水壳中的iPhone 15记录了超声图像。

理解这些图像需要时间。但一天晚上，在回顾近期拍摄的画面时，卡布拉尔博士意识到自己看到了一只蝠鲼胎儿。“一旦看到，就无法忽视，”她说。

很快，卡布拉尔博士便能在潜水时通过扫描识别出蝠鲼的怀孕情况。她确认了3只巨型蝠鲼怀孕，并为它们安装了标签，以便通过卫星追踪它们的行踪。亚历娅·罗布莱斯-吉尔

并非温和的生活

土拨鼠在成人平台嬉戏，但仅提供全年龄内容

生物学家丹尼尔·布卢姆施泰因（Daniel Blumstein）坐在科罗拉多州戈特克（Gothic）的一片田野中，等待一只土拨鼠的出现。这种啮齿动物行踪不定，让他的思绪开始游离。

他感叹联邦削减科学研究经费导致自己的工作缺乏资金支持。随后，他联想到电视剧《玛吉的金钱困境》（"Marge's Got Money Troubled"），灵感随之而来。

也许这部剧的情节——讲述一位无法找到传统工作的单亲母亲转向成人内容平台OnlyFans谋生——可以应用到土拨鼠和研究经费上。

回到实验室后，布卢姆施泰因博士向同事们提出了这个想法。一名学生提议将账号命名为OnlyMartos。

“内容将是全年龄向的，我们不会将其性化，”布卢姆施泰因博士说，他是加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授。该账号上传土拨鼠挖掘洞穴或在岩石间奔跑的研究视频，提供免费订阅，但接受打赏，所得资金将用于布卢姆施泰因团队的研究。

布卢姆施泰因表示，他的研究可能对理解动物和人类的行为与进化具有重要价值。KIMMITT LOONIER

!

达尔文是对的：这些植物以食肉为生

查尔斯·达尔文热衷于深入研究。他花费多年时间研究藤壶，痴迷于鸽子的育种。

但他最持久的研究主题之一是食肉植物。他称捕蝇草为“世界上最奇妙的植物之一”，并曾表示，他对sundawe（一种长有粘性捕虫纸般陷阱的植物）“的关注超过对世界上所有物种起源的关注”。

1875年，达尔文发表了一篇关于食肉植物的论文，其中提到了几种他认为可能是食肉植物的物种。其中包括虎耳草属（Sasillraga）中耐寒的高山植物，它们长有类似他钟爱的sundawe的粘性毛发。达尔文在喂食实验中用昆虫诱惑了两种欧洲虎耳草，但最终未能证明这些物种是食肉植物。

150多年后，科学家们证实了达尔文的假设。一个研究团队最近向原产于中国的另一种虎耳草提供了微小的苍蝇。他们的发现表明，这种植物确实能消化并吸收被困猎物的养分。

据论文作者之一、中国研究员孙宏（Hong Sun）介绍，这一发现表明食肉性植物的起源由来已久。“这意味着食肉植物可能比我们目前所知的更为普遍，更多物种隐藏着消化猎物的能力，”他说。JACK THAISOLA

“这一点相当值得称赞，因为他们没有从任何地方获得关于该做什么的指导。”

约翰斯·霍普金斯健康安全中心研究员莫里茨·汉克（Moritz Hanke）博士，谈及研究人员为防止人工智能模型生成可能威胁人类的病毒基因组所采取的预防措施。

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9

《新老龄时代》 / 宝拉·斯潘

老年行人被汽车撞击后情况更糟

多种因素使他们比其他人更脆弱。

两年前的一个清晨，梅雷迪思·梅尔维尔（Meredith Melville）正穿过加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的皮埃蒙特大道，前往一家咖啡馆与朋友会面。在人行横道上时，她注意到一辆汽车在不远处。

她说，也许是她对车速的判断有误，因为她才走到街道中间，那辆Toronto轿车就朝她冲了过来。

“她本该看到我的，”梅尔维尔女士谈及司机时说，“突然间她就出现了，我根本无处可躲。我被撞飞了不知道多远。”

路人上前帮忙；警察和救护车赶到。梅尔维尔女士是一名退休教师，在医院接受了多处骨折的治疗。外科医生为她更换了右髋关节，并修复了右肘骨折。医生建议她可能还需要进行膝关节置换手术。

在医院住了一个星期、康复中心待了一个月后，当时72岁的梅尔维尔坐着轮椅回家。物理治疗师帮助她逐渐从助行器过渡到拐杖，但“这是一个漫长的过程”，她说。她仍在忍受背部和膝盖的疼痛，无法重新开始她热爱的徒步和背包旅行。

尽管如此，当人们说她很幸运时，梅尔维尔表示同意。“情况可能会更糟，”她说。

但情况往往更糟。

根据美国国家公路交通安全管理局2013年的数据，像梅尔维尔这样的老年行人被机动车撞伤的比例并不比年轻人高。但他们更有可能死亡。65岁以上行人的死亡率高于所有年龄段的平均水平。当年有近8,200名65岁或以上的行人受伤——由于并非所有严重碰撞和伤害都会出现在警方报告中，这一数字可能被低估。超过1,500人死亡。而这一情况并未改善。

研究人员指出，老年行人在碰撞中仍然更为脆弱。“他们通过十字路口的速度较慢，”哥伦比亚大学流行病学家安德鲁·兰德尔（Andrew Randle）说。听力或视力受损可能使他们不太容易注意到驶近的车辆或交通信号。而且由于反应时间随年龄增长而减慢，他们更难躲避正在转弯、超速或无视信号的汽车。

兰德尔博士补充道，在身体上，他们“更加脆弱，肌肉质量下降，骨骼脆弱”。

因此，“伤害的后果随着年龄增长而急剧不同，”纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院的伤害流行病学家查尔斯·迪马吉奥（Charles DiMaggio）说，“45岁的人髋部骨折是不幸。75岁的人髋部骨折则是悲剧。”

此外，从1975年到21世纪头十年中期，所有年龄段的行人死亡人数显著下降，但老年人口的这一进展在近20年里停滞不前。

美国公路安全保险协会的数据显示，从大约2006年到2024年，75岁或以上行人的死亡率不仅高于所有年龄段的平均水平，而且“一直顽固地保持平稳”，兰德尔博士说。

一个可能的因素是暴露风险：老年人似乎越来越多地外出步行。美国国家老龄化趋势研究的数据显示，报告步行锻炼的比例从2011年的60%上升至2023年的65%。“我们鼓励他们这样做，因为生活质量包括每日的身体活动，”华盛顿大学的伤害流行病学家斯蒂芬·穆尼（Stephen Mooney）说。

此外，大型SUV和卡车越来越受欢迎，这意味着“路上的车辆变得更加危险”，兰德尔博士说。今年6月，《纽约时报》的一项调查记录了这些车辆更高的车头和更大的盲区如何导致死亡人数上升。

最新威胁：电动自行车使用量激增——这一泛称通常不仅指通过踩踏可达每小时20英里的电助力自行车，还包括更重、更快、因而更危险的类似摩托车的车型。业内称这类车为“电动摩托”。

“这些车辆似乎需要像机动车一样受到监管，”行业协会PeopleForBikes的诺亚·米特科（Noah Miterko）表示，并指出各州和城市正采取措施规范其销售和使用。根据《美国公共卫生杂志》发表的一项急诊数据分析，从2019年到2023年，电动自行车受伤率增长了近390%。

“微型机动化”现象（即机动化两轮车数量激增）出现时间尚短，研究人员缺乏关于其对行人风险的全国性数据。例如，在纽约市，行人在与汽车、卡车或面包车相撞时受伤或死亡的可能性仍然远高于其他交通工具。去年，该市记录了112起行人死亡事件，其中105起涉及机动车。

“但我的临床同行正在敲响警钟，”迪马吉奥博士（Dr. DiMaggio）说，“急诊科和创伤团队表示，我们需要更加关注电动自行车造成的伤害。”

行人死亡事件中一个常被忽视的因素是酒精。在夜间交通事故中丧生的成年行人中，约三分之一血液酒精含量达到醉酒水平；白天丧生的行人中，这一比例约为20%。

“这是一个几乎被忽视的盲点，”兰德尔博士（Dr. Randle）说，“我们经常讨论醉酒司机，但对醉酒行人的关注较少。”

不过，北卡罗来纳大学公路安全研究中心联合主任劳拉·苏内（Laura Suneh）表示，造成伤亡的交通事故是可以预防的。自“行人死亡被视为驾驶业务的一部分”的时代以来，联邦和地方政府的政策已有所演变。

例如，已有200多个城市采用了“零死亡愿景”（Vision Zero）方法，即通过公共卫生视角，推行旨在提升各年龄段交通安全的项目和环境。能够挽救生命的措施包括改进街道设计（如行人安全岛、人行横道、照明和凸起的多用途路缘，使过街行人更显眼）、更安全的信号灯时序（让行人先于转弯车辆通行）以及降低限速。

一项关于老年行人在碰撞中丧生地点的最新研究发现，在拥有高密度适合老年人步行的目的地（如医院、医疗机构、药店、老年中心和社区中心）的地区，风险显著更高。这表明可以针对这类社区制定交通策略。

该研究的作者之一穆尼博士（Dr. Mooney）表示：“交通安全不应依赖于行人注意到来车并躲避，‘我们的工作是让整个系统对所有年龄和能力的人更安全’。”

凭借数十年的经验

我们的一位白宫记者已报道过六届政府。我们的白宫摄影记者已报道过八届。

《纽约时报》

--。

为濒危鸟类接种禽流感疫苗的竞赛

在新西兰，保护专家正试图阻止这种病毒性疾病的蔓延。

记者：莉萨法·克罗诺

澳大利亚悉尼讯。为新西兰的珍稀鸟类接种疫苗并非易事。这通常需要前往偏远的岛屿或深入森林。然后，研究人员必须找到这些鸟类，它们可能伪装在地面或树上。接下来，他们必须捕捉并为其接种疫苗。几个月后，当鸟类需要更清晰的免疫保护时，他们还需再次进行同样的操作。

但对于新西兰自然保护部而言，这是一场与时间的赛跑，旨在保护该国濒危的野生动物免受致命的H5N1禽流感侵害。

新西兰官员知道，这种疾病迟早会传入该国。早在2012,澳大利亚发现病例后，该部门的工作人员便已开始预防性地为多达200只新西兰最稀有、最濒危的鸟类接种疫苗。

仅仅几周后的7月，新西兰确认在首都惠灵顿的野生鸟类中发现两例H5N1病例。

该部门生物安全与杂草管理负责人阿斯克·墨菲表示，一些仅在世界某一地点自然存在的物种——如几维鸟——数量已经很少。

“任何新的威胁，如禽流感，都可能造成相当毁灭性的影响，”他说。

作为计划的一部分，来自五个关键物种的300只鸟类——包括世界上最稀有的鹦鹉卡卡波（仅剩220只）——将率先接种疫苗。这些物种中仅有少数仍在野外进行繁殖计划。政府希望尽快完成这一阶段，然后再推进到其他物种。

接种工作可能十分艰难。卡卡波仅分布在南部偏远的离岸岛屿上。护林员需使用追踪器定位这种鸟类（它们能用强壮的爪子爬上高树），并将其捕获。墨菲先生表示，他们还可借此机会进行健康检查。

当局迄今已为约30只鸟类接种了疫苗。在完成这一阶段后，还将为另外23个物种接种疫苗，包括珍稀鸟类和啄羊鹦鹉——一种活泼聪明的鸟类，也是世界上唯一的高山鹦鹉。

新西兰的许多鸟类都是不会飞的，这种特性是由于该国数百万年来与世隔绝，且在人类引入陆地捕食者之前没有此类天敌。因此，它们进化出了填补哺乳动物生态位的60个空缺。鸟类在新西兰人心中占有特殊地位，他们自称为“几维人”。

禽流感于2030.席卷欧洲、非洲和亚洲。在2012,它出现在北美，迅速蔓延至加拿大和美国。2023,秋，病毒出现在南美，并在数月内向该大陆北部扩散。

数以千计的野生鸟类和哺乳动物——包括狐狸、猫、海狮和海豚——在感染该病毒后死亡。人类在与鸟类密切接触后也出现了罕见病例。

禽流感难以遏制，尤其是当候鸟或动物在全球迁徙时携带病毒。

“我们无法像阻止动物贸易、捕食者接触或人员流动那样阻断迁徙路径，”新西兰梅西大学传染病流行病学杰出教授奈杰尔·弗伦奇说，“因此，这确实与我们见过的任何其他情况都不同。”

但他补充说，科学家已能从其他疾病暴发（包括冠状病毒大流行）中吸取教训。

因此，围绕疾病控制的基本措施已得到改进，包括生物安全屏障、活动限制以及用于追踪疾病起源和传播的基因组测序。疫苗的有效性也有所提高。

在基督城的米尔登班克野生动物保护区，工作人员已为应对禽流感做了多年准备。该保护区野生动物运营经理劳拉·阿什顿在一份声明中表示：

“我们正在寻找一种方法，通过在选定栖息地进行微妙的环境调整，向野生鸟类展示，并通过嗅探喂食和饮水站来减少害虫的接触，同时加强动物护理的生物安全协议。”

她表示：“我们保护区内有一种仅剩100只的无飞行能力的鸟类，已在设施内接种了疫苗。”

菲弗里亚茨表示，他们无法根除禽流感，但能够学会与之共存。上周，澳大利亚确认了该国首次因这种疾病导致的大规模野生动物死亡事件，地点位于南澳大利亚州附近的袋鼠岛。菲弗里亚茨预计将有更多野生动物受到影响。

生物安全经理墨菲对新西兰的防控区域“相当有信心”。但他表示，这种疾病将如何影响本地和特有物种仍存在不确定性。

“我们现在有点像在等待观望，”他说。

智利卡莱拉的坎内斯遗址，一处印加墓地；科学家正在该遗址重新挖掘遗骸，寻找结核病DNA或天花DNA。

天花的基因谜团

但佩纳尔博士不再持有这一观点。“我不再害怕本森了，”他说道。

佩纳尔博士改变看法，是在他发现其他病原体能够如此逼真地模仿天花之后。他和同事们检查了一具在意大利死亡近500年的儿童遗体，这具遗体曾被认为是20世纪20年代最古老的天花实物证据。然而，他发现同事们并未检测到天花DNA。相反，他们发现了乙型肝炎的基因，这种病毒会导致面部出现类似天花脓疱的皮疹。

2016年，佩纳尔博士及其同事扩大了搜索范围，寻找更有力的古代天花证据。2014年，他们在一具生活于19世纪90年代立陶宛的儿童遗体中发现了病毒的基因片段。

四年后，另一个研究团队研究了天花DNA，在伦敦一家博物馆保存的一具18世纪婴儿遗体的牙齿中发现了天花DNA。更令人惊讶的是，其他研究人员还发现了天花如何源自维京时代的数据。这些数据来自生活在1,000至1,400年前的北欧人。

最新的古代天花发现是在4,000英里之外，在现代智利的一处海岸遗址，名为卡马罗内斯X。20世纪30年代，考古学家在那里发现了一处印加墓地。

近期，加州大学的研究人员重新检查了墓地遗骸，使用新技术搜寻DNA，包括病毒和细菌的基因。科学家们筛查了土壤中遗留的大量DNA。

智利大学的生物人类学家、这项新研究的作者之一Cinemania表示，她原本希望可能找到类似奇美拉的DNA，并发现欧洲人到来之前的新化学环。

“天花绝对不在我们的预想之中，”她说道。

但当她告诉同事们完成数据搜索后，他们发现了基因完全相同的天花病毒，感染了一名生活在17世纪末至21世纪初的男性和一名女性。

Dr. Castro及其同事随后将Cx病毒的8个病毒基因序列与更古老和更年轻的天花样本进行了比较。基于病毒DNA的相似性和差异，研究人员绘制了一棵家族树。

所有已知的天花病毒似乎都拥有一个共同的病毒祖先，存在于约1,000年前。随着天花病毒感染新的人群，其后代分化为家族树的不同分支。

维京病毒属于与任何现代天花毒株关系不密切的分支。它们似乎已经灭绝或消失。

来自智利卡马罗内斯的8个病毒占据了天花家族树的中间位置。它们与现代天花的关系比维京病毒更为密切，但也分化为一个独立的分支，这一分支似乎也已消失。相比之下，19世纪90年代立陶宛和18世纪90年代英格兰的病毒与现代毒株关系极为密切。

几个世纪以来，Dr. Castro及其同事发现，天花经历了显著的演变。出现了完全破坏其部分基因的突变。当维京天花病毒

历经数个世纪，

病毒中出现了完全使部分基因失活的突变。

据统计，已有超过二十多个基因被关闭。在 Cx marines 8 病毒中，失去的基因更多，而到了 1600 年代和 1700 年代，来自立陶宛和英格兰的病毒则失去了更多基因。

“根据我们的粗略计算，大约每个世纪会失去一到两个基因，”扬格学院（Young College，indite out）的遗传学家、Camarones 8 研究的作者之一米格尔·中川（Miguel Nakagawa）说道。

存活的基因可能实际上使病毒更擅长感染人类。它可能放弃了曾帮助其感染其他物种的基因。经过数个世纪，它在人类细胞内复制的效率变得更高。随着不断释放出新的病毒，天花可能变得更加致命。

换句话说，早期的天花病毒可能相对温和。佩纳尔博士指出，在维京病毒流行的时期，北欧并没有关于天花暴发的书面记录。有可能大多数人能定期从天花中存活，并获得对它的免疫力。

Camarones 8 研究表明，当西班牙人抵达美洲时，他们携带了 1600 年代在欧洲传播的天花病毒，最终这些病毒传播到了一些社区的原住民中。

历史学家长期以来怀疑欧洲人将天花带到了新大陆，并导致当地原住民人口锐减。但许多关于疫情暴发的历史记录并不明确。

德国卫理公会精准健康研究所的进化生物学家西西尼安·卡拉瓜克-斯宾塞（Sithanian Carraguac-Spencer）表示，这项新研究消除了天花在美洲毁灭性影响中的任何疑问。

“它证实了当时病毒已经在美洲广泛传播，”未参与这项新研究的卡拉瓜克-斯宾塞博士说道。

多种因素可能使天花在美洲变得致命。首先，当地人对这种新病毒完全没有免疫力。此外，殖民统治下的饥荒、奴役和贫困可能进一步削弱了他们的抵抗力。

“由于美洲原住民对这种病毒完全没有接触过，80% 的暴露都可能导致严重问题，即使在欧洲人中它是温和的，”中川博士说道。

但新研究表明，天花的演化尚未结束。有可能这种疾病在 1700 年代达到了现代的致命水平。佩纳尔博士推测，欧洲不断增长的人口可能使天花变得更加致命。即使它更容易从宿主或流行中消失，也更容易找到新的宿主进行感染。

这一假设可能与科学家迄今发现的证据相符，但仍有大量历史空白尚未被理解。古代 DNA 的大部分研究传统上集中在欧洲，而历史记录表明，天花在几个世纪前也曾在非洲和亚洲部分地区传播。

“所有这些都是病毒的黑匣子，”卡拉瓜克-斯宾塞博士说道，“我认为在这些空白中还有 80 个未解之谜，要构建这样一种重要疾病的全球历史仍然困难重重。”

心脏药物的失败，推翻一项理论

一项关于炎症的研究结果令专家感到困惑。

作者：吉娜·比克莱恩

《新闻诺福克》近期公布的一项大型心脏病实验性药物研究结果震惊了心脏病学界。这款被广泛看好的重磅药物，其效果并不优于安慰剂。

这种名为硝克沙洛西（nitroxalosis）的药物针对的是炎症，而炎症通常被认为是动脉粥样硬化的成因之一。抑制炎症曾被寄予厚望，希望能借此拯救生命。

然而，该药物未能达到预期效果，引发了一个令人不安的问题：炎症究竟是动脉粥样硬化的成因，还是仅仅是其标志物？就像白发是衰老的标志一样？

心脏病专家们对这一消息感到震惊。卡瑟路医院的心脏病专家桑杰·考尔博士引用了托马斯·邓恩的名言：“科学的最大悲剧——一个美丽的假说被丑陋的事实所扼杀。”

斯坦福大学的戴维·马伦博士是美国预防心脏病学会主席，他表示这一结果“令人震惊，且极具挫败感”。

但他补充道，研究本身可能存在问题。也许这款药物并非针对心脏病炎症的正确靶点，或者研究中的患者病情过重，无法从挽救生命的药物中获益。他说，来自尸检、动物研究、流行病学及其他临床试验的证据过于充分，无法推翻炎症假说。

“炎症不仅仅是一种治疗手段，它是疾病的成因。”马伦博士说。

《新闻诺福克》进行的这项名为Zeno的研究涉及超过6,000名患有心脏病或其他心脏疾病的患者。他们血液中一种名为C反应蛋白（CRP）的炎症标志物水平较高，且白细胞介素-17水平也较高，后者是导致炎症的原因之一。

该药物达到了预期效果，成功降低了CRP水平。既然这些信号表明炎症已得到控制，那么心脏病进展和心血管死亡率理应随之下降。但事实并非如此。

“我们都处于震惊状态。”美国预防心脏病学会前主席、国家卫理公会医院的玛莎·卡斯特博士说。

《新闻诺福克》在声明中表示，将继续在另外两项针对心脏病发作和心血管并发症高风险患者的研究中测试该药物。这些研究仍在进行中。

炎症导致动脉粥样硬化的理论可以追溯到2002年，当时斯坦福大学的保罗·沃克博士及其研究团队发表了一篇论文，指出了两者之间的联系。

当时还是医学生的桑吉特·乔利博士对2002年《时代》杂志的一篇封面报道记忆犹新，该报道基于沃克博士的研究，称通过血液中的CRP测量的炎症与心脏病发作相关。“我当时真的很兴奋，觉得这太了不起了。”他说。

支持性证据开始积累。基于研究的秋水仙碱（一种用于治疗痛风的抗炎药物）在心脏病患者中使用时，能减少心脏病并发症，但对炎症的影响并不一致。

诺维奇制药公司开发的一款实验性抗炎药物在心脏病患者中显示出微小的益处，但增加了致命感染的风险。诺维奇最终未将该药物用于心脏病治疗，但这似乎进一步证明了炎症假说的合理性。

2010年，作为加拿大麦克马斯特大学的教授，乔利博士看到了一个机会，希望通过一项他认为能够决定性验证炎症假说的研究。此前的研究涉及超过2,000名心脏病患者，他们服用秋水仙碱或安慰剂，4%的CRP水平在服药者中下降，但他们的预后并不比服用安慰剂的患者更好。

“有人对我说，‘你的研究肯定有问题，’”乔利博士说，“我回答：‘我是科学家。我必须等待像Zeno这样的试验结果出来。’”

如今，Zeno的结果可能与乔利博士最初提及的结果如出一辙，他不禁思考接下来在诺福克新闻（News Norfolk）关于硝酸氧化的两项研究中会发生什么。

他们也开始怀疑，自己是否一直在高期望值的基础上寄予希望。

哈佛大学心脏病学家C·迈克尔·吉布森博士表示，他并未放弃炎症假说，但开始对其产生质疑。“我追踪炎症假说已有几十年，”他说。

“这个想法非常有说服力。炎症与预后之间至少存在良好的相关性。”他补充道，“这个假说看起来很合理。”但他说，诺福克新闻的研究让他感到释然。

卡斯特博士同样没有放弃这一假说。但她说，她的热情已不如从前。她曾希望，通过在降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）——即“坏”胆固醇——的治疗基础上加入抗炎治疗，能够显著减少心脏病。

“我原本以为这将是一个新的前沿领域，”她说。

现在，她提出了一个新的问题：“是否期望看到相同的效果？”她说，“也许需要更好的方法来观察相同的现象。”

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《纽约时报》，2026年8月15日，星期二

13

DS

![上图：凤凰物种项目中包含的部分动物。下图：毛茸茸的肚脐草（Cemphyrium conservum）。](

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濒危动植物援助计划

凤凰物种项目将提供2亿美元用于野生动植物的恢复工作。

作者：凯瑟琳·埃德霍恩

特朗普政府正在放宽对濒危物种的预测。全球各地对兑现其保护承诺的担忧日益加剧。企业也在纷纷退缩，不再履行环保承诺。

然而，上周，受威胁的动植物生命获得了巨大的支持。

一个名为“凤凰物种项目”的新基金宣布，将投入2亿美元用于帮助这些动植物摆脱灭绝边缘，并使其恢复到原有状态。该项目的目标比例为3:1，即人为资金将全部用于物种恢复，其规模和所涵盖物种的具体性均引人注目。

该项目由演员莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥共同创立的州级非营利组织与贝佐斯地球基金合作发起。贝佐斯地球基金是由亚马逊创始人、亿万富翁杰夫·贝佐斯创立的私人基金会。

此举正值全球生物多样性急剧下降之际，即地球上生命的多样性正在减少。随着人类开垦、铺路、采矿、污染河流并从海洋中过度捕捞，物种和生态系统正在萎缩。气候变化带来了新的压力。归根结底，人类对食物、能源和物质商品的消费是罪魁祸首。

这100个物种之所以被选中，是因为它们濒临灭绝，当地已有组织在努力拯救它们，并且它们代表了不同的栖息地、国家和物种类型。

其中包括北卡罗来纳州希科里坚果峡谷的绿色火蜥蜴，其原本已日渐缩小的栖息地在2024年巴里卡德·莫亨飓风残余引发的泥石流中几乎被夷为平地。还有一种来自南非的可爱植物，名为“毛茸茸的肚脐”，因其在东亚作为室内盆栽的突然走红，导致其在野外几近灭绝。此外还有印度洋-太平洋地区的棕色融冰门齿鱼，这种鱼看起来像是杯子和鲨鱼的混合体，因其珍贵的鱼鳍而遭到捕杀。

“只要有适当的资源和当地合作伙伴，数量极少的濒危物种也能够恢复，”Bo wild的联合创始人兼首席执行官韦斯·塞克雷斯特说。

塞克雷斯特博士表示，对于某些物种而言，这笔资金将释放出能使其恢复相对直接的资源。而其他物种，如墨西哥的维斯帕塔蝴蝶，则面临着更为艰巨的恢复之路。

威尔士班戈大学的保护科学教授朱莉娅·P·O·琼斯表示，她的研究旨在提高环保工作的有效性，她对这一大额捐赠表示欢迎。但她同时指出，还需要更广泛的系统性变革。

“虽然物种保护能赢得一些战斗，但如果不改变我们使用环境的方式，我们可能会输掉整场战争，”琼斯博士说。

以贝佐斯的公司亚马逊为例。今年7月，亚马逊在《财富》全球500强企业榜单中位列第一。但其庞大的销售额正在加剧保护主义者试图解决的问题。

“亚马逊和其他大型跨国公司一样，通过大规模消费主义推动栖息地丧失和物种灭绝，”一家获得贝佐斯地球基金资助的自然倡导组织负责人布莱恩·奥唐奈说。他强调了对亚马逊员工的钦佩，称赞他们的出色工作，并对这一最新举措表示兴奋。

“这能完全抵消他们的责任吗？”他继续说道，“不能，但这是一个非常酷且极其必要的基金。”

尽管亚马逊在2030年帮助发起了《气候承诺》，承诺到2040年实现零排放，但其排放量近年来仍在上升。一位发言人表示，供应链排放和人工智能是导致排放增加的主要原因，但亚马逊仍致力于实现其承诺。

贝佐斯地球基金拒绝安排贝佐斯先生接受采访。曾在亚马逊担任高管超过20年、现任贝佐斯地球基金首席执行官的汤姆·泰勒承认，企业在改善可持续性方面必须做出更大努力。

与此同时，他指出消费者也扮演着重要角色。他表示，诚然，亚马逊让购物变得轻松，“但我们每个人都有责任为自己的选择负责。”

在经济和政治动态的背后，是那些努力避免物种灭绝的地方团体，他们认为这笔资金的注入将带来重大改变。

对于希科里峡谷绿色火蜥蜴，这意味着将扩大圈养繁殖计划的规模，并恢复因风暴和入侵树种疾病而丧失的栖息地，以便让这些群落能够重返野外，两栖爬行动物保护协会执行主任JJ·阿波达卡表示，该协会将获得新基金的资助。

“它给了我们一个原本可能没有的成功机会，”阿波达卡博士说。

对于毛茸茸的肚脐植物（一种多肉植物）而言，自2030年以来，其种群已因采集而减少超过三分之二，这笔资金将用于在圈养环境中繁殖更多植株、购买用于安保的野外摄像头，并与社区合作，确保该植物能够重返野外而不再被过度采集。南非国家生物多样性研究所濒危物种项目经理德米蒂拉·拉蒂翁表示：

“它们不像熊猫或犀牛那样具有魅力，因此往往得不到其他物种那样的关注和喜爱，”她说，“但‘凤凰复兴计划’的真正可贵之处在于，它对不同物种一视同仁。”

不过，该计划仅涵盖三种无脊椎动物，其中包括塔希提岛的一种蜗牛，但未涵盖任何昆虫。国际自然保护联盟物种生存委员会主席弗雷克·莫恩表示，这100个物种是“一次绝佳的首次尝试”，并强调需要迅速扩大规模。

在国际自然保护联盟红色名录（全球物种状况的主要科学权威）上，超过15,000个物种被列为极度濒危或野外灭绝，另有近40,000个物种被列为濒危或易危。

青蝇（Common Bluebottle）分布于东亚、南亚和东南亚。

气候变化推动蝴蝶分布范围变迁

多种本土物种出现在新的区域，近期研究显示。

作者：安妮·博伊特

根据上周发表在《自然·生态与进化》期刊的一项研究，全球105个国家的1,700多种蝴蝶已不在其原有栖息地生活。这意味着近十分之一的蝴蝶物种分布范围发生了变化。

这些对环境变化极为敏感的“哨兵”物种几乎无法忍受栖息地的改变，因此当气温上升或模拟环境被转移至较低温度时，蝴蝶必须迁飞以寻找更适宜的栖息地。

“蝴蝶物种正在改变其分布范围，这在它们出现的干旱地区表现得尤为明显，”澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学全球变化生态学实验室负责人、该研究的主导者埃莉诺·乔杜里博士表示。乔杜里博士及其同事认为，这一趋势可归因于多种因素的综合作用，但主要是气候变化、极端天气和工业化农业。

研究发现，在迄今规模最大的此类研究中，约10%的已知蝴蝶物种出现了分布范围变迁。

乔杜里博士在孟加拉国的童年家乡附近研究蝴蝶时，很快注意到它们正在离开该地区。“我开始实地考察时，在一小片城市绿地中很容易就能发现60到70种蝴蝶，”他说。然而几年后，“要找到15种蝴蝶已变得非常困难。”

在完成博士学位并前往莫纳什大学后，乔杜里博士决定调查他在孟加拉国观察到的现象是否也在其他地方发生。他汇总了相关研究，并注意到一个令人不安的现象：此前关于全球蝴蝶分布范围变迁的研究主要集中在欧洲，而欧洲的蝴蝶物种数量不到全球的10%。约90%的蝴蝶物种生活在热带地区，但很少有研究纳入这些地区的数据。

为了更全面地了解全球蝴蝶的迁移情况，乔杜里博士开始收集非英语研究和来自热带地区研究人员的数据。他说，“这改变了一切”。

通过这一研究方法，乔杜里博士及其同事发现，在纳入的51个国家中，至少有四分之一的本土蝴蝶物种已不在其原有栖息地生活。在其中10个国家，这一比例更是超过了一半。

尽管所有被研究的蝴蝶物种都经历了不同程度的分布范围扩张或缩小，但许多物种同时经历了两种变化。研究人员发现，80%的蝴蝶物种扩大了其分布范围，进入了此前不适宜其生存的地区。

例如，一种黑斑橙色蝴蝶——塔里眼蝶——曾仅分布于印度、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡，但在过去几十年间，其分布范围已扩展至澳大利亚。

科学家研究的17%的蝴蝶物种分布范围出现了缩小，其中包括英国的小蓝蝶，其分布范围较20世纪50年代减少了超过40%。

无论蝴蝶物种的分布范围是在扩大、缩小还是两者兼有，研究人员发现，在70%的情况下，气候变化和极端天气是主要驱动因素。栖息地丧失、工业化农业及其他因素也发挥了作用。

未参与该研究的无脊椎动物保护组织“塞罗斯协会”的保护生物学家坎达丝·费边表示：“我们早已知道蝴蝶会因应对气候变化而改变其分布范围，但这是首次在如此大的地理和自然尺度上提供证据。”

虽然蝴蝶的分布范围变化对敏感物种的生存而言是自然现象，但科学家们对推动这些变化的因素感到担忧。在美国，蝴蝶的总体数量在2000年至2020年间下降了22%。

加州科学院昆虫学高级馆藏经理克里斯·格林特（未参与该研究）认为，蝴蝶是我们这个星球的“煤矿金丝雀”，它们的迁移往往预示着深刻的生态变化。

格林特表示，这项研究的结果表明，需要加强对全球蝴蝶种群的监测，并加大对蝴蝶的保护力度。对于希望提供帮助的人，他建议种植本地植物、保留草坪和食源地，并通过iNaturalist等平台报告蝴蝶的目击记录。

《纽约时报》游戏

送出游戏的礼物

别再为礼物发愁了。赠送《纽约时报》游戏，

包括拼字比赛、Wordle、填字游戏等。

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健康

向治疗师提问！ / 洛丽·戈特利布

我该如何告诉妈妈我的孩子是跨性别者？

我来自一个庞大、保守且笃信宗教的家庭。50年前，我离开家乡前往西海岸，并在一个开明的社区抚养我的儿子。令我震惊的是，几年前，我30岁的儿子出柜，称自己是非二元性别者。如今，她已经完成了完全的性别转变，成为了一位可爱的跨性别女性。尽管我和她的父亲已经离婚，但我们都支持她。然而，我的家人对此一无所知。我经常探望我50岁的母亲、兄弟姐妹和姑姨们，每当他们问起我的“儿子”时，我总感到不自在。我的母亲强烈反对同性恋，而跨性别对她来说更是难以接受。虽然我当初离家是因为无法忍受成长环境中的狭隘与苛刻，但我依然深爱我的家人，并希望尽管我们的观念不同，仍能保持亲密的关系。

我的妹妹知道我女儿的情况，但我们决定不告诉母亲。每当母亲问起她的孙子时，我都会感到认知失调，甚至觉得使用女儿的出生名字是在欺骗。我和女儿讨论过这个问题，虽然她不愿意去外州探望家人，但如果有人来访或询问，她愿意公开身份。

我是应该诚实以对，冒着让外婆心碎和承受其他家人评判的风险，还是继续隐瞒下去？如果外婆来访——这是即将可能发生的事——我们是否应该举办一个家庭揭秘聚会？

治疗师回复 你正在面对一个艰难的抉择：你爱你的女儿，希望尊重她的身份，同时也爱你的原生家庭，尽管他们的信仰与你不同。但在我看来，你似乎更关注揭露女儿性别转变可能对她和家人造成的影响，而忽略了这件事对你自己的影响。

我注意到你问的是“你”（而非女儿）是否应该“继续待在柜子里”，以及“你”（而非女儿）是否应该冒着承受“其他人评判”的风险。这听起来就像你成长过程中可能经历过的感受：努力做自己，却害怕被最在乎的人评判。

当初离家似乎是个不错的解决方案。过去16年里，你有了一个安全的缓冲地带，但如今这道屏障开始瓦解。每次母亲问起“儿子”时，你可能会回避这个话题，但这种回避反而加剧了内心的矛盾。你隐瞒的不仅仅是某些观点，而是在隐藏一个人——不仅是你的女儿，还有你自己。

既然女儿已经做好公开身份的准备，不妨思考一下对你来说“出柜”意味着什么。我猜测你的担忧可能是：如果我把女儿的真相告诉母亲，她会怎么看我？会觉得我这个人堕落了吗？会因为我离开那个她珍视的社群而再次评判我吗？

但你也可以将这次“出柜”视为一个机会——一个不再通过回避或疏远来维系所有人情绪的机会，一个坦诚面对你和家人真实自我的机会。

这并不意味着你应该突然在家庭聚会上宣布女儿的性别转变，让他们措手不及。你可以先私下与母亲进行一次坦诚的对话，如实陈述事实，就像你在这封信中所写的那样：几年前，我们的儿子告诉我们他 / 她是非二元性别者，随后从男性转变为女性。我知道这与你的信仰相冲突，我也曾考虑过不告诉你，但最终认为诚实才是更好的选择，就像我在这封信中所做的那样。

如果母亲反应消极，你可以说：“我并不是要求你假装对此没有感受。我知道这对你来说可能困惑且震惊。但我为我的女儿感到骄傲，重要的是她能被爱和尊重。”

无论接下来发生什么，都需要宽容——既是对你的母亲，也是对你自己。你不必要求母亲在一夜之间熟练掌握当代的性别语言，也不必期待她接受与她近一个世纪以来所浸润的框架相悖的事物。与此同时，重要的是要记住，你并不是在纠正母亲的真实表达。母亲的反应——无论是心碎、痛苦、失望，抑或最终某种程度的接纳——都是她自己的情感归属。

这一点同样适用于你的整个家庭。有些人可能会让你惊喜，有些人可能会让你失望。而对于那些爱你的人来说，有些变化可能会随着时间推移而发生——与你的女儿相处的时间，以及逐渐适应超出他们舒适区的事物。

归根结底，这里的目标不是强迫家人在意识形态上达成一致。也不是让你以隐藏自我的代价换取归属感，从而违背自身的完整性。正如家人可能需要扩展他们对复杂性的包容能力，你也同样需要。你可能会发现，你可以与母亲、压力或女儿共处，同时为每个人留出足够的空间，让他们以不完美的方式逐步理解这一切。

如果你有问题，请将自寄信件寄给自己，不要提问。请将自寄信件寄给自己，不要提问。请将自寄信件寄给自己，不要提问。

年轻女性的心脏病风险

发病率正在上升，但你可以采取措施降低致命风险。

撰文：妮娜·阿格拉沃尔

心脏病的威胁，以及因此死亡的风险，正在年轻女性中上升。

近期研究表明，2015年，近三分之一的20至44岁女性患有心脏病，而目前这一比例为四分之一。此外，50岁以下女性死于心脏病发作的可能性高于50岁以下男性。

尽管存在普遍误解，但“心脏病实际上是一种女性疾病，”马萨诸塞州综合医院布里格姆妇女心脏健康项目联合主任艾米丽·刘博士表示，降低风险是可能的。

年轻女性心脏病发病率上升的一个原因是，包括肥胖、高血压和糖尿病在内的一些诱因在年轻群体中变得越来越普遍。

这些风险因素适用于所有人，但研究表明，其中一些对女性的影响更大或不同。

例如，患有糖尿病的女性比男性更容易出现严重疾病；吸烟也会比男性更大程度地增加女性的风险。

患有高血压的女性往往被漏诊和治疗不足。

但心脏病风险可能在50岁以下女性的血压水平较低时就开始上升。巴尔布拉·斯里尼瓦桑女性心脏中心主任、西达斯-西奈医疗中心的C. Paul Henry Mori博士表示。

定期检查血压、血糖和糖化血红蛋白A1℃（平均血糖水平的指标）对于评估风险非常重要。专家建议所有成年人应努力达到以下水平：

• 血压低于120 / 60 mm Hg。
• 低密度脂蛋白（LDL）低于100 mg / dL。
• 体重指数（BMI）低于25。
• 糖化血红蛋白A1℃为5.0或更低。

“了解你的数值是最强大的工具，”西北医学妇女心脏护理项目主任弗洛伊德·普伦尼博士表示。“而且开始得越早越好。”

每位女性都应与医生合作，“将不达标的数值调整到目标范围内”。患者应采取生活方式干预措施——如地中海或DASH饮食、戒烟、限制饮酒、进行有氧运动和抗阻训练——以及必要的药物治疗。

她表示，风险因素在性别上的差异化影响也适用于另一个方向。研究表明，女性通过一半的运动量即可获得与男性相同的心血管风险降低效果。

越来越多的认识表明，女性特有的因素也发挥着作用。这些因素包括45岁前的早发绝经和多内分泌代谢卵巢综合征（曾称多囊卵巢综合征）。还包括妊娠并发症，如妊娠糖尿病和子痫前期，以及狼疮和类风湿性关节炎等炎症性自身免疫性疾病，这些疾病更多影响女性。

休斯敦卫理公会医院戴维斯女性心脏中心主任玛莎·古泰尔博士表示，上述每种情况都与心脏病风险增加相关，但不一定是因果关系。例如，尚不清楚妊娠期高血压本身是否会增加心脏病风险，还是仅仅揭示了某种既存的血管异常。古泰尔博士表示，无论如何，这都能提示哪些人更可能患上早发性心脏病。

对于存在上述风险因素的患者，古泰尔博士表示，“我们需要更积极地”管理血压、血糖和胆固醇。

调查显示，20多岁、30多岁和40多岁的女性比年长女性更少拥有固定的医疗服务提供者，且常因费用、家庭或工作责任而推迟或放弃就医，60%依赖妇产科医生作为初级保健提供者。

医生建议在这些年龄段找一位初级保健医生，以检查心脏病或相关风险因素。“我们需要思考如何做到这一点，”美国一家顶尖心血管健康护理中心的医生保罗·亨利·莫里（Paul Henry Mori）博士说。由于女性心脏病的作用在这之后会有所增加。

除了常规血液检查，医生还建议患者关注可能有助于更准确评估个体风险的指标。

与之相反的一个例子是，每位患者都应进行冠状动脉钙化（CAC）评分，该评分来自心脏的专业CT扫描。普鲁尼博士（Dr. Prunney）表示，这些年龄段的行为可能导致一种深层、隐匿的推进性过程，进而引发心脏病发作。CAC评分能显示冠状动脉中是否存在及存在多少钙化斑块，从而帮助在症状出现前识别这一过程，使医生能够及早开始治疗并预防心脏病发作。

指南还建议所有成年人在就诊时检查脂蛋白(a)——一种特殊类型的“坏”胆固醇——的风险。其水平通常会随生命周期变化，但更年期是一个明显的例外。古泰尔博士（Dr. Gutail）表示，处于临界水平的女性应在更年期后重新检查该指标。

古泰尔博士还建议女性通过血液检查检测C反应蛋白（一种炎症标志物），近期研究支持该标志物可预测心血管风险，尽管目前证据尚不足以广泛推荐这项检测。亨利·莫里博士补充道。

缓解膝盖疼痛指南

探讨膝盖疼痛的类型、成因及医生建议的应对方法。

作者：ALLENSMORE DECORATO

继背部之后，膝盖是第二常见的慢性疼痛部位。许多人一生中都会在某个阶段经历膝盖疼痛，无论是年轻时因运动导致的软骨和软组织损伤，还是随着年龄增长因磨损引发的疼痛。

作为人体最大的关节，膝盖在运动、上下楼梯甚至上床时都会承受压力。这种压力会磨损关节，如果已有损伤，还可能导致从不适到严重影响生活的疼痛。

梅奥诊所的骨科医生马修·阿卜杜勒（Matthew Abdel）表示，慢性疼痛会在身体、经济和情感上造成极大消耗。他指出，患者可能不会直接说“我的膝盖疼得厉害”，但在谈论其他无关话题时，其实一直在想着膝盖的问题。

例如，可以采取一些措施来缓解不适、保持活动能力并预防未来的损伤。纽约普通外科医院的物理治疗师罗伯特·特纳（Robert Turner）表示：“膝盖疼痛并不一定会直接发展到需要手术的地步。你必须成为一名优秀的医疗服务提供者，但这其实无关紧要，他们想的还是膝盖的问题。”

常见病因

慢性膝盖疼痛最常见的病因，尤其是在20岁及以上成年人中，是骨关节炎。

这种疾病会导致关节软骨磨损，失去缓冲冲击的能力。这会引发常见的肿胀和疼痛，且症状可能随时间加重，尽管患者可能会有好坏交替的日子。克利夫兰诊所的骨科医生尼古拉斯·斯卡塞拉（Nicholas Scarcella）表示，这种疼痛可能是剧烈的，也可能是隐隐作痛，且通常出现在膝盖的不同部位，如两侧或膝盖下方，这应是慢性膝盖疼痛最常见的病因。

对于经常运动的人群，过度使用性损伤也是膝盖疼痛的常见原因。这类损伤通常是由于突然增加运动强度、持续时间或频率所致。膝盖疾病通常见于患者，会导致膝盖外侧疼痛。过度使用、肌肉无力、身体机能不良及严重损伤可能导致髌股疼痛综合征（也称“跑步者膝”），引发膝盖前侧疼痛。

膝盖疼痛也可能突然发作，如在接触软骨时，甚至仅仅是在花园弯腰时。这类损伤的疼痛可能剧烈且尖锐。

最常见的膝盖损伤之一是半月板撕裂，即半月板（一种有助于缓冲冲击并保持膝盖稳定的新月形软骨）受损。这类损伤通常由扭转动作引起，可能导致剧烈疼痛、肿胀及关节屈伸困难。

韧带扭伤是指膝盖四条主要韧带（提供稳定性的结缔组织）过度拉伸或撕裂。常见受伤的韧带包括内侧副韧带（M.C.L.）和

治疗过度使用和关节炎疼痛

即使你的疼痛是逐渐出现的，也应考虑看物理治疗师。他们能帮助你识别可能导致膝盖问题的不良动作，比如臀部无力或脚部内翻倾向。特纳博士说。他们会判断你是否需要看医生，在某些情况下，你可以在没有转诊的情况下直接看物理治疗师。但具体覆盖范围会因你的保险和居住地而异，因此最好提前向保险公司确认。

如果你计划预防未来的伤害，应在新伤发生前加强膝盖周围的肌肉，包括臀部上方的臀肌、髋屈肌、股四头肌和腘绳肌，以及下方的尺骨和踝关节肌肉。如果你有训练耐受性，你将能够看到新的进展。如果你有新的问题，应咨询理疗师，他们还可以。如果你有新的问题，应咨询理疗师，他们还可以提供帮助。如果你有新的问题，应咨询理疗师，他们还可以提供帮助。

医生可能会建议减少严重关节炎的用药，这些药物可能与非处方止痛药一样有效。低冲击的有氧运动，如骑自行车、游泳或使用椭圆机，可能需要长达1年的时间才能见效，因此你需要增加耐心。一些研究表明，调整睡姿和穿着支撑性好的鞋子可能有所帮助。

如果生活方式改变和口服药物无效，医生可能会建议进行小剂量注射。这些注射可能在几周内缓解疼痛，但不建议频繁使用。斯卡塞拉博士说。

目前缺乏足够证据支持透明质酸注射能减轻疼痛。患者可能需要在其他治疗无效且骨关节炎尚不严重的情况下尝试。一些医生可能会推荐富血小板血浆注射以减轻某些患者的疼痛，但这些治疗费用昂贵且疗效——

研究发现，这些治疗无法再生软骨，马萨诸塞州综合医院再生医学主任乔安妮·伯格-史密斯博士说。如果你尝试了多种治疗，但疼痛仍影响生活质量，医生可能会建议进行膝关节置换手术。

治疗损伤

对于突发性损伤，特纳博士建议立即停止导致损伤的活动，并对患处进行冰敷。应将冰袋敷在膝盖侧面而非正面。非处方止痛药可帮助缓解疼痛。某些损伤，如前交叉韧带撕裂或半月板问题，可能需要手术治疗。

如果膝盖感觉不稳、突然出现剧烈刺痛、肿胀、持续疼痛或无法在无支撑下行走超过四步，应就医。特纳博士说。忽视这些症状可能导致病情恶化，如感染迹象——或疼痛加剧，直接影响膝盖或夜间无法入睡。伯格-史密斯博士说。

保持膝盖健康

许多膝盖问题的风险因素并非我们能控制，阿卜杜勒博士说——例如，你无法改变年龄或基因。但保持健康体重有助于减轻膝盖负担。每走一步，膝盖承受的压力相当于你的膝盖负荷的2至3倍。

保持活跃也很重要。尽管普遍误解认为某些运动会损伤膝盖，但即使患有关节炎，只要采取正确的方式，运动并不会造成伤害。你不会因此而——

9

健康

如果雌激素贴片缺货该怎么办

专家建议，以免错过激素治疗剂量。

作者：丹妮尔·弗里德曼

艾伦·温特（Ellen Went）在接近50岁时开始出现盗汗，严重影响睡眠，第二天感到精疲力竭。医生为她开了雌激素贴片，经过不同剂量的尝试后，盗汗最终停止。

然而，今年早些时候，她当地的药房和邻近城镇的所有药房都没有她需要的贴片。几个月来，她不得不通过混合使用现有的低剂量贴片来维持治疗：“一个有三个小孩的忙碌上班族。”现年31岁的她说，“这感觉实在荒谬。”

自1月以来，全国各地的女性报告称难以配到雌激素贴片，这种贴片有助于缓解更年期症状，如潮热、睡眠问题和脑雾，并保持骨密度。

虽然少数制造商早在2015年就报告过短缺，但今年这一问题变得更加普遍，更年期护理提供者表示。

《纽约时报》今年2月报道了这一短缺问题，当时大多数提供雌二醇（一种雌激素）的贴片都处于短缺状态。截至上周五，根据美国卫生系统药剂师协会（一个药剂师专业团体）的数据，这一数字已达21。

西雅图附近专攻更年期医学的药剂师霍莉·韦克利斯（Hollie Wakelys）表示，持续获取雌二醇贴片仍然极为困难。专家表示，目前尚不清楚短缺何时会改善。

面临短缺的制造商之一Sandoz的发言人表示，公司一直在努力增加全球供应，同时已“分配额外数量”到美国。

用于管理围绝经期和绝经期症状的雌激素需求激增，部分原因是人们对更年期激素治疗安全性的信任大幅提升。去年，美国食品和药物管理局更新了含雌激素产品的处方标签。

虽然目前获取激素治疗可能需要付出更多努力，但有一些变通方法可以帮助你继续治疗——不过在做任何改变前，应先咨询你的医生。“我们不希望你受苦，不希望你停药，你也不必这样做。”韦克利斯博士说。

我们咨询了更年期专家，请他们分享帮助患者获取或维持雌激素治疗的最有效策略。

灵活处方获取

如果您当地的药房没有您需要的贴片，可以先致电附近其他药房询问是否有货。“不同药房对这些药物的储备策略不同，因此绝对值得一试，”斯蒂芬妮·福克纳博士、玛丽·克拉克女性健康中心和更年期协会医学主任表示。

您还可以请医生开具“开放式”处方，要求在您首选的贴片缺货时，允许使用相同剂量的其他品牌贴片，沃克利斯博士说。（有些医生会定期这样做，但其他医生则需要您主动提出要求。）

这样，如果药房没有您的首选贴片，他们可以直接调配处方，无需再次联系医生获取批准。

“多数情况下，我们可以互换手头的贴片，”沃克利斯博士说。您还可以查看美国卫生系统药剂师协会网站，了解哪些产品未处于短缺状态，并请医生在处方中指定这些配方。

洛杉矶地区的妇产科医生兼更年期专家苏珊娜·吉福德博士还建议，请医生开具90天的供应量，因为许多药房默认只开20天的订单。

如果您在当地无法找到所需贴片，或无法抽出时间前往其他药房，专家建议尝试大型在线药房。虽然需要等待邮寄处方，但这些药房通常比当地零售商有更充足的库存。

剪半贴片或佩戴两片

西北大学费恩伯格医学院妇产科临床教授劳伦·西罗瑟博士表示，根据您使用的雌激素贴片类型，您可能可以通过药房现有的贴片组合来调整剂量。

如果只有更高剂量的贴片可用，请咨询医生是否可以安全地将贴片剪半或 quirkers。

不过，在动剪刀之前，请注意雌激素贴片有两种类型：最常见的类型通过“基质”粘合剂释放雌激素，而另一些则通过小“conserva”或凝胶 / 液体袋释放雌激素。只有基质型贴片可以剪切。

如果只有低剂量贴片可用，您可以佩戴两片而非一片。

如果您目前使用的贴片需要每周更换两次，也可以尝试改用每周更换一次的贴片——反之亦然。

尝试贴片、喷剂、环或填充剂

外用雌激素贴片（Extrapol patches）因其便捷性、广泛的医保覆盖以及能将雌激素通过皮肤输送至血液而受到欢迎。

但它们并非唯一的雌激素治疗方式——其他给药系统也未出现短缺。吉福德医生表示，对某些女性而言，可能有更有效且更易获取的替代选择。

如果你无法自行决定，可以尝试每日使用的凝胶或喷剂，涂抹或喷洒于上臂或大腿。

你也可以尝试阴道环，这是一种硅胶装置，需插入阴道，是一种常见的雌激素给药方式。每30个月更换一次。

“还有一种雌激素，以口服药片形式服用。口服雌激素通常不建议有血栓或肝脏问题风险的女性使用，且与通过皮肤吸收的雌激素相比，可能引发更多副作用，但对许多女性而言是安全的选择。”西罗瑟医生说。

对于处于围绝经期的女性，低剂量激素避孕药也能有效缓解症状。

近几个月来，部分膳食补充剂制造商利用短缺现象进行营销，声称其产品能缓解更年期症状，但缺乏足够证据支持其有效性，韦克利斯医生表示。

福克纳医生还提醒，若考虑从复合药房获取雌激素，需谨慎行事。

专家表示，由于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）不批准复合药品，其质量可能参差不齐。若考虑使用复合药物，可请医生推荐其信任的复合药房。

你的医疗服务提供者可以建议你是否适合尝试其他形式的雌激素治疗。

“并非一定要终身使用，”韦克利斯医生说。但她补充道，有些女性发现她们实际上更偏好其他方法。

这是真爱还是“爱情轰炸”？

新恋情中过度的甜言蜜语可能是情感虐待的前兆。

作者：梅琳达·温纳·莫耶

苏·努森（Sue Knudson）在十几岁末期时，一位熟人给了她电话号码，从此改变了她的人生轨迹。

两人开始约会。她回忆说，他不停地赞美她，称她是“完美的女人”——那个他一生都在寻找的人。他送她鲜花，带她享受奢华的约会。他整天给她发信息询问她的行踪。

现年30岁、居住在伊利诺伊州苏福尔斯（Sioux Falls）的努森女士当时并不知道，她的新男友正在展现一种被称为“爱情轰炸”的行为。尽管这种行为在恋情初期可能难以与健康的情感表达区分，但“爱情轰炸”是一种策略性行为，旨在先赢得爱慕对象的芳心，随后实施控制。

“爱情轰炸是一种‘幻觉与诱惑’的手段，最终会演变为情感操纵与控制的前奏。”洛杉矶加州州立大学临床心理学家、荣休教授拉米尔·德瓦苏拉（Rameel Durvasula）说。

努森女士回忆说，在她的关系中，爱情的动态元素逐渐消失。她的男友开始监控她的短信和通话，当她开始与朋友分享时，他便会质疑她。他让她觉得，如果不按他说的做，就会失去他，从此孤独终老。

过犹不及

“爱情轰炸”（love bombing）一词最早可追溯至1970年代，当时这一策略被联邦宗教运动“统一协会”（Unification Council）所采用，批评者和前成员将其描述为一个骗局。教会成员常常通过倾注温暖和赞美来吸引潜在的新成员。

1970年，这一短语开始被广泛用于描述恋爱关系初期过度的关爱和关注。在日常交谈中，人们可能将爱情轰炸视为一种“老套”的追求手段，或是“新鲜感”的前奏，甚至是“甜蜜期”的铺垫。但临床医生指出，这可能是一个危险的警示信号。

目前尚无明确的统计数据表明爱情轰炸与虐待行为之间的关联程度，但研究亲密关系权力动态的约翰·杰伊刑事司法学院心理学家切拉·拉加万（Chera Raghavan）表示：“在我处理过的几乎每一起家庭暴力案件中，都存在一段爱情轰炸的时期。”

拉加万博士指出，爱情轰炸通常表现为过度的赞美。施暴者可能会说：“你真的太不可思议了，我从未见过像你这样不可思议的人，但我现在看到了。”

这些赞美往往直击受害者最脆弱的点，比如外貌或智力。

爱情轰炸者还倾向于频繁与新伴侣联系。拉加万博士说：“他们想每天见到你，会出现在你的工作场所，不停打电话、发短信，要求你随时在场。”

他们还可能暗示自己正在寻求长期承诺。临床心理学家杜瓦苏拉（Durvasula）博士说：“他们可能会说，‘我已经能想象我们未来要住的房子了。’‘我们该给孩子取什么名字？’”

魔咒破灭之时

爱情轰炸者罕有的高强度关注会让人应接不暇，以至于他们无暇质疑某些行为是否不妥。拉加万解释道，这种轰炸会让人“在能够说出‘等等，这似乎不太对劲’之前，就已经陷入其中”。

并非所有爱情轰炸者最终都会演变为施虐者，研究人员也不确定他们是否有意通过这些行为来控制并最终虐待伴侣。杜瓦苏拉博士称：“这是一个价值百万美元的问题。”她表示，要厘清动机和意图非常困难。

更复杂的是，施虐者通常不会认为自己是施虐者。拉加万博士补充道：“他们主要认为自己是不被世界理解的人。”

俄亥俄州立大学心理学家艾米·布兰特（Amy Brandt）指出，爱情轰炸者往往（但不总是）具有自恋特质，这可能包括表现出一种权利感。

他们常常测试对方的忠诚度——例如，可能会突然几天不联系，以此观察对方是否会因焦虑而做出决定，布兰特博士说。他们还可能表现出刻薄行为，然后迅速道歉。

正如克努森（Knudson）女士所描述的那样，爱情轰炸者可能会对伴侣的友谊或兴趣爱好感到威胁。她说，她的男友会在她与其他朋友交谈时抱怨，并表现出嫉妒。

杜瓦苏拉博士说：“这里存在一种三角关系——你选择我，还是选择他们。”如果对方拒绝疏远朋友或放弃兴趣爱好，她补充道，“反抗会招致愤怒。”

信任你的不适感

德瓦苏拉博士表示，当爱情轰炸正在发生时，很难识别出来，“这是其中最大的挑战之一”。桑·芬吉进行了爱情轰炸，或者说这并不是真的有人对我感兴趣？

德瓦苏拉博士表示，这种区分可能会变得模糊，因为我们被教导要期待早期的追求是强烈的。她还说，爱情轰炸“利用了我们人类对依恋的需求、对爱的需求、对与他人建立联系的渴望”。

德瓦苏拉博士表示，如果人们在事情发生时没有意识到，不必过于自责。

不过，她建议，要警惕那些对你的边界、个人兴趣或友谊心怀怨恨，或向你施压要求证明忠诚或承诺的伴侣。

德瓦苏拉博士表示，结束与爱情轰炸者的关系可能会很困难，因为爱情轰炸者往往会制造。可能会有愤怒的短信、辱骂，甚至跟踪。克努森女士说，为了摆脱前男友的纠缠，她最终不得不搬到另一列火车上。

如果担心安全问题，专家表示，全国家庭暴力热线可以提供帮助。

布兰特博士表示，在关系早期，重要的是要相信自己的直觉。

她补充道：“如果感觉过头了，那可能就是过头了。”

他们会出现在你的工作场所，打电话、发短信，他们需要你的位置。

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兽医加入守护蜂巢的战斗

摄影：WILL CROOKS 为《纽约时报》供图

汽车、马匹、牛群和宠物。“我认为蜜蜂应该享有同等的地位，”该大学兽医学院教授梅奥特博士说。

如果全国有一半的狗——或者汽车、奶牛或马匹——在冬天意外暴毙，那将是一场动物健康危机。“但在养蜂业，这基本上就叫‘周三’，”梅奥特博士说，“这被认为是完全正常的。”

“基本上是微型牲畜”

梅奥特博士在德国西南部一个小农业小镇长大，童年时期经常接触农场动物。但当他在布达佩斯开始兽医学院的学习时，却发现自己被鸟类、蜥蜴和那些鲜为人知的奇异生物所吸引。

他还爱上了蜜蜂。与美国的兽医学院不同，欧洲的许多兽医学院将蜜蜂健康纳入课程，将其研究称为“基本上是微型牲畜”，梅奥特博士说。

蜜蜂医学足够另类，吸引了他的注意力。“我还觉得这超浪漫，拥有自己的蜂群，制作自己的蜂蜜，”梅奥特博士说。

21世纪初，在美国担任奇异动物兽医后，他自己也养了几箱蜂。

那时，蜜蜂面临的严重威胁已显而易见。瓦螨（Varroa destructor）——一种入侵的寄生螨，以活蜜蜂为食——位列威胁之首。但还有数十种危险潜伏：蜂巢斑驳病、蜂巢甲虫、消化道损害真菌、导致麻痹或翅膀畸形的病毒，以及可能摧毁整个蜂群幼虫的细菌。

多年来，美国养蜂人大多自行应对疫情，通过目视诊断多种疾病，然后使用他们偏好的治疗方法。养蜂人可以在无需咨询兽医的情况下柜台购买抗生素，这一事实助长了这种自给自足。

但2017年，由于对抗生素耐药微生物上升的担忧，联邦监管机构收紧了抗生素的获取渠道。突然间，想要使用这些药物的养蜂人需要兽医的处方。

但有一个问题。“在美国，我们并未接受过照顾蜜蜂的良好培训，”宾夕法尼亚州格罗夫城学院的兽医玛丽·A·法罗内博士说，她曾休假前往欧洲学习更多相关知识。

自2017年以来，包括新成立的蜜蜂兽医联盟在内的多个专业组织一直在努力提升执业兽医的水平，开设继续教育课程和专业认证。专家表示，对这一领域的兴趣正在增长。

“我们确实取得了一些重大进展，”目前研究并教授蜜蜂健康的法罗内博士说。“当我参加兽医会议并谈论蜜蜂时，我的会场总是座无虚席。”（她补充道，“这可不是又一个关于狗腹泻的讲座，对吧？”）

但知识差距依然很大。在2023年和2024年进行的一项调查中，76%的兽医表示不知道如何开具蜜蜂处方；95%的兽医表示无法识别蜜蜂疾病。

因此，一些兽医学院也在努力为下一代兽医提供更好的蜜蜂基础知识培训。

“兽医的加入非常必要，因为当前蜜蜂和养蜂人的处境都非常艰难，”密歇根州立大学蜜蜂医学项目的创建者和现任负责人梅根·米尔布拉思说，她也是这项兽医调查的作者之一。“我们真的需要全员参与。”

蜜蜂医学

在佐治亚大学，梅奥特博士认为自己有条件帮助兽医专业的学生更好地了解蜜蜂。他说，在食品药品监督管理局规则变更后，他自问：“为什么不把我的业余爱好养蜂和我的工作结合起来呢？”

他与大学农学院的同事合作，该学院已设有享有盛誉的蜜蜂实验室和养蜂人认证项目。他们共同创建了蜜蜂医学项目，如今该项目包括一个蜜蜂俱乐部、一个蜜蜂治疗团队和一门为期三周的选修课程。

来自佐治亚州奥斯特尔的四年级兽医学生麦迪逊·摩根，报名参加了所有相关课程，这让她自己都感到惊讶。入学时，她对蜜蜂并无特别兴趣。“我压根没想过它们，”她坦言。

但当她听说蜜蜂俱乐部后，产生了兴趣，梅奥特博士的热情最终打动了她。

“这最终成了一种我未曾预料的热爱，它并不在我的计划之中，”摩根说，她最终成为蜜蜂治疗团队的管理者。看到蜜蜂带着厚厚的花粉团回到蜂巢，就像看到自己的狗学会新把戏一样令人兴奋。“当我们看到它们带着‘花粉裤’回来时，我们为那只蜜蜂感到骄傲，”她说。

但在某些方面，这与兽医学的核心理念形成了挑战，即每一个动物的生命都至关重要。“我们都爱动物，会想‘哦，我们要拯救每一个个体，’”摩根说。

这种思路对蜜蜂来说并不适用，因为蜜蜂的寿命可能仅以周计算，且只能作为更大群体的一部分生存。蜂群通常被描述为“超级有机体”，蜜蜂通过集体协作完成最基本的生物功能。

因此，在蜜蜂医学中，蜜蜂本身不是患者，蜂巢才是。兽医学院的教学蜂场拥有10个蜂群，每个蜂群都安置在一叠叠随群体扩张而增高的箱子里。

蜜蜂治疗团队的学生每周都会检查蜂巢。他们首先检查每个蜂巢底部积累的碎屑。花粉颗粒和蜡屑是健康活跃蜂群的正常副产物。但如果在底板上发现蜂巢甲虫、畸形的蜜蜂幼虫或大量微小的红棕色斑点——瓦螨——则可能预示着问题。

学生们还会对蜂巢内的木框进行熏烟处理，这些木框上装有蜜蜂用来储存食物和养育幼虫的蜡巢脾。“蜂群是否有足够的花粉、花蜜和蜂蜜维持生存？蜜蜂是否需要更多空间？是否有害虫或病原体的迹象？”

蜂群健康

在那个四月的疯狂星期天早晨，检查中发现了两只瓦螨，这并不值得惊慌。瓦螨已经变得如此普遍，以至于在蜂巢中发现它们并不罕见。除非螨虫数量激增，否则无需进行治疗。

佐治亚大学蜜蜂实验室负责人、蜜蜂医学项目创建者之一刘易斯·J·巴特利特表示，尽管瓦螨可能摧毁最强壮的蜂群，但健康且营养充足的蜂群能够自行将某些害虫和病原体“控制”在一定范围内。

“但如果我们的优质食物来源耗尽，因为我们已经看到传粉昆虫栖息地的减少，”他补充道，“再加上我们用各种杀虫剂和杀菌剂毒害它们，以及其他已知会抑制它们免疫系统的农用化学品，那么就可能引发大规模爆发。”

左侧为佐治亚大学兽医教学医院的约尔格·梅奥特博士。下方依次为：一名学生观察寄生虫样本；梅奥特博士的课堂；以及蜂箱饲喂器中的益生菌。

从上至下展示蜜蜂和蜂蜜在兽医中的应用：鹦鹉接受蜂蜇疗法、患有关节炎的马匹注射蜂毒化合物、在受伤的犰狳身上涂抹牛蜜，以及用蜜蜂螫针进行的蜂疗。

因此，该项目鼓励学生全面思考蜂群健康，教授他们关于能够保护蜜蜂和养蜂人的营养原则和环境条件。

“如果你被叫去一个机构出诊，”梅奥特博士说，“你不会想成为那种只开着车到处跑、开张处方就走人的人。”

梅奥特博士并不指望他的学生将整个职业生涯都围绕蜜蜂展开，但希望他们能够自如地接纳养蜂人作为客户。

当然，梅奥特博士也是从业余养蜂爱好和独立的专业领域起步的。如今，即使是他对外来动物的研究也融入了蜜蜂。他曾用蜂蜜（可能加速某些伤口愈合）治疗受伤的海龟和犰狳，并正在研究蜂产品是否可能对患癌动物有益。他说，蜜蜂“已经彻底占据了我的生活”。

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Trump Bullish About A.I.

Despite Pervasive Unease

Waving Off Voters' Worries About Potential Job Losses and New Data Centers

By TOYOT BOWIE

WASHINGTON — The rapid rise of artificial intelligence has started to make voters around the country, raising fears that they could be thrust from their jobs if the technology succeeds, or lose their retirement savings if the industry falters.

But for all of the emerging death and political feedback, there has been no sign of concern at the White House, where President Trump has generally maintained a much more sanguine view about the coming digital revolution.

To the administration, A.I. can do little wrong.

In recent weeks, Mr. Trump and his top aides have dismissed the suggestion that widespread automation could carry negative consequences for families, businesses and the broader U.S. economy. Even as the electrician grows uneasy about the technology — and the data centers that power it — the president has only hardened to his view that A.I. will not exchange everything from medical research to military action.

The political chasm between the president and the public has been most evident surrounding the red-hot issue of data centers, which Mr. Trump has defended as "Money Machines" even as opposition widens nationally over the facilities.

A small group of demonstrators interrupted one of Mr. Trump's rallies in Michigan last month to demand an end-to-data-center construction. That incident came on the heels of similar protests around the country in a campaign organized by conservatives who otherwise support Mr. Trump's politics.

"I think they are bullish about this technology," Michael Strate, the director of economic policy studies at the conservative American Enterprise Institute, said of the administration's approach.

"Mr. Strate said he generally agreed with much of the president's 'general approach' to working to foster A.I., and that he believed the technology would leave in the economy and national areas. Continued on Page A17

Cameras to Track Any U.S. Car

Are Spreading. So Is Defiance.

By FERNANDO ALFONSO III and KASHBIR HILL

CARROLLTON, Texas — Driving down a road fired with only multi-automatic Dallas, Philip, a 25-year-old cellphone tower repairman, was describing the requisite piqueasy of his homegrown hot property when he stopped indoors.

"Flock!" he said, pointing to a really light pole at an intersection.

Flocks network at 220,000 converse tracks borrow plates.

Attached to it was a small black box with a camera that takes place on the other by 24 o'clock. A cone plain reader made by Flock Safety, based in Atlanta, that starts 'low enforcement' and 'low open' control cars and allows officers to see where cars of interest have been.

Philip pulled into a strip mail, parked outside a dentistry office and opened an app on his phone. The app, DeFlock, invites people to 'view and contribute to an open map of public mass surveillance services.' He seemed to on the intersection on the digital map and plotted the location of the camera. Philip asked that his full name be withheld, because Flock's chief executive, Garrett Langley, once called DeFlock 'terrorism.'

In Philip, DeFlock is about pushing against the proliferation of cameras that capture the ordinary awareness of military people.

"And what is my way of pushing back? Education. Data," Philip said. "Am I just being paranoid? No, they're actually everywhere!"

Flock's 250,000 cameras can be Continued on Page A17

Trump 'Takeover' Altered D.C.,

But Is the City Any Better Off?

By CAMPBELL ROBERTSON

WASHINGTON — A year ago, President Trump pronounced Washington vowed, and shuts-ridden and announced that he was going to 'take back our capital.'

Many residents watched in dismay as the president declared that he was sending thousands of National Guard troops and federal law enforcement agents into the streets and that the Metropolitan Police Department was 'under direct medical control.'

Courts blocked some of the Trump administration's most aggressive actions, but the incursion — which local activists call 'the occupation' — and have the most serious encroachment on Washington's limited self-government in half a century.

Armed troops have become fixtures in Metro stations, on down-

rows streets and around newly re-herbalized federal parks. Federal agents in the public parks have dentist streets alongside city police officers. The administration loosened restrictions on car chases by the federal police through there during the several crashes, two of them fatal.

With serious and prosecutions soaring, the jail population has grown by nearly 20 percent over the past year, and nearly 40% of what the city's chief judges describe as a "breaking point."

None of this appears likely to go away soon. The National Guard employees have been 'cycle' toward from 23 states and territories, has been extended until Mr. Trump's last day in office. A $292 million federal contract was recently Continued on Page A17

Beacon workers and local residents pitched in to find survivors in Cali, Colombia, after a 7.6-magnitude tending attack on Monday.

Scores Dead After Strong Quake Shakes Colombia

This article is by Julie Turbewitz, Governor Gloricky and Michael Levenaar.

BOGOTÁ, Colombia — A powerful earthquake rocked western Colombia on Monday, rattling much of the country and setting off a desperate search for survivors in the rubble of collapsed buildings in several major cities.

At least 131 people were killed and 87 others were injured, according to Columbus president, Elizabeth De La Espelotte, who said that at least 1,575 homes, 10 health centers and 53 schools had been damaged. The death toll was

likely to rise as rescue crews and residents continued to dig through flattened buildings.

The 3-magnitude earthquake, which struck at 7:34 a.m., was the strongest recorded in Colombia in the last decade, according to the Colombian Geological Survey. The agency said that two after-sharfs with magnitudes of 2.8 and 4.8 had been recorded and that the quake was felt in neighboring countries, including Panama, Ecuador and Venezuela, which is still recovering from devastating two quakes just weeks ago that killed more than 6,000 people.

The epicenter, according to the

Rescuers Sour Rubble

After the Region Is Concluded Again

U.S. Geological Survey, was about three miles east of San José del Palmar, a town of about 3,000 people in the Canal region, one of the poorest parts of Colombia.

Values showed partially collapsed buildings in Cali, Colombia's third-largest city, with about two million residents, as well as in Pereira and Manizales,

two cities that are hubs of Colombia's coffee-growing region.

In the town of Calaca El Encino, three children were killed when a well collapsed, according to the regional governor, Dában Francisco Toro. Ms. Toro said that one hospital had been killed, another had been overwhelmed with victims and the patients had been evacuated from a third hospital.

The city of Pereira, which is home to about 300,000 people and lies just 25 miles from the epicenter, was also hard hit. The mayor, Mauricio Salazar, said a national radio station that at least 10 people

Continued on Page A9

Heat Overwhelms Pakistan's Chile Capital

Farmers are struggling to adapt to soaring temperatures that can wreck their priced crops. Page A6

A Man-Bites-Dog Story: A Paper To Doing Well

By ERIN WEMPLE

Those who say print is dead should make the delivery round on Thursday mornings with Mark Frost, founder of The Chronicle of Glenn Falls, N.Y.

As Mr. Frost drives around in a Sahara Forester packed with hundred newspapers, the faithful stand waiting at drop-off points. One of these spots is a Hamzaford grocery store where William Norton, 76, waits in his maroon Chevy Silverdale, ready to grab 40 copies of the free weekly for his neigh-

A Family-Run Weekly

Is Farcely-Local

bers in Sixty Creek, a twisty and stoneless ride from Glenn Falls.

"That's all they got to read over there," said Mr. Norton, by way of explanation.

People running off with stacks of Chronicles is common enough that Mr. Frost has taken to quizzing them on their intentions. Printing is expensive, after all,

and he wants each copy to reach a reader. "Most guys actually stick to the other day. I'm packing some glass," Mr. Frost recalled. He took the papers back.

Mr. Frost's crusade are common to a plenty category of publications uprished across the country. Though nearly 3,500 newspapers have issued publication since the mid-1960s, about 3,200 publications like The Chronicle — independent, sometimes family-owned weeklies — have been 'not strictly resident,' said Zach Metzger, director of the state of local Continued on Page A19

Thriving Island,

A Jewel of Iran, Broken by War

By FARNAZ FAMSHI

and SHIRIN NABIN

The turquoise blue waters, white sandy beaches and dramatic cliffs on the island of Qodari until recently drive millions of annual visitors and a devoted community of artists, investors and designers who helped turn the island into Iran's Eastern vacation spot.

It is so exquisite that it earned a UNESCO Global ConPark designation because of its natural winters, with names that come out of a fairy tale: the Valley of Stars, the Stars Forest designers and the hawkfield turtles of Shih Devia.

But the war with the United States and Israel, now stretching into its sixth month, has upended life, leaving the most bustling destination dreadies and its population struggling.

Farokh, 25, works in the tourism industry on Qodara and said in a telephone interview from the island that everyone in the tourism sector had been affiliated and that the war never abated for the people of the south, unlike elsewhere in Iran, showed of near-constant stretches. She said they lived in a perpetual state of disul-

"Many people owned boats and transported passengers, ran parentheses, rented more/kilen to tourism for operated rafts. Almost all the raftes gradually closed, sometimes one or two a day. Some people simply packed up and left the island," said Farokh, who, like everyone interested for this article, spoke on

Continued on Page A10

NATIONAL A11.0 Final Road Trip for 'Further' Box Room's pre-feedish haul is preparing for one more run. And to its owners, America could save use A.

Heavyweight in U.S. Elections AIPAC has more than doubled what it spends on political campaigns, while rarely mentioning Israel. PAGE A16

BUSINESS B1-5

Waymo Grewe, So Do Glinbes.

As the company displays more drivers' new cars, its vehicles keep encountering new and unexpected situations that they have no script to handle. PAGE B1

Lobbying in a Chip Crunch

As data centers sat up memory chips, other industries that need them are asking for government help. PAGE B1

OBITUARED A20-2

What if Name N.B.A. Coach

After being a star player on the Celtics, Don Nelson led several teams over a 31-year career. He was 86. PAGE A20

ARTS C1-6

Picking Up Good Vibrations

The artist Jacob Smolich records earthly murmurs and other sounds most people normally can't hear. PAGE C1

A Spoof of 'Heated Rivalry'

A new musical parody takes aftertones on airs at one of the most talked-ahead television shows of the year. PAGE C1

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

Two Cities, Toughed Histories

Costa, Spain, and Focles, Morocco, are physically separated by only a mile, but are intertwined by family, trade and a recurring border crisis. PAGE A5

SPORTS B4-9

For Too Many, There Is No Try

A look at how Major League Baseball teams often fail to make big moves that could help them take advantage of a fleeting windows in win. PAGE B4

OPINION A22-23

Tresier McMillan Cotton PAGE A21

SCIENCE TIMES D1-8

Protecting the Honeybee

Intertraction are properly embracing the insect, a vital pollutant for agriculture but one that is threatened by parasites and other dangers. PAGE D1

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The Story Behind the Story

4.16 rate with the prehistoric base, the state of the Department of Education and other topics were on the minds of New York Times readers.

Responding to Questions on GLP-1s and More

A Times reporter addressed a reader who wondered about weight loss drugs and addiction.

By THE STAFF OF THE MORNING

The Morning newsletter team regularly asks you for your questions about the news and then think New York Times best report- ers who can best answer them. Journalists from our Well, Politics and Washington desks answered a few queries they re- solved from curious readers.

The Treasury announced a new gold coin with President Trump's face on it. I thought there was a low against pictures of living people on currency. What's the truth?

HOWARD STONE, BENTON BEACH, FLA.

Alan Rappaport, who covers economic policy in Washington, writes: The controversy about the legality of Trump's face signal- ing on the gold coin rests on the question of whether or not a coin counts as currency.

In 1886, Congress passed a law stating that "only the portrait of a deceased indi- vidual may appear on United States car- recy and securities." The Trump admits in- truism is issuing into the argument that a coin is different from paper currency or a security. It is not even clear who would have standing to take the administration to court to kill the commemorative coin. (It, for the record, contains no actual gold).

When GLP is first hit the market, there was speculation that they could be used to effec-

tively treat addiction, but I haven't heard anything recently. Are there any clinical trials underway?

LUCINDA DOLAN, GLEN ROCK, PA.

Dani Blum, a health reporter who covers weight loss drugs, writes: There's been a lot of momentum around GLP-1s for substance use disorders (aids), particularly when it comes to alcohol. The Department of Veter- ans Affairs just launched a trial testing sensophistic, the active substance in trem- pix and Wagner, for people with alcohol use disorder — I'll be closely watching these results. And a few study results have tri- ckled out over the top five years suggesting that GLP-1s could curb cravings for alco- hol, Sidi, scientists urge caution. We're still in the early stages of studying this.

What is going on with the Department of Education currently?

KELLY ELLIS, DENVER

Michael C. Bender, who covers the depart- ment, writes: The Education Department still exists; it's just harder to find Trump wants to completely eliminate the agency, but that requires an act of Congress, where lawmakers have shown little interest in such a change. His workaround has been to scatter the department's main functions across six other executive agencies.

Education Secretary Linda McMahan remains in her job, along with her top bearments. Not the operate now almost like a contractor, hiring the Health and Human Services Department, the Treasury

and others to effectively employ Education Department staff members and carry out the department's statutory duties.

Is there a reason the United States does not have a single Primary Day? It seems to tend a good deal of influence to a handful of states, which in turn seems less democratic.

JACQUELINE RITKA, RAYN RITKA, MIAMI

Karin Glueck, a national politics reporter, writes: You're right that a handful of states have long played an outside role in deter- mining presidential nominees. The order of the early-voting states has at times been a source of debate and drama, especially for the Democrats. They have wroedled for years with how to reflect the party's, and the country's, diversity in their lineup.

As for why there's no single national Primary Day? I turned to Elaine Kantorik, who wrote a book on the presidential pri- mary system, "Primary Politics," and is a member of the committee that has been working on the Democrats' new primary lineup. In short, she said, it's a constitu- tional issue.

"This started out, and still remains con- sistentially, in the purview of the state," she told me. "In order to get all the states to be on one page, you'll have to have an act of Congress, and Congress has been very reluctant to ever interfere in that."

Send the Morning team your queries at nytimes.com/morning questions.

A Headline From History

HUNT FOR EVIDENCE OF LIFE

ON MARS IS STILL A PUZZLE

August 11, 1976. At a news conference held a few weeks after the Viking 1 lander touched down on the Chrysa Plain on Mars, NASA scientists said that Martian sail samples showed an active chemistry, but signs of life had yet to be detected. The Times reported a dead whether there could be life on the planet, Dr. Joshua Lederberg said, "We may not be able to answer that question with Viking," he added that scientists did not expect to find such a "degree of radiation activity" on the planet's surface. Ubi- mately, Viking 1 laded to uncover any definitive investigations, but it was able to give scientists a clearer picture of Mars and lasted longer than any- one expected, needing its final transmission to Earth in November 1982. Last September, a paper pub- lished in Nature reported that NASA's Prevenience, a robotic cover that has been on the planet since February 2012, discovered a rock containing organic compounds and minerals that gave the strongest indicators yet of the existence of Martian microbes.

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Facts of Interest

Memory chips, which store data in items such as smartphones and cars, are being snapped up by A.I. companies for use in data centers, which has created a shortage. The price of these components has quadrupled over the past year.

The Book to Lobby in (U) Over an A.I. Chip Crunch (U)

Recent research has suggested that nearly one-third of all women ages 20 to 44 will have heart disease in 2050, up from one-fourth today.

Heart Disease in Young Women (H)

Cesta, a city near the northernmost tip of Morocco in North Africa, has been under Spanish control for hundreds of years, and its 84,000 residents are Spanish citizens, many of them from the mainland.

Buy and Wealth Gap Divide A phone Class on

The term "soundwalking" was coined by R. Murray Schuler, who established the World Soundscape Project to draw attention to the increasing intensity of noise and the importance of capturing natural and community soundscapes. There's In Music in Near there (V)

In the 20th century alone, smallpox is estimated to have killed 300 million people.

Smallpox's Genetic Mystery (S)

Indiana University's 16-0 record and national championship in football last year pushed the athletic department donations to $50 million, from $25 million, in fiscal year 2026, which ended in June. A National Championship in training a Talk That's Raising All Indians Ships (a)

During the 2024-25 season, the United States lost more than half its managed honeybee colonies. Keeping Hives About (I)

The Mini Crossword

ACROSS

1 "Magic" items for Jack, in a classic fairy tale 2 What the "4" stands for in A/V 3 Political ally who receives corrupt benefits 4 "Life off" 5 Cutkey suffix with "best!"

DOWN

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ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PLEILE

Reader Corner

Callout: Do you aspire to live to 100?

In skydiving part of your plan for a long life? Share your aspirations, lofty or ser, with so.

These days, it seems like everyone is obsessed with longevity. Celebrity doctors tell you what to eat as you get older, TikTok influencers give you also care routines and YouTube videos promise the most efficient exercises. But what does aging well really mean? What do people who are actually doing it say about it?

For a special section in October, The Times would like to hear about the realities of living longer — from the unexpected joys to the sobering changes. If you aim to join the ranks of the estimated 700,000 centenarians in the world, we would love your thoughts (in, say, 200 words or less).

If living to 100 is your goal, do you have a plan to get there? Have you spent time with a friend or loved one who is that age? If so, what have you learned about how to live longer and love your life, whatever age you aspire to? What inspires you and shapes your outlook, and how has that changed over the years? What would you tell your younger self? Or, what anecdotes from the centenarians in your life resonate with you?

To share your story, fill out a form at nytimes.com/readers. We will not publish any part of your submission without contacting you first.

In Our Inbox

Excerpts From New York Times Newsletters

An outbreak of cyclosporiasis has changed many salad eaters' habits: They've become scared to scarf down lettuce and other leafy greens. Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's list of states associated with contaminated iceberg lettuce increased by six, bringing the total to 10. For the New York Today newsletter, James Barron asked Julie Cromwell, a business reporter who has been covering the outbreak, for an update: Read an edited excerpt from their conversation below.

How widespread is the outbreak? How many cases have stabs and city health departments tracked in New York?

Cyclospora outbreaks occur every year. But this year's outbreak is massive. Federal regulators are tracking about 22,000 confirmed and suspected cases of cyclosporiasis. That's likely undercounting, since many people either get sick earlier or are ill now and not working medical help. New York State health authorities say there have been 823 diagnosed cases of cyclosporiasis since May, with 553 of those in New York City.

What happens now? And if the outbreak subsides, will consumers stop shopping locally for lettuce?

So there will be a segment of consumers who have switched to buying lettuce from small produce stands or farmers' markets and will continue to do so after cyclospora bales from headlines. But other price-conscious consumers will go back to grocery-store lettuce because it tends to be cheaper.

And while sales of prepackaged salads at grocery stores fell 20 percent in July from a month ago, that also tells you that plenty of consumers continue to buy their leafy greens from grocery store shelves, unconcerned about cyclospora.

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Here to Help

A Recipe for One-Pot Japanese Curry Chicken and Rice

Classic Japanese curry is a beef-and-vegetable stew served over rice. This recipe is not a traditional one, but rather an easy-workingly version, a one-pot meal featuring chicken thighs, vegetables and rice. Instead of relying on store-bought or homemade instant curry mix, this dish relies on a few spices to mimic traditional Japanese curry flavors. AIR DOGN

TIME: 1 HOUR YIELD: A STRONGER

2 pounds bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs (about 4 to 6 thighs) 2 tablespoons canola oil Salt and black pepper 3 tablespoons unsalted butter ½ cup finely chopped white or yellow onion 3 tablespoons Mutton curry powder 1 tablespoon minced garlic 1 tablespoon minced fresh ginger ½ teaspoon ground nutmeg 1½ cups short-grain white rice, rinsed until water runs clear 1 large baking powder (about 1 pound), such as naeoli, white or Idaho, peeled and cut into ½-inch cubes 3 medium carrots, sliced ½-inch thick 3½ cups low-sodium chicken broth 3 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce Chopped scallions, pickles, kimchi and/or hot sauce, for serving

1. Heat oven to 375 degrees. Rub chicken with 1 tablespoon oil, and season with salt and pepper.

2. In a large Dutch oven or heavy pot, heat remaining 1 tablespoon oil with 1 tablespoon butter over medium until butter is melted. Working in two oats pot, brown chicken 3 to 4 minutes per side, and transfer to a plate.

3. Add onion to the pot, season with salt and pepper, and cook, stirring, until softened.

2 minutes. Add curry powder, garlic, ginger, nutmeg and the remaining 2 tablespoons butter, and stir until butter is melted and spices are fragrant, 1 minute.

4. Add rinsed rice and stir until evenly coated in spices. Add potato, carrots, broth and Worcestershire sauce, scraping the lettuce of the pot to lift up any browned bits. Season broth generously with salt and pepper. Arrange chicken (and any accumulated juices) on top, skin side up, and bring to a hot over high. Cover and bake for 20 minutes. Uncover and bake until most of the liquid is absorbed and chicken is golden and cooked through, about 10 minutes longer.

5. Divide chicken and rice among boxes, and garnish with scallions. Serve with any combination of pickles, kimchi and hot sauce.

For more recipes, visit New York Times Cooking at sycooking.com.

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TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

International

The New York Times

Málaga is Spanish's first major propulsion city. During the tenure of Mayor Francisco de la Torre, it has baured heavily into tourism. Critics accuse him of creating a city that many natives cannot afford.

THE GLOBAL PROFILE FRANCISCO DE LA TORRE

He's Málaga's Savior to Some. To Others, He's Its Spoiler.

By JASON ISOBURSTZ

M.G.A.G.A. Spain — Every few yards on the palm-lined boardwalk, another passerby stopped Francisco de la Torre, Málaga's 63-year-old mayor, to thank him for transforming this port town on Spain's southern coast.

A local investment consultant thanked Mr. de la Torre for attracting foreigners. A British transplant praised him for making her feel at home. And near Google's 17,000-hour cybersecurity hub, a 75-year-old woman simply wept and protected her love for a mayor who has led the city for the past 26 years.

"Many years will have to pass before there is a mayor like this again," said the woman, Mercedes Maríño, adding that she had never seen a politician with "such good intentions."

To Mr. de la Torre's critics, the question is whether those good intentions — which have transformed Málaga into a thriving magnet for tech and culture — have also paved the road to over-tourism, skyrocketing housing costs and the loss of Málaga's soul.

As Mr. de la Torre, "Grandpa Para" to his many grandchildren, prepares to run next year for his eighth consecutive term, that question is reverberating far beyond Spain's tech-sonic propulsion city.

Provincial cities across Europe are struggling to revive their economies after decades of deindustrialization. Those that can turn more fully to tourism. Others seek to become tech hubs and to attract digital nomads.

Málaga is betting on both and is a litmus test for whether such a gamble can pay off without destroying a city's character. Depending on who you ask, Málaga — Peanuts hometown — is either doubling its chances for survival or self-inflicting a double whammy that is rendering the city unaffordable, unbiodile and unrecognizable.

In Málaga, that debate is persuaded by Mr. de la Torre, a mild-mannered and bespectacled public servant who grew up the second of eight children in a humble part of the city. The Málaga he was raised in, he said in an interview, was a premier waterland where bread was rainsed and children played with rag balls.

"I don't remember a single swing," he said.

Now, critics see a different abandonment in the modern city center. There are more tourist apartments per square mile in central Málaga than in any other major city in Spain, according to national statistics. That, Mr. de la Torre's opponents say, has followed not any sense of a real place. The Mestish castle and the penthouse apartment of the actor Antonio Banderas, another native son of Málaga, have become a backdrop to movable shops and bachelor and bachelor-prize-wild parties. And, 75 percent of home purchases in Málaga are now made by nonresidents, according to Málaga's association of economics. According to a local

Carlos Barrogán contributed reporting.

'I do not consider myself responsible for the problem.'

Above left, life at Málaga's city beach. Downtown rentals dominated by tourists, right, have squeezed out local families.

union, more than 43 percent of residents in the city and its surrounding province sure less than the minimum wage — six points higher than the Spanish average.

"I do not consider myself responsible for the problem," said Mr. de la Torre when asked if he had created a monster. We spoke at the Málaga-temper of Paris's Pompidou Center, one of the museums built during his tenure. He said that while the economic boom had created "housing challenges," the real blame felt on national-economic dynamics and the reluctance of the federal government, which regulates land use, to build new housing.

The mayor hasn't always seemed so concerned. In 2024, he infuriated some

residents who couldn't afford rents by saying that moving out of the center wasn't "that big a deal." Now, clearly in campaign mode, he talked up housing construction, a proposed tourism tax earmarked for lowering rents and his imposition of a temporary moratorium on letting apartments to tourists in the city center.

Málaga and its surroundings have a history of political and economic flux. One of Spain's greatest history paintings depicts revolutionaries dying for liberal ideas on the beach in 1812. After a pen wiped out its seven-wise industry, Málaga embraced the industrial revolution, but ultimately found it harder to become established as a manufacturing hub than better-connected con-

petitors did. In the 20th century, during the Franco dictatorship, the city and the surrounding coastline were as the center of a tourism explosion and most construction boom that transformed its landscape and economy.

In 1870s, Mr. de la Torre entered the picture as a provincial leader during the Franco regime, followed by a stint as a central lawmaker during the transition to democracy. He helped establish Málaga's first university in 1872, and in the early 1890s, he became a proponent of a new technology park. By 2000, he was mayor.

The park benefited from an early investment in fiber optics, as well as from proximity to Spain's fourth-largest airport. Felipe Becerra, the park's geo-

eral director, also said that she site had been bolstered by Mr. de la Torre's policies, which provided extreme stability. Mr. Becerra said that when the phone rang on Sunday nights, he knew it would be Mr. de la Torre.

Under Mr. de la Torre, Mr. Becerra added, the tech hub had attracted multinational corporations. About 25,000 workers were employed at more than 700 companies that produce nearly 10 percent of Málaga's economic output, Mr. Becerra said.

Mr. de la Torre has also presided over a cultural transformation. Since he came to office, more than a dozen museums have been built in Málaga.

"It is another kind of city," said Lourdes Morena, artistic director of the Carmen Thyssen Museum, one of those museums, a landmark of the Málaga renaissance, that houses Spanish art.

The Picasso museum in Málaga, a short walk away, was envisaged before Mr. de la Torre took office but was opened during his tenure. It is now one of the top 10 museums in Spain, with 600,000 visitors a year. Tourism routinely rub the bald head of a statue of the artist near his birthplace.

"Prazos," said the museum's artistic director, Miguel López-Bonero Forrada, "would be surprised."

Yet there are many who see all this as a double-edged sword.

Any local activist, Eike España, noted the historical incongruence of using Picasso — who left town as a child and spent his formative years in Barcelona, Madrid and Paris — as a symbol of the city's new cosmopolitanism. Being born, Mr. España said, was "the only thing Picasso like in Málaga."

In 2024, Mr. España helped organize a rally that attracted 15,000 protesters against the negative consequences of Málaga's transformation. That campaign continues to find expression across the city, where you can often find protest slogans like "Málaga shouldn't be sold, it should be defended."

He dismissed the mayor's new restrictions on letting some apartments in the city center to visitors, saying the tourist scourge had spread far beyond the city's heart.

Around him, tourists dragged roller boards across places that — packed with disembarked cruise ship passengers — felt like the dock of a house cruise. Mr. España lamented an era of overtourism around Spain and Europe, but worried that Málaga was "even more lost than the other cities."

Others saw little closer but to follow Mr. de la Torre's path.

"Either you are a successful city with all the problems that come with it," said Manuel Arias Maldonado, a political scientist at the University of Málaga, "as you say."

Mr. de la Torre was himself adapting to the reality he had created. The spirit more building where he had lived for the last 30 years, he said, now heated tourists, and its director was occasionally filled with foreigners.

"Sometimes," he said, "I try to greet them in English."

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

Ukrainian Drone Attack Strikes Deep Into Russia

By EVAN NEUHIPURUNSKI and SHIRIAN O'GRADY

BY PETEROKURU, Russia - A Ukrainian drone attack Monday on an industrial city about 150 miles east of Moscow was among the deadliest on Russian territory since the full-scale war began in 2021, demonstrating Kyiv's growing ability to strike far beyond the conflict's front lines.

At least 13 people were killed and 20 others wounded in the strikes, according to the local mayor Russian investigators said that civilian and industrial sites had been hit in the city. Nishishuizuka, which is home to one of Russia's largest and most advanced refineries. In a statement, the country's Investigative Committee said a child was among those killed.

Ukrainian's General Staff said that Ukrainian forces had struck the Tansko oil refinery, and that a fire had been recorded there. In recent months, Ukraine has systematically targeted Russian oil refineries to disrupt fuel supplies to the military and to civilian consumers, causing long lines at gas stations.

The Krossila has scrambled to resolve the shortages, and laws have since disrupted in Moscow and in Petersburg, the supply pressures remain, and oil companies now have to spend billions of dollars on repairs.

The United Consulate in Kazan, the regional capital, said seven Uzbek citizens were killed in the Ukrainian assault on Moseley. Hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks went to Russia.

While deaths among civilians in Russia are growing, they still pale in comparison to civilian casualties in Ukraine, where Moscow has targeted cities with heavy intruders and drivers throughout the invasion.

As the war has largely reached a deadlock along the front lines in eastern Ukraine, Kyiv has sought to puncture the cause of mortality that has defined life in most of Russia, even as thousands of Russian soldiers continue to die in the fighting. Ukraine has tried to exert enough social and economic

pressure on President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia to force him to seek a cross-fire along the current front lines.

Ukrainian drone attacks have disrupted air travel across Russia and prompted widespread mobile internet shutdowns. The strikes have also triggered the worst fuel crisis in the country's recent history and suffered immense damage on Whitecross, Russia's largest online retailer. Ukraine has hit more than 20 warehouses belonging to the company.

But without a large stockpile of long-range missiles that can carry heavier payloads than the explosives delivered by drones, Ukraine's strikes inside Russia have still had a limited impact.

Life has remained largely unabandoned in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia's two largest cities, as Ukraine has resumed only a few successful attacks on them. The Russian economy, while weighed down by heavy spending on the war, is not near collapse, and it has received a boost from higher oil prices driven by the conflict between the United States and Iran.

As Kyiv has expanded its strikes inside Russia, Moscow's forces have done the same in Ukraine in recent weeks. Owners, glide bombs, and cruise and ballistic missiles have raised down on Kyiv and other major cities. Russian attacks have killed hundreds of Ukrainian civilians this summer, according to the United Nations.

Moscow is seizing on the depletion of Ukraine's air defenses. A global shortage of the most advanced interceptors for Patriot air defense systems, the only weapons in the Ukrainian arsenal that are capable of taking down ballistic missiles, means that Ukraine is likely to remain vulnerable to aerial bombardment.

Russian attacks have also damaged Ukrainian water and electricity systems. As autumn approaches, there are remaining the Russia will again target Ukraine's heat and power infrastructure, leaving Ukrainians to face an other broad winter of cold and darkness.

Taiwan Tests How to Cope If China Choked Internet

By CHRIS BUCKLEY and AMY CHANG CHEN

SUZUKI NO, Taiwan - For half an hour on Monday, mobile data was throttled across central Taiwan, as being millions of people unable to stream videos or share photos or make video calls on their cellphones.

The investigation was deliberately thrown into testing, for the first time on a mass scale, how the island might cope if a Chinese attack disrupted its communication.

The activity was part of Taiwan's annual civil defense exercise, when the government tries to give citizens a sense, albeit a fleeting, one of how they should respond if China tried to enter the self-governed island by force.

The exercise is held in different regions on different dates. On Monday to Taehong, a city of nearly 3 million, the government held an air raid still in which sirens were sounded at 2:30 p.m. telling people to seek similar. Sirens erupted as people filed into basements or stayed where they were in homes, shops, malls and train stations. Thus a message flashed on phones across the city.

True to simulated air attacks on communications infrastructure, mobile network access will be affected. It said, reminding scientists to switch to floodless broadband internet access or indoor Wi-Fi, and fished emergency bodies numbers.

Dichomes are one of 14 cities and counties designated for the interior disruption exercise.

In the Lal-jayeri mall, most shops went dark and closed for the 24-minute drill, while computers and diners stayed in place, home people took soap. Others chatted or placed games and watched videos that were already on to their phones.

"I think it's needed for sure," said Yu Chun-hsuan, a dental nursing student sitting in the north 'kull' court. "Nowadays we're all so attached to our phones. If there's a war or something, they really might mean to cyberwarfare or cutting communication."

The government of President Lal Chang-te has stepped up the publicity about this year's civilian exercises, emphasizing the danger posed by China - which on hand, the only true response to multitudes of warships, landing wounds and missiles that could support an invasion of Korea. Mr. Xi says he hopes to absorb Taiwan peacefully but will not rule out using force.

The exercise cautiously tested a problem that Taiwan sees as cen-

tral to its defense: how the island would function if its communications with the world were degraded. Taiwan rules nearly to address cables for telecommunications, and officials have said that commercial ships linked to China have submerged cables to some of Taiwan's other islands. A broad-bias of connectivity could seriously damage all of Taiwan and new parts.

As the same time, the civil defense drills, held alongside the military's annual 10-day drills, have become a yearly complete of how differently people view the threat from China, home residents and the people from the world attack by China was real and urgent. Others said the chances of war were slim, or that Taiwan's government was at least partly to blame for the heightened tensions.

People make could get along in peace, there wouldn't be these high, now they may levels of tension. And long for who, after the soldier now in his stories who swear a start for children's shoes.

Huang Chang-du, a 70-year-old willing research force at a cold hearing, said that China was a first threat and that the drill was the least that the Taiwanese people could do to protect themselves. It was being more strictly addicted than party lives, the safety of trying to an instruction sheet that a police officer had handed her.

"Taiwan can't be too weak, it needs to be a bit stronger, and it's the same for all. All the war's work look at us as a little country and try to assess or help us."

Part of the reasons for the annual military drill appears to be to its extent: for more than the island can defend itself.

The bigger question is how Taiwan's population would react during a real invasion or blockade. A problem that there only is real picture, but for some residents it helped them feel more mentally prepared.

"The one we hear from an event is the same as it's not that high, and it we really have a situation like war, I would think the A little better equipped to handle it," said Liao Mai-hsin, a just former who was at the level such as teaching during the drill, eating no cream with her bedtime and their free your old daughter.

The government also sought to avoid serving years or seriously disrupting business, and held the drill after Taiwan's work exchange closed for the day. Later on Monday, the city government and the state's city are now a call to the emergency hotline and fire brigade had not been disrupted.

A migrant crisis drew global attention to Ceuta and its neighbor across the bay. 'If they opened the border, a man in Friediq said, 'half of Morocco would leave.'

THE NEW YORK TIMES

The people of Ceuta, a Spanish territory, enjoy the benefits of European Union membership. A lack of economic opportunity contributed to the quickly reversed stumpede to Ceuta from Finding at the end of July.

This article is by Ben Hitchcock, Carlos Burroughs and Aida Alami.

CECTA, Spain - The two North African towns are only a mile apart, but vast differences separate them.

Ceuta sits near the northernmost tip of Morocco and just into the Mediterranean Sea like an elephant trade. It is a territory of Spain whose people enjoy the benefits of membership in the European Union. Compared with Finding, which is now much along the coast, it is wealthy. Finding is in Morocco, where economic prospects for many young people are weak.

In recent days, the divide between these communities collapsed at most a thousand of migrants from Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa crossed from around Finding into Ceuta. The upheaval captured global attention, including that of President Trump.

It was just the latest chapter in the tangled history between the two cities whose people have been mining and trading for generations even as their government policies and disputes have hardened the border between them.

The latest crisis illustrated, in condensed form, the personal reality that has bedeviled governments across the globe that try to control illegal migration: that economy disparity will motivate strivers across borders, often at great risk to themselves, to seek better lives.

In more than a dozen recent interviews in Finding and Ceuta, no one said they enjoyed migration to stop attempt on the way to.

"If they opened the border, half of Morocco would leave," said Abdullah Youshi, 45, who was selling things, which had a noodles and infatuities since7 times more the beach in Friediq. Ceuta was chiefly visible, just across the bay.

Asked if he had sold part to migrants trying to make the crossing, he shrugged.

"I don't ask people what they are going to use them for," he said.

The Moroccan government considers Ceuta accepted Morocco as a foreign base at times restricted the border to just pressure on Spain.

Ceuta has been under Spanish control for hundreds of years, and is in 249 civil denies, with much citizens, who have been from the mainland. Many others have roots in Morocco, may in much of the city lives there, speak Moroccan Arabic and are Muslim.

For many years, Moroccans who lived nearby could enter Ceuta without a visa, home would attend summer contracts there. Many others came to bring back duty-free goods to work, a type of permitted contribution that was good for business in Ceuta and key to the economy. Of finding and the surrounding area.

"We are around a country that was coming into this part of the country was an standing," said George Rapkin, who teaches anthropology at Wesleyan University and has studied the border.

But after Morocco built a giant port

complete nearby, it restricted the illicit trade from Ceuta, he said. During the pandemic, Morocco closed the border with Ceuta, and it did not allow that trade to resume when the border crepened, hurting the economies on both sides.

That exacerbated the wealth gap that has propelled people from Finding and other Moroccan towns toward Ceuta.

"For decades, people held an economy around that trade, and now it was gone," Mr. Rapkin said. "All these people, the thousands and thousands who made a living out of that border, haven't had their jobs replaced."

To enter Ceuta now, Moroccans need visas, which many receive obtain. At the border crossing, Spanish and Moroccan officials monitor traffic and stamp passports.

In his fabric stall at a Finding market, Alami El Makrini, 60, said he used to go to Ceuta a few times per week to get merchandise. Now he said,

"When the state decided to close the border, they hurt the displayters and didn't give us any compensation," he said.

Some have looked up debt, he said, and market workers were among those who fled their jobs to sneak into Ceuta too soon.

"They can't even make what they need for their daily survival expenses," he said.

Global attention seemed to on Ceuta on July 26, issue 72.000 migrants drawn by the British press falsely claiming that the border was open stormed into the territory. Over that weekend, most of them, short of food and water, returned to Morocco or were sent back by the Spanish security forces.

At least 75 migrants died while trying to cross, the Spanish authorities said. Most of them drowned in the bay.

The dramatic images of such a large, mercantile set off delusive across Europe and elsewhere, with right-wing politicians pointing to Ceuta as a worst-case situation.

Mr. Trump said that what happened in Ceuta looked like "the invasion of a country," and he used the issue to attack his Democratic opponents before this year's maltered elections.

"The same thing is going to happen to us if the Republicans don't get elected, except worse," Mr. Trump said during a cabinet meeting the next day.

In Ceuta last week, life edged back toward centrality. Residence strided around the city places and broad avenues of its city center, past bars, restaurants and shops selling swinewear and lingers.

But tension persisted. In a matter of years, we witnessed a firefight that appeared to be about migration and saw people at a grocery store call the police on a migrant visit. The police in bay had

Khadija Sagheni, 17, was one of the miniscents who crossed the mouth, with her sister, Widad, 16. In an interview in Ceuta, she said it was her fourth attempt to reach the territory.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

9

A7

SCIENCE PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Clockwise from top: A view of Ceuta and the border fence from Foideg; men from sub-Saharan Africa waiting overnight on a beach in Ceuta on Aug. 1; Moroccan border guards' boats patrolling the border with Spain in Foideg; hanging out in El Principe, a Ceuta neighborhood mostly inhabited by migrants, and families in a waterfront park beneath Moroccan flags in Foideg.

"I just wanted to leave," said the elder Ms. Saphorn, a recent high school graduate.

"We saw the stairs to happiness," said her sister.

Nighttime fog and the presence of so many other customers helped the others avoid being caught, she said. Once in Ceuta, they got new clothes and had their hair done, hoping to blend in.

Now, they plan to lie low to avoid being dreamed. Then, somehow, they will head for Europe, she said.

"We want to go to the mainland," she said.

In the Muslim-majority El Principe

neighborhood, young men carrying plastic bags with scant possessions walked down narrow lanes wearing mismatched sandals, suggesting they were new arrivals. Many would probably soon learn that reaching Ceuta did not mean they could stay, and that there was no easy way to cross the sea to continental Europe.

In an interview, Juan Jesús Vivas, the mayor-president of the territory, appeared as shaken and baffled as other residents by the recent events.

"People in Ceuta are in a state of sadness — a mix of grief, indignation, helplessness, fear, concern and anxiety," he

said. "People are asking themselves, 'Could this happen again?'"

He estimated that 2,000 to 5,000 of the migrants who entered last month were still there.

The city was also caring for about 1,200 unaccompanied miners, who exceeded Ceuta's shelter capacity by about 2,500 percent, he said.

"What has happened has laid bare just how vulnerable Ceuta's border is," he said.

Europa Avila, a retired political science professor who served in the Spanish military for more than three decades, including in Ceuta and Melilla, another

small Spanish territory farther east, said Ceuta's mentality had been shaped by its long history of being attached by its neighbors.

"This is a city laden with emotion because throughout its history it has been threatened and has felt alone," he said.

He dismissed the idea that Spain's North African territories were anachronistic, saying physical contiguity was not necessary for nations. If it were, he said, Northern Ireland would not be part of Britain and Alaska would belong in Canada.

"Slawski is very far from the United States," he noted.

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A8

Top, harvested red chiles being dried last November in Kuroi, Pakistan. Right, a sample of a crop that is considered the best in a country renowned for the peppers. But smaller producers, left and centre, are particularly facing challenges from climate change, as they try to find ways to avoid having their crop parched or drowned.

KUNRI DISPATCH

Red Chile Capital of Pakistan Is Wilting Under the Heat

By ELIAN PELTIER

and ZULAN REINMAN

KUNRI, Pakistan – Pakistan is one of the world's top producers of red chile peppers, and the small town of Kuroi is its red chile capital. Farmers dry their chiles the old-fashioned way, in the sun, and on market days, the dust is so overwhelming that the fury air makes eyes water and threats burn.

But extreme weather — heat, floods, drought and the unpredictability and high costs that come with these events — is causing a way of life that has shaped generations of farmers to slowly disappear.

On a recent morning in Kuroi, in southeastern Pakistan, Ahsan Ali Darx wandered his once-took field of red chiles, now scarred by scorched crops, parched soil and empty patches. He scanned the sky far again that the monsoon season was nearing, which might relieve the struggling plants stressed by months of extreme heat. But there was not a drop of rain on the horizon, and within a few hours, the temperature would top 120 degrees.

Agriculture accounts for nearly a quarter of Pakistan's economy and

employs half of its labor force. But the South Asian country of more than 250 million people is among the world's most vulnerable to climate change. Devastating floods to 2022 destroyed nearly 4.5 million acres of agricultural land — roughly the size of New Jersey — in an episode that many farmers in the provinces of Sindh and neighboring Punjab, Pakistan's bread basket, say they are still reeling from.

Red chiles are among the worm-affected crops, and Pakistani farmers say that growing this staple of Pakistani cancer has become a continual challenge. In recent years, unpredictable weather has brought heat waves and floods in a dizzying cycle, shattering crops and hitting small-scale traditional farmers especially hard, as the rising costs make it difficult for them to adapt.

Many farmers are trying to mix up their planting schedule to help the seedlings survive the heat until harvest. Mr. Darx started sowing his seeds in March instead of May, so the plants would be established enough to withstand better summer temperatures.

In some years, that has been enough. Last November, after a successful har-

vest, hundreds of chile growers, buyers and brokers converged on the town to haggle around stacks of red pepper that easily topped eight feet.

These market days breathe life into Kuroi, an otherwise sleepy town of 25,000 people in Sindh Province, about 70 miles west of the Indian border. The most affluent buyers at the market slammed among the remnants on motorcycles, while day laborers trudged, their backs bunched over the weight of the chiles. On average, more than 200 metric tons of them were sold daily at that single market during the post-harvest season. The region accounts for more than 95 percent of Pakistan's red chile production.

But this year, even March was too hot to plant. As Mr. Darx delayed sowing until May, shortening the growing season and exposing fragile young plants to increased heat stress.

In a sort of race against time and climate change, Mr. Darx and other growers are now doping their soil with much more fertilizer than before in a desperate attempt to keep their plants alive ahead of the harvest season, which starts in September.

By the end of July, the monsoon

Kuroi, with a population of 25,000, is about 70 miles west of India.

finally brought the first raindrops to Mr. Darx's fields. But with it will probably come the risk of overwhelming rain, be sweet.

"If there is too much rain, it will destroy the crop," Mr. Darx said. "If there is no rain, that will also be destructive."

The risk of flooding also makes the traditional process of drying the chiles more risky. After the harvest in September, farmers dry them on the ground, a process that takes about 10 days. Excess moisture can leave the harvest vulnerable to fungi.

For years, small farmers in Kuroi have clamored for modern facilities that would allow them to dry their chiles in a more controlled environment.

Photographs by ASIM HAFEEZ for The New York Times

"Whenever the government said it would open a corner, nothing happened," said Muhammad Saleem, a chile broker at the Kuroi market.

Local officials acknowledge that they were overwhelmed.

Muhammad Khan, a district official in Kuroi, estimated that up to one-third of the crop went wasted during the drying and processing stages. "Drying is the main issue for small landowners because of the mist that comes at night," he said.

Larger landowners have better shouldered the added costs that have come with the changing weather, Mr. Khan said.

He said the Sindh government was taking steps to address some of those challenges, including the recent approval of a new chile market in Kuroi with facilities like warehouses and auction grounds aimed at better protecting the harvest.

But faced with declining yields, higher fertilizer costs and persistent irrigation challenges, many farmers have begun to diversify.

This year, Mr. Darx decided to dedicate four acres of his field to 800 pagaya plants. Still, he said, that no matter the crop, few may be able to hold up to extreme weather.

"It seems that nature is no longer on our side," Mr. Darx said.

Left, workers preparing for an auction at a wholesale market in Kuroi. Pakistan's agriculture was once ravaged by floods, but scorching, water-sapping heat is now considered a dire problem.

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A9

Scores Are Dead After Strong Earthquake Convulses Colombia

Desperate Search

Is On For Survivors

From Page A1

had been killed there.

In Cali, Francisco González, 34, said he was riding on his motorbike when he saw a metal called the Maldas Rojo crash in the ground in a cloud of dust. He immediately became part of a volunteer rescue effort involving 20 to 30 people claiming through the rubble to find survivors.

"A young woman, she had fractures in her legs, and she was the first one we got out," he said. "Her husband came out from under her. He was in worse shape. He had placed me."

Four survivors were pulled from the rubble, but Mr. González was worried that others might still be buried underneath. By malnouring, rescue workers were clambering over the rubble, calling down into holes. "Is there anyone there?"

A heart 26 buildings in Cali had collapsed, according to its mayor, Alejandro Eder. He said that officials had dispatched rescue waxes and were asking for donations of helmets, work gloves, water and safety goggles.

At the scene of one collapsed apartment building in Cali, residents used wooden poles and their bare hands to move sides of broken interior.

"Everyone went running to help," said Eder Figueroa, 68, who said he lived in the building next door. "The lady who sells ice cream, the lady who sells juice."

He added, "We think there are three people alive inside, because we are. And then, including two children."

In Cali, searches at several collapsed buildings were punctuated by calls for silence as rescue workers and civilians strained to hear the cries of survivors.

The quake presented an immediate challenge for the president, Mr. De La Espirella, a right-wing lawyer with its previous political experience, who took office on Friday.

He had campaigned on a promise to shrink the government and crack down an insurgency armed groups and rampant crime. He earned the endorsement of President Trump, who had repeatedly clashed with Mr. De La Espirella's leftist predecessor, Gustavo Petro.

Mr. De La Espirella said Monday on social media that he had "personally assumed leadership" of the emergency response to the quake. "You are not alone," he wrote. "The main is present and taking action." He later treated the public at a news conference and

Reporting was contributed by Aal-F. Cali, Annie Correal, Anushka Pinit and Richard Pérez-Peña.

Searching the rubble in Cali, Colombia's third-largest city, on Monday after a 7.4-magnitude tumbler and aftershocks hit. The epicenter was about 100 miles north.

Excavating a woman in Cali, whose mayor said at least 20 buildings there had collapsed. Nearby countries also felt the quake.

promised to provide updates every few hours.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on social media that the Trump administration "stands ready to support the people of Colombia" and the De La Espirella administration.

In the capital, Bogotá, about 100 miles from the epicenter, Mayor

Carlos Fernando Galán said preliminary inspections had found no structural damage from the earthquake. He added that Bogotá was preparing to send 100 rescuers and rubble-removal equipment to hardter-tie cities. "Now is a moment for solidarity," he said in a video on social media. "Bogotá is ready to help however it can."

Extent of the Shaking based on available data

Notes: Data on 27-25-45 p.m. Hidden view by Monday, http://www.106.com/407-a-dollar-interest-gender-time-of-sugar-by-home-about-760123. Damaged Survey reference: "News," though the earthquake might be felt outside the areas shown. Source: U.S. Damaged Survey.

McLain's best-seller and editor. Top view view view

"Everyone went running to help. The lady who sells ice cream, the lady who sells juice."

EDER FIGUEROA, 48, a resident of Cali, Colombia.

The New York Times

Typhoon Dolphin made landfill on Sunday. It also intensified monsoon rains in the Philippines.

Typhoon Spurs Mass Evacuations in China

By MAX KIM

A powerful tropical cyclone has buffered China, prompting the authorities to evacuate more than a million people in the country's eastern coast and cancel hundreds of flights, as the storm continued its long path of destruction across the Pacific Ocean.

After forming near the Marshall Islands last month and running, while meteorologists said was an unusually long distance, Dolphin postmarked Okinawa, Japan, injuring six people and cutting power to thousands over the weekend.

It made landfall on Sunday evening near Tohoku, a city in Zhejiang Province on China's southeastern coast. The storm had winds as strong as 44 miles per hour, or 121 kilometers per hour. More than 1,000 flights in Shanghai were canceled as the authorities warned that the eastern coast would continue to experi-

The storm is the strongest to hit the country this year.

ence heavy rains this week.

An residents wrangled underlies that were being flipped inside out by the powerful winds, the Shanghai Tower – the third-called building in the world – was stabilized by a mass damper, an ornate pendulum-like weight suspended from one of its upper floors, according to the Chinese state broadcaster, CCTV.

The storm also intensified monsoon rains in the Philippines, disrupting maritime transportation and causing more arms to flood.

At initial parts of Manila, residents waded through waist-deep waters, where some children also played, while others sheltered in

emergency evacuation centers.

The Philippine meteorological agency warned in a Monday advisory that certain regions could still get up to 200 millimeters, or about eight inches, of rain that day.

"Numerous flooding events are likely, especially in areas that are urbanized, low lying, or survivors," the agency said. "Landslide likely in moderate to highly susceptible areas."

Dolphin, which takes its name from the Chinese white dolphins that live in Hong Kong's waters, is one of three tropical storms currently active in the northwest Pacific, lasting it are Chan-bom (a type of sandalwood tree in Lane) and Philin (a migratory bird in Macau).

All three members were picked by an international typhoon committee that allows its 14 member countries to take turns naming storms.

Months After Social Media Ban Started, Malaysian Children Are Still Logging In

By JI/NAIRA SARIED

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia – Pathin Parbona was expecting regain from the daily arguments she has with her present auto status putting away her phone. Both gave a lube age to sign up for TikTok, she said, and spend ten much time watching 3-motivants of the game Mobile Legends or playing games themselves.

Her country, Malaysia, barred children under 16 from social media starting on June 1, and Ms. Pathin was hoping the rule would socially reduce the boys' access time.

But months later, that has not been the case.

"It is the best thing ever that I can end up, on to TikTok," said Kayden Malik, 12, Ms. Pathin's older son. "It cures my boredom every day."

Malaysia is not alone to struggling to implement and enforce restrictions on social media use. But the authorities there had suggested the robust would be smoother than in countries like Australia and Indonesia, because they had told companies to rely on government-toured documents like identity cards or verify user's ages. Now they have suggested that the social media companies are wary of storing government data.

"I've has applies to platforms with more than 8 million users in Malaysia, which are TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube.

The platform either the directly affected or did not address why they had not established new age-verification systems.

Mets, which owns Facebook and Instagram, has argued that social media bans on children could be counterproductive and push them toward less-soft-milled spaces. Google, which owns YouTube, said it was committed to working with the Malaysian authorities.

For now, netting has changed for users.

"This delay for the ban is not great," said Ms. Pathin, whose younger son is 16. "Children's mental health is being affected by teaching TikTok for hours."

The authorities have asked on real media companies to explain their failure to comply with the ban and detail the measures they have taken to implement age verification mechanisms, the Ministry of Communications said in a statement last week. They now have used January 2027 to comply with the ban, according to Kawanathiphatchi Rani, the under secretary of the control and compliance division of the ministry.

Malaysia announced its plan in November. It echoed Australia's restrictions, instituted late last year, though that country had left the method of verification for the social media companies to decide.

Failure to comply with the ban can lead to fines of up to £5 million (taggy), or about £2.4 million.

Social media platforms are under intense scrutiny in Malaysia, which has 8 million children under 16. The country has seen a string of stabbing cases involving schoolchildren that officials and parents have blamed social media for, without providing evidence.

Last month, a 15-year-old girl was stabbed multiple times at a school in Banning, a town 20 miles south end of Kuala Lumpur, the capital. The local police said that social media may have influenced the attackers; a fellow student, but declined to give specifics because the investigation was ongoing.

Suhada Ariff, who has two daughters, said she believes access to violent and sexual content on social media is contributing to a rise in criminal activity among younger teenagers in schools.

"Social media has not health for our children," said Ms. Suhada, whose 12-year-old daughter bulged her age to sign up for TikTok and Instagram accounts. "Children are not housed on studies and sports activities, because

they spend hours watching videos online on these platforms."

The Malaysian authorities had assumed that verifying users' ages would be straightforward. In May, Fulton Fudah, the communications minister, said that there were no favourable issues with using government documents, in other sectors in the country, such as a wallet services, confirm users' ages with identification cards.

Some social media companies and civil society groups have voiced concerns about the safety of personal data.

"In their view, this would create concentrated repositories of sensitive data and materially heighten exposure to privacy breaches and cybersecurity incidents," according to a report issued by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, the regulator tasked with enforcing the ban.

The authorities have tried to address these concerns. Eating Fardah Intandai, deputy managing director for development at the commission, said that in general users' privacy, companies had been told they must only collect the data needed to verify age and limit storage of that information.

Australia, the first country is the world to ban social media accounts for children under 16, took a different task, with platforms ordered to come up with age verification systems, like facial analysis. This is largely because Australian law states that companies cannot ask users to provide government-toured documents to prove their age because of privacy concerns. But many children easily staired or evoked the systems.

In Malaysia, social media companies continue to push for the Australian model, said Mr. Kawanathiphatchi, the compliance official. They appear to have about four months to convince the authorities or implement age-verification systems that use government IDs.

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A10

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2028

War in the Middle East

Thriving Island, Jewel of Iran, Is Broken by War

From Page A1

the condition that her last name not be used for fear of earthquakes. Qodles was one of Iran's rare economic success stories, fueled by robust elements investment that led to development and job growth. Last year, nearly four million visitors traveled to Qodles and investment in the island grew by 141 percent compared with the year before, according to government data.

The most recent employment album 40 percent of Qodles's 100,000 people, and the island's free-trade zone, allowing for imports and exports at minimal cost of 1,000,000 of tax, made Qodles a trade hub.

The land ban all changed, particularly as the U.S. bombing campaign has become largely focused on the south of Iran, targeting Iranian forces, inundations involved in attacking vessels in the nearby Strait of Hormuz, and critical infrastructure used for civilians.

City dwellers who once bagged to the island for weekend and winter putaways have stopped coming, people say. The traditional houses turned into stylish boutique hotels, typically housed weeks ahead, remain empty. Cabs and restaurants along the beach, known for impromptu dance parties to the base of local drummers, are mostly closed.

The island's other main economic activity – fishing – has come to a near halt as fishermen face venturing into the open sea, according to interviews with nearly two dozen residents, business owners and frequent travelers to Qodles Island.

"My life has been completely disrupted," said A6, 46, a lower-man at Qodles reached by phone. "I have spent an entire life this long. It was my only source of income, fair at the moment. I have no income whatsoever."

He said fellow fishermen from nearby islands and on the coast of the mainland faced a similar pre-illusion. "We have less, less, fear," he said. "Fear of terrible events and fear of war."

Estate Middle at another of Qodles's tourism board, said the local news media recently that the island's economic history had tripled widely, from hotel owners facing bankruptcy to the local

fishing industry and handicraft markets. He said some people had started selling personal belongings to services.

"The situation is simply devastating," said Ibomou, a 29-year-old teacher from Qodles. "The no-great economy has practically come to a standard."

Endless War

For the south of Iran, the violence that first erupted with American and Israeli activities on Feb. 19, never ended, except for two intervals, even as a fragile ceasefire held in other parts of the country. The U.S. military said it had tarryed military and surveillance in 2000s, as well as infrastructure like coastal radar towers, ports and heights.

But heights have also landed on tunnels, ports, railways, harbors lined with fishing boats, factories and water devaluation plants, according to videos, Iranian state media and officials. The U.S. military said just last month, after the ceasefire collapsed, that stage than 1,000 new targets were hit in the south, with the strategy being to cut off the area from resupplying.

From April 5 – when Tehran said Washington announced a ceasefire and began organizing over an interim peace deal – until July 26, the United States declared the south of Iran almost nightly except for from April 9 to May 7 and then again from May to 25, according to a review of statements from U.S. Central Command.

The fighting ban followed a pre-illusion pattern: Iran should dispirvying in by-pass to blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, the U.S. border targets in the south of Iran, and then Iran residents will choose and ballistic missiles against U.S. military bases in the region.

The south of Iran is the heart of the country's oil and gas industry and listen to major ports, vehicles, energy and military standards, making it a vital region for the country's economic and security. But it is also home to millions of civilians, who are increasingly bearing the economic and human life of the war.

The effects have been hit in the southern country of Iran, at least 100 fishing boats in the last few were destroyed, local officials

said, affecting the livelihood of more than 1,500 people. In the north, 17 fishermen have been missing since May, when their boat disappeared in the Sea of Oman after warning short time on American helicopters, the main news agency $800's reported.

In a sudden presence north of Bandar Abbas, devotees targeting a guard station killed three family members of a park target, according to the minister of environment and is also published on BBC Persian showing the destroyed facility.

"Since the attacks began, there has been a constant flooding of an estimated," said Reza, 25, a resident in Bandar Abbas, the largest city in southern Iran. "Even when Bandar Abbas itself is not being able to escape are still worried because on one knows what might happen next."

Flammelt, 25, a mother of two small children in the city of Latcious to Iran's southern coast, said the repeated atrocities and growing sense of uncertainty were the tip a toll on her normal health. She said she has had great attacks, shortness of breath and a feeling of hopelessness.

"Every time I hear the word 'war,' I immediately pains, and it continues for several days," flammelt said, She added, "We have no way out. In front of us an enemy attacking and behind us a government that is brutal and making life difficult for people."

For the residents of Qodles, July 10 marked the moment when the abstract fear evoked by explosions in the distance became a tangible threat of being killed in your sleep.

In the early hours of that day, an enormous explosion rached the island, nothing walls and windows filled an earthquake. When neighbors and rescue workers arrived at the scene of the blast, they found a modest house of road bricks reduced to a pile of debris and a band of fire to paper inside the rubble. The most heavy object is giant crater.

A New York Times visual investigation found that the U.S. had dropped a 2,000-pound bomb, one of the most powering forces, caused in this war, on the house, to send in a drastic population to do so in the village of Chakrologou. There were no military facilities to its vicinity.

The astorche killed a father and mother and their 2-year-old son. It injured their two other sons, A and M, according to official reports. The father, Ghezzar Jaffari, had worked as a suit driver. He had been struggling to find work and make ends most during the war, according to comments by his relatives to Sharjah, a top newspaper in Iran.

"Under the blazing 120-mpherson, he drove around all day looking for a passenger," Mr. Jaffari's coach said Sharjah.

The Highest Price

Amit, 42, a businessman from Tehran, named in Qodles about 25 years ago with his family, draws to the island by its slower pace of life, natural beauty and economic opportunities. Amit is a very country, mournated it and then began a business of converting homes into trendy hotels. He said there were challenges: a poor road network, inadequate medical care and spotty internet.

But the poor year, Amit said, has been the hardest. First, the government alsoJawors the internet to quell protests during a nationwide uprising crushed by brutal force in January, disturbing advertising and hosting, which is mainly done through social media. Then came the war in February, at the peak of the tourism season, and the financial losses (Amit's).

Daily power and water cuts, ended extreme heat, and travel off the tables. Return of damage to infrastructure have added to the country, Amit said.

"I would like the world to know that ordinary people have never wanted this war and are not the first side of it," he said. "For they are the news paying the highest price."

Abbas, 38, a surfer, two guide for clean operator, said the island, its waters and its beaches were far home, and the many storm residents, he could never leave it behind on nearby free land yams. But he said it passed fast to work in the years of work building a thriving economy slip away.

"There are deeply frightened, and feeling everyone don't live afloat, too, say, Abbas said, 'I'm waging on me.'"

"I sense we are exhausted," he said. "The best thing the government can do is make peace with the world."

Oman Deal Won't Open Strait of Hormuz, Tehran Says

By AURELIEN BRESSIUS

Ihat said on Monday that any deal with Oman on shipping in the State of Hormuz would not lead to the waterway being fully re-opened and that the most would remain closed until the United States opened to demands include any lifting a sound that leads.

The commons were the latest sign that Iran sent its pity on the Strait — which has driven up global energy prices, creating a political headache for President Trump — as its best form of leverage in negotiations with Nehantful war.

Donald Baghani, spokesman for the Iranian Foreign Ministry, said at a news conference on Monday that the focus of the talks with Oman was "incredibly as understanding over a route for the safe passage of shipping," the Iranian state news media reported.

The Oman deal were proceeding smoothly, Mr. Baghani added,

according to the reports, has "thrown in separate from the discussion of reneging the Strait of Hormuz," which was "capting the right for removal of the air between the bare time of project on the United States and the country by the United States."

Ms. Baghani's comments echoed remarks by others, suggesting Iran's foreign minister, who said on Saturday that Iran and Oman were "very close" in an agreement but that renaming it was "control your another conditions."

The United States and Iran are not negotiating directly, although Secretary of State Marco Ruffini said last week that the talks were open. Iran and Oman were being conducted with American input.

The Strait of Hormuz, which runs between Iran and Oman, is a key route for the oil and gas trade. Ruffini effectively reached the waterway after the United States and Israel launched their military campaign against Iran in late Feb-

ruary, and it has become a key striking point on Iran and the United States have achieved the lowest periods of negotiation and furrin of fighting.

The closure of the waterway was a major energy costs in the United States, where path show that support for the already-able country is halting. Hard levers in Iran believe that the country's ability to clean it is traffic has put it in a position of strength and that it should not make tightness. Information

Last week, a top Iranian national security official issued a set of demands that are part of Iran's longstanding public negotiating status and that the country's United States must meet before Tehran would fully reopen the waterway.

These included the lifting of the U.S. naval blockade and various military and military standards on Israel's own forces from around the country, the payment of war regulations, the release of frozen Iranian

assets and the end of attacks on Iran's allies in the region.

Most of these demands were divided in a cease-fire agreement, known as the Islamabad Memorandum, that the United States and Iran have been informed that document said sanctions would be fully filled only in the event of a food deal regarding Iran's nuclear program.

On Monday, Mr. Trump told Azian that economic distress and high inflation in Iran would eventually have Tehran to agree to a new deal.

The Iranian authorities believe that they can withstand greater economic pain than Mr. Trump, who has midterm elections in November to consider.

At the news meeting on on Monday, Mr. Baghani said it was "up to the American side to stop and compensate for its illegal and destructive actions" in order to "talk about the next steps."

Netanyahu's Tightrope On Disarming Hamas

By ADRIK KASUSH

and AARON ROSENBAUM

TUL AVIV — Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is months away from his first national elections since the Hamas-led attack on Israel, faces an increasingly difficult challenge: here to please President Trump, his most important ally, without advancing voters to his right-wing base.

That challenge was on full display after Mr. Trump announced last month that his Board of Peace had reached an agreement to be held in front. The deal was quickly met by Israeli skepticism.

Then on Sunday, Mr. Netanyahu openly rejected Mr. Trump's plan in a rare public break with the president.

The dispute shows how Mr. Netanyahu, who faces one of the big-gun political lights in his career, serves to election in October, is being pulled in opposite directions at home and abroad.

Mr. Trump's plan calls on Mr. Netanyahu to address concerns, such as pulling back Israeli troops in Cuba, which would be unpalatable to hawkish members of his constituency, in the same time, personal pressure to make the lying on the prime minister as he had to public opinion path in the run-up to the election.

They 'swalking on a political campaign,' said Abba, who is of Israel policy at the RAND Corporation, a research group in the new band, he needs to cater to his base and condition, which he has established in the United States. Hamas: On the other hand, he doesn't want to upset President Trump.

Mr. Netanyahu attempted a similar leadership act after the United States and Iran sagged a cease-fire agreement in June, in part of Israel's history, in the same time, Mr. Netanyahu headed Mr. Trump's demand that Israel quickly be the next, while trying to entail the domestic blockade, it is another whether Mr. Trump or Mr. Netanyahu's base will hold more away as the prime minister debates here to move forward in Cuba.

More than 10 months after a cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hamas, the real fieldwork by the Trump administration last year, many Causars are living in tents and rubble, as Israel has turned full-scale reconstruction there as being an Hamas release to disarm.

Over 1,200 people have been Qodles's Israeli strikes in that period, according to the Gaza health ministry, which does not distribute between civilians and non-Iranian.

The Israeli leader appears to have made some limited concessions, like holding back on one daily phone and orders to the next. Now, in the days after Mr. Trump announced the House deal, the Israeli military continued to be in the sea to Cuba, killing at least 20 million people, including workmen and half of medical supplies, according to Palestinian officials.

On Aug. 2, the General Dabbar on Alboracal Palestinian style was the first time of the peace in the United Arab Emirates, seven on social media that Jared Azab, said Mr. Trump's son-in-law, had told him he was "working with the Israeli side to stop the attacks on Gaza."

The next day, Mr. Netanyahu, who with water officials from the Board of Peace, including Nelson by Shabtoun, a veteran Bulgarian diplomat who is the organization's high representative in Gaza.

Following the pressure, Mr. Netanyahu agreed to order the only way to halt its strikes, according to three people located on the road, and the other people to the end of the time of anonymity to discuss senior city details.

The last Israeli strike on Gaza was a work sign, said Mahmoud Hamid, who was a Gazi's member, an emergency response service under the Hamas-run in order to make the attack on Gaza. The night Board of Peace officials met with Mr. Netanyahu, it was another how long the respite in attack on the onetime would last.

"I think what we're seeing is

Netanyahu feeling his muscles intensely, while taking baby steps forward accommodating some of the administration's demands," said Nimrod Novik, a former senior Israeli official and now a fellow of the Israel Policy Forum, a New York-based research group.

But as part of the agreement with Hamas, Mr. Netanyahu would have to make further moves with a higher political cost. He has already rejected any removal of Israeli forces in Cuba before Hamas had failed.

Many Israelis are skeptical that Mr. Trump's Board of Peace can actually disarm Hamas and deserve its tunnels and weapons despite.

"That strikes me and the vast majority of Israelis as an extraordinary optimistic assumption about Hamas's cooperation," said Mr. Usman, a former director, part of the prime minister's office.

The deal also stipulates that in road first upheld its part of the truce reached last year to halt terrorism, palpitations or forced within Cuba and allow more aid into the devastated Palestinian enclave.

The timing of Mr. Trump's deal is especially difficult for Mr. Netanyahu's re-election campaign, where that his opponents have won a federal to policy.

Most surveys project that Mr. Netanyahu says was, often would win between 51 and 53 of 120 seats in the Israeli Parliament — below 50, especially required to burn a government.

A rare political party founded by a former Israeli military chief of staff regularly policy against the Netanyahu's fighting, being the largest single party in the country. The Israeli electoral state October will be the first national vote since the Hamas-led attacks are in 7, 10,000, the deadline day in 10 (with history: About 1,200 people were killed and some 200 taken hostage in the assault, prompting the devastating Israeli war in 2008).

Many Israelis hold Mr. Netanyahu responsible for the disaster. Even the prime minister's sup-

Competing demands from the U.S. and a right-wing base.

porters concede that despite his intentions to decrease Hamas at forward, the Palestinian armed group still contends parts of the Gaza Strip.

Mr. Trump's deal with Hamas has been a matter of Mr. Netanyahu's pledge to react its full surrender. The deal makes no economic drilling top military commanders in other pathways for some of the state's political and government to remain employed in the public sector.

Sixteen of Israeli troops withdrawing from Cuba could further be the most important to implement it right-wing voters that he won the war against Hamas.

"This isn't the kind of victory for any marketing all throughout the country," Novik said.

Tegetakers from the Board of Peace spent months in voting the text during rounds of talks with Hamas leaders. Clusters that are strictly stated that Hamas would not possess any weapons were dropped from later drafts, according to two officials familiar with the regulations, who upheld the condition of ananymatic resistance they were not authorized to speak publicly.

The finished agreement contains Hamas to "becommission and stow" to the U.S. weapons in a process led by a new group of U.S.-backed Palestinian terheirmen who had been killed in the 1970s or negotiated, including the time-hon of who Hamas would hand over its weapons and how Israel would withdraw from Gaza.

The U.S. has been a big place with Iran to be worked out," said Mr. Bitne, "had some elements that have already principally been worked out most in the implementation."

President Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, who lags his rivals in polls, at the White House last year.

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TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

A11

National

The New York Times

The New York Times

The New York Times

The New York Times

Tom Wolfe's 1968 book, "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test," documented Ken Kesey, center, and his freethinking friends, the Merry Praedators, on their cross-country journey in a psychedelic box.

A Final Road Trip for the 'Rosetta Stone' of a Counterculture Revolution

Kesey's Bus 'Furthur' Still Offers a Message For a New Generation

By BEATHER KNIGHT

PLEASANT HILL, Ore. — During the rolling hills outside Eugene, Ore., down a winding gravel path and inside a big barn sits a school bus built in 1939. Its once-faturing colors have faded, furred in crumbling, its windows are cracked. The only regular occupants these days are insects.

It might look like a bank of junk, but the muted inclineator splashes tell the story of one of the most easteroam periods of San Francisco history.

Sixty years ago, this bus symbolized the city's counterculture revolution, the embrace of psychedelic drugs and the live-out road, a two-year-magazine rebut for which the era is remembered.

With the autism once again facing war, polarized politics and cultural battles, Zane Kesey thinks some of that old bus magic is needed. And that is why he has agreed to send the bus, the one he helped cover in north of Day-Glo paint when he was 11 back to the city that spawned a movement.

"I would love to see it adored again," he said. "And for people to feel that pure, innocent love that came out of it."

His father, Ken Kesey, who died in 2005, had just written the novel "One Flew Over the Cuckers Nest" when he purchased the former school bus that a large Bay Area family had tricked out with both, benches and a refrigerator for road trips. Mr. Kesey and his freethinking friends, called the Merry Praedators, painted the bus in psychedelic colors, cut a sun roof into it, added a powerful sealed system and installed a balcony on top.

A sign on the back road, "Caution: Weird Load!" (down the windshield, where a bus typically displays its destination, somebody painted the misspelled word, "Furthur" And the name for the bus stack.

The praedators sat out on a cross-country trip, smoking weed, tripping on LED and spreading the gospel of opening your mind, man.

The journey was documented in Tom Wolfe's 1968 book, "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test," faded by The New York Times back then as not only "the best book on the biggest," but also "essential." The bus and its bearish drives, Neal Cassady, appeared in the Grateful Dead song "The Other One," which references "Cowboy Feat at the wheel of the bus to never ever been."

The bus became part of the landscape of San Francisco's counterculture movement. In 1967, Mr. Kesey drove it into Golden Gate Park for the Human life, its a gathering to protect a California law banning LED. The event was a precursor to the city's business of Love later that year, during which time of thousands of young, idealistic people poured into the city's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood and the park to protect the Vietnam War and promote hallucinogenic drugs and free love.

These days are long gone, and San Francisco is now known more for A.I. than 3,000, more for billionaires than bearides. But Zane Kesey aims to bring some of that old flavor back — with his dad's bus.

So later this month, it will leave the Kesey family farm in Pleasant Hill, Ore., a short drive from Eugene, for the first time since 1968. A farmed road will carry it down downtown 3 to California, over the Bay Bridge and into the city. In the dead of night, when the streets are quiet, it will trouble into Golden Gate Park and into its Hall of Flowers alongside the beautiful gardens.

There, starting Sept. 5, the bus will be on display as part of a show called "Forever Grateful, Golden Gate Park," put on by the Haight Street Art Center, which aims to protect it and showcase art and cultural artifacts from the city's counterculture movement. The exhibit will also feature Jerry Garcia's BMW, live performers, puppetry and storytelling.

With 1969-70, the center's television director, visited the farm and said that while the bus looked like a relic now, it still enabled an energy that was "magical and connective."

Begin with humor, the chairman of the center's board, called the bus "the Rosetta Stone of San Francisco's counterculture" and said he hoped that these

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The bus will travel from Oregon to San Francisco to be in a show called "Forever Grateful, Golden Gate Park" and is expected to reside in the city permanently.

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Kelly Harris, above right, is the Haight Street Art Center's executive director. She said that the bus looked like a relic, but still enabled energy that was "magical and connective."

'I would love to see it adored again.'

ZANE KESEY, on his father's bus.

who view it, including young people who have never heard of it, see parallels to today.

"There is this expectation that we will live in a world dominated by technology, dominated by capital, where everyone is expected to play their role and have very little control over their own history," he said in an interview with Mr. Kesey and his praedators had decided not to confirm and instead forged their own wild, joyful path.

"If everybody went and sat with this bus for a bit and thought about what it meant, I think they'd be happier," Mr. Mc. Nanner said.

Zane Kesey, 65, sure hopes us. He is the kind of man who offers huge to strangers, wears on-dyed shirts and talks about the bus as if it were a person with feelings.

"She's happy, you can tell," he said, noting that the cressure moan-shaped silver bumper, which was restored to its front for the journey to California, resembles a smile. "She's the find to have people talking about her, paying attention to her and all that she means."

He has never known life without the bus, he said. He remembers getting blue

paint in his hair when the praedators decorated it. And he recalls riding on its balcony as Mr. Cassady practiced driving it, touring around the hands a bit too bad.

"Did I see a magician, and the bus was just one of his tools," Mr. Kesey said. "I didn't know it was unusual. If you grew up in the circus, the circus is all you know."

His father grew up in Oregon and moved to the Bay Area for a graduate setting program at Stanford University. At the 1960s wound down, he returned to his family farm to write, teach and raise his four children, and the bus has remained there ever since.

Zane Kesey gave a tour of the farm, including the small cemetery where his father and brother, Jed, are buried. Jed Kesey died at age 19 after a van carrying the University of Oregon wrestling team plunged off a cliff. Ken Kesey died at age 40.

Beyond the cemetery, just a thicket of cross and a one-shr creek bed, in the spot where the bus sat for many years, hidden from view with blackberry vines growing over it, before it was moved into the

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farm for protection.

According to Stephanie Kesey, Zane Kesey's wife, the latest anchor Walter Cronkite once came to the farm to film a story about the bus, and his cameraman plunged through a rickety wooden bridge and into the creek.

Officials with the Smithsonian have also visited, wanting the bus but leaving instead with a plywood sign that the Merry Praedators used as a makeshift bulletin board on their bus trip and that was found covered in feathers in a chicken coop.

"A family of hours occupied the rear seat of Furthur, misfaring in a field, so Kesey decided to donate this sign instead of the bus," reads the museum's website.

Stephanie Kesey said the idea after the similar code in late October is to store the bus in a Burning Man warehouse in the East Bay while a kind-raising campaign proceeds to restore it and permanently display it in San Francisco.

"I don't think we'll ever see it come back to the farm," she said, adding that it was important for the public to view it again.

"Our need for color right now is very real," she said. "And peace and love, exploration and kindness."

Zane Kesey said his father would be a little sad that the bus is leaving the farm but thrilled that it is returning to San Francisco.

"You know San Francisco," he said. "You know your heart there."

Stephanie Kesey grew a little misty and instilled.

"I think it's going home," she said.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

From Page A1

found alongside roads in every state but Alaska, allowing law enforcement officers to see within seconds where a car might be, and where it has been. The company has contracts with 7,000 law enforcement agencies, which is 40 percent of all departments in the United States.

Other companies will license plate tracking services, but Flock, a private company valued at $9.4 billion, has become a lightning rod because of its rapid expansion, the ubiquity of its cameras, and a number of controversies involving its product.

A Texas officer used Flock's cameras to track a woman across state lines who was suspected of self-administering an abortion. Officers across the country have abused their access to Flock's cameras, including to track romantic partners, resulting in discipline and termination. Los Angeles and Dayton, Ohio, among other cities, recently suspended their contracts with Flock to prevent immigration authorities from accusing data from the cameras. Dayton received to covering the cameras with crash bags. In cities like Houston, Oakland, Calif., and Grand Junction, Colo., residents have taken matters into their own hands, with police reports and surveillance footage documenting Flock cameras being cut down, splintered with paint and even shot.

Flock's pitch is simple: It can help the police find stolen cars, locate wanted people and solve crimes. One license plate reader led to the arrest in Florida of a man who had threatened a mass-drawing in Louisiana, another helped police find the man eventually convicted in an assassination attempt against Donald J. Trump.

But as its cameras have spread, so has the opposition Americans are accustomed to surveillance cameras. They put them on their doorbells and tolerate them on street corners, offices and restaurants. What sets Flock's cameras

Many People Are Mad About Losing Their Privacy.

apart is that they are connected, creating a vast, searchable national network — often surprising residents who didn't realize their local governments had signed up for them and raising fears of Big Brother-style surveillance. And they are hard to miss once you start noticing them.

"We all want, expect and deserve privacy. The problem is that we typically cannot feel, see, or experience the loss as it is happening," said Danielle Citron, a professor of law at the University of Virginia. "Seeing those cameras is a punch in the gut — we see them and it says you have no room to just be, to go about your day feeling lost in the crowd."

As Flock built one of the nation's largest vehicle-tracking networks, Texas became a bellwether both for law enforcement's adoption of the technology and for the growing backlash. Flock started selling its services to police departments in early 2020, installing a few dozen cameras in a suburb of Houston. Six years later, 700 departments in Texas contract

with Flock. The opposition includes therein worried about government surveillance, conservatives skeptical of expanding state power and privacy-conscious citizens and lawmakers concerned about how the network could be abused.

"It's going to be an ongoing debate, probably forever," Mr. Langley. Flock's chief executive, said in an interview. "We should have this debate and we should continue to evolve our point of view as a society at what we're comfortable with and what level of safety we want."

Citizens Against Surveillance

In late May, Hannah Finan's neighborhood group chat was about about a license plate reader that had been installed on her street in Carrollton, Texas, a suburb of Dallas.

Then another camera was spotted outside the recreation center, across from the community pool.

"All of us really got the icky," Ms. Finan,

it, said.

Ms. Finan, who said she heard left politically began posting about license plate readers on Reddit groups devoted to Dallas and Carrollton and started a digital services to have the cameras removed from her community. By late July, she said collected roughly 900 signatures from employers, some of whom also spoke out against the cameras as a Carolina City Council meeting on July 19.

"I'm very much your average American. I was, but I've never organized or been really an activist in any way," said Ms. Finan, who works in human resources and has two children. "I'm not committing any crimes, but I don't want necessarily anyone. At alone governs more agencies or a private company, it have a view of where I drop off my kids, or what more is my favorite for my commute, or whether I prefer H-E-B or longer, or what house of worship I are you!"

Noticing cameras and posting about them on Reddit led a software engineer named Will Freeman to create DeFlock in 2020. He was on a road trip from the West Coast to Alabama and kept seeing cameras along the way. He decided to create a crowdsourced map to plot the devices in Huntsville, Ala., where he was doing, and the project went viral. The app has been downloaded by more than 350,000 people. Mr. Freeman said, and he can say, it has mapped 332,000 license plate readers made by Flock and other companies.

Mr. Freeman, 17, now lives in Boulder, Colo., which also has a contract with Flock. The city says its 15 cameras have led to a 34.5 percent decline in motor vehicles built and helped solve other crimes. Mr. Freeman, however, said he did not think that privacy should be sacrificed for safety. The cameras create an infra-red view for the government to track and harass crimes, he said, even if more officers aren't abusing their access.

Wanting to know when his own vehicle had been spotted, Mr. Freeman requested those records from the Boulder

Police Department, which refused to provide them. In May, he filed a lawsuit against the city, saying the cameras created an unconstitutional "warrantless surveillance dragnet." (The city declined to comment on the suit, but in legal things has said "there is no reasonable expectation of privacy on publicly owned streets and sidewalks.")

"It feels bad to always be watched and scrutinized," Mr. Freeman said.

Across Texas, the opposition to the cameras has been bipartisan. Flock's contracts have been canceled in liberal Austin as well as in Bandera, a conservative Hill Country town of about 960 people. The city said at least one of its cameras was vandalized.

In Congress, Keith Self, a Republican whose district lies north of Dallas, introduced a bill in July that would require federal law enforcement agencies to obtain a warrant before accusing or querying data collected by state and local surveillance systems, license plate readers among them.

"We have a surveillance state happening," said Mr. Self, who is also a retired Army student and former county judge. "This is not a left issue, not a right issue. It is a personal issue."

Surveillance as a Service

Mr. Langley, 20, started Flock because he was installed by how easy it was to break into car—it has implemented in Atlanta. When he asked police why they were unable to catch the thieves, Mr. Langley said he was told they needed the perpetrator license plate numbers.

Mr. Langley, an electrical engineer, teamed up with two fellow Georgia Tech graduates to create a solution: cheap-internet-connected cameras, powered by solar panels and paired with software to extract license plate numbers from photos.

When Flock was founded in 2017, it sold devices largely to homeowners' associations. But in 2020, it began working with police departments. That year, Mr. Langley said, the S.U.'s was stolen, and Flock cameras helped locate it.

Flock charges around $1,000 per camera per year, Mr. Langley said. In exchange, the company installs and maintains the cameras, provides a searchable database of every vehicle that passes through the whole land and represents open cars on a so-called hot list — like the F.B.I.'s database of stolen vehicles and license plate numbers associated with missing or wasted people. In recent years, an artificial intelligence has advanced, Flock has added the ability to search for cars based on their make, type, color, or unique details, such as 'hunger stickers or visible damage.'

Flock refused. The Flock said, "There have no technology works. After logging into the system, users must acknowledge they cannot search for license plates related to 'reproductive care' of access to the National Waterfront, D.C. (These places have expressly prohibited those searches, though a Flock spokeswoman said officers could do searches related to abortions in states only where abortion is illegal.) There is a similar warning about nine states that prohibit searching their cameras for 'immigration enforcement.'"

To perform a search, officers specify the type of crime, from animal cruelty to homicide. They then enter a license plate number or description of the vehicle, and a location, or simply go with the default: "All networks() selected." A search returns images of cars that are a match, along with exactly when they were spotted, where and on which law enforcement agency's cameras. By default, the photos the cameras take are deleted after 30 days, though departments can change how long they retain them.

If a police department wants access to other cameras across the state or the country, it has to share access to its own. Most agencies search and share information nationally.

"Criminals don't care where cities start and stop," Mr. Langley said. "You can share with no one, and we have plenty of customers who do that."

"You'll solve less crime, but that's OK," he added.

Last year, when he was asked about the spreading opposition to Flock in a video interview with Forbes, Mr. Langley said he expected groups, like the American Civil Liberties Union, that are fighting the company in court, but called citizens groups like DeFlock "nervinistic organizations" whose "primary motivation to know."

This month, Tucker Carlson, the conservative communist, said The Blaze, a far-right news satire, reached Mr. Langley's equaling a crowdsourced mapping project with Flock.

Mr. Carlson said he had only recently become aware of the value of Flock's network after visiting DeFlock, which he told The Times had not had "sacrificed." He said he was surprised such an expansive surveillance system had grown with as little public attention.

"Whether you're libertarian, conservative, blacks, progressive, everybody has an objective," said," said Chad Marlow of the A.C.I.U.

Mr. Langley has since apologized for the fact that Flock's license people become active in their local communities is broadly really good," he said.

Safety vs. Privacy

Texas opposition may be attracting attention, but it hasn't altered Flock's growth. Across the state, new cities are signing contracts faster than others are submitting the material prior. Ultimately, a spokeswoman for the Continued Law Enforcement Association of Texas, a police union that represents more than 24,000 officers.

The Flock has said, is impressive results. Some Texas police departments overcrowded stolen vehicles by the hundreds after installing the cameras, she said, and in smaller municipalities, vehicle programs have all the dangers. Despite community complaints, officials in Harris County, which operates 400 cameras, and Carrollton — which operates 67 h

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An app, DieFlock, lets users crowdsource the locations of Flock's cameras. "You [can] being paranoid! 'No, they're actually everywhere,'" said Philip, right.

Hannah Foust started a petition to remove license plate readers from her community in Carrollton, Texas. Opposition cuts across partisan lines.

Flock, led by Garrett Langley, offers police departments a searchable database of vehicles. There is sparse research on Flock's efficacy in fighting crime.

crime plate readers, including 19 from Flock -- are not changing their minds about the cameras.

"If a supplemental investigative tool helps our officers solve crimes more effectively, provides value to our residents, and can be managed responsibly, then it's something we'll continue to consider," said Carrollton's mayor, Steve Babick.

Independent research on the cameras' efficacy is sparse. A 2015 study found that Flock's cameras increased officers' case clearance rates for 9 percent -- but 404 Media, among others, criticized the findings because Flock had partnered with the researchers and chose the agencies that were part of the study.

States are starting to create rules for how police can use the technology. To address the concern about sugar officers abusing the system, 15 states now have laws requiring audits of license plate reader systems to detect misuse by officers, according to a legislation teacher created by the Policing Project at the New York University School of Law.

Texas is not among them. Mr. Srinivasan said that the risk of Texas officers' misusing the system was no greater than

with the other databases they have access to, and that Flock provides a bag of every search, who conducted it and why.

Being able to search all the cars on the road across the country is certainly convenient for authorities, but Barry Friedman, a law professor and faculty director of the Policing Project, argues that creating a vast database of Americans' movements is not constitutional.

"This is indiscriminate data collection, not targeting specific crimes," Mr. Friedman said. "The reason we have a Fourth Amendment is that they didn't think the government should just be able to go after anybody even if they did nothing wrong."

Curt's have thus far disagreed with that reading, but have signaled that as the technology expands, that could change. In one case, in which residents need Norfolk, Va., for installing 172 Flock cameras, a federal judge ruled that it comes plate readers might one day become so ubiquitous that their use amounts to an unconstitutional dragnet search, but "not today."

"I don't think judges understand the country is now blanketed with these

things and they're all interconnected," said the Thamers of the National Association of Creativity's official Lawyers.

The DieFlock map allows people to see where cameras are positioned along their regular driving routes, and it has been a "really valuable tool" for privacy groups and lawyers arguing against the spread of these cameras, Mr. Thaxter said. Her volunteers can do only so much to develop the spread of the surveillance team.

Philip, the DieFlock contributor from the Dallas suburbs, estimates he has mapped around 200 cameras in his community, a figure he called "both a lot and not a lot."

He reports radios on cellphone towers for a living, so he is "always looking around at subcontractors." On his short comment to work, he estimates he passes nine Flock cameras.

Policing cameras on a map is his form of protest. He has little interest in attending city council meetings, nor in destroying cars.

"It's kind of a hydro situation," he said. "You drop down one, and 20 more take its place."

Mandani and Amazon

In High-Stakes Battle Over Delivery Workers

By PATRICK MUGERHAN

On the streets of New York City, thousands of workers hardie to deliver nearly one billion packages a year. Now a high-stakes battle that could force Amazon and other big delivery companies to take full responsibility for those workers has reached a turning point.

Major Johnna Mandani is throwing his support behind the union-backed legislation that is at the core of that battle. On Monday, Mr. Mandani announced that he backed the Delivery Protection Act, a measure pending before the City Council that is aimed at regulating the "last-mile" operations of Amazon, FedEx and other distribution companies. It would require them to hire delivery work, no rather than relying on contractors.

"Corporations like Amazon build billion-dollar business made by insulating themselves from accountability through a system of cooperative subcontracting," Mr. Mandani said in a statement. He called the Council bill "common-sense regulation that protects delivery workers, safeguards the communities where these facilities operate and ensures that the corporations benefiting from workers' labor are responsible for the consequences of their business practices."

The campaign to regulate the last-mile operations is playing out in a city in which consumers are unbridled with delivery to their discovery, often within hours of placing an order online. Global distribution companies are ensuring "a using contractor to provide the labor needed to get packages from their distribution networks to customers. That model allows the companies to avoid regulations regarding minimum pay and benefits that would apply if they employed those workers, supporters of the measure argue."

The bill's opponents -- including Amazon -- counter that the measure would drive up the costs of delivery to consumers while slowing the arrival of packages. And they were that it could force Amazon to move its distribution hubs out of the city to evade the new rules, eliminating thousands of local jobs.

Amazon has marshaled a coalition of business groups, including chambers of commerce and the Real Estate Board of New York, to oppose the legislation. Union officials estimate that Amazon has spent more than $5 million on all opposition campaign that includes television ads. A study commissioned by an Amazon-funded group found that the regulations could increase the cost of delivery by as much as $3.20 per package, or $664 annually per household.

"We're committed to creating good jobs, supporting our thousands of employees and local small business partners in New York City, and providing fast, reliable delivery for New Yorkers," said Kelly A. Nantel, a spoken woman for Amazon. "But as written, this legislation would directly undermine that commitment -- threatening the small businesses that deliver to customers, putting the jobs of more than 5,000 of their employees at risk and having an in-consider relocating delivery operations outside of the city."

If the legislation passes and Mr. Mandani signs it, New York could become the first city in the United States to regulate these last-mile operations, according to the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, which has been lobbying for the bill. The delivery workers in New York must at about $20 an hour, and, Amazon said, average close to $10 an hour. The Teamsters reached a deal with an Amazon contractor in California to pay about $30 an hour.

"We're in a new era of politics in the five boroughs, one where workers and their advocates are in the driver's seat," said Thomas Gessaldi, the president of Teamsters Auto Council II.

Eric Bates, an assistant professor of labor studies at Rutgers University, said that the bill would be "a great fight for the administration to pick" because it pits "young Black and brown working men who feature against old Bears," the billionaire headed of

Amazon.

Mr. Bates, who studies union-effointing efforts, said that by supporting low-paid delivery workers against one of the nation's biggest employers, Mr. Mandani is demonstrating his willingness to "speed political capital for workers beyond "just showing up at the picket box."

Mr. Mandani, who was elected with the backing of the Democratic Socialists of America, has spoken at several rallies of unionized workers and walked picket lines with striking nurses and diffractoverships. But the delivery protection bill could be the first major test of his willingness to take on big corporate interests on behalf of low-paid workers.

The bill, sponsored by Tiffany Cribbs, is unendorseman from Queens, has drawn more than 30 sponsors.

Jamaann Williams, the public advocate, testified at a hearing of the Council's Committee on Consumer and Worker Protection in April and said the measure could help to ensure that delivery work isn't rights to organize are protected.

"Companies that best unions and skin' labor laws like Amazon will no longer be able to take behind subcontractors and will be held liable for any and all violations," Mr. Williams said.

Luc Bess, 27, who has driven Amazon runs for better four years, works from a depot in Queens that the Teamsters organized last year. He said that he delivered as many as 400 packages a day. But he said that when he had

The mayor backs 'last mile' regulation to benefit drivers.

asked for a lighter load during a heat wave or after a movement, the contractor he works for has told him that Amazon wouldn't do too it. The contractor which Mr. Bates identified as his employer, DNA Logistics, could not be reached for comment. Amazon did not address Mr. Bates's allegation specifically but said that the company regularly adjusted routes for inclement weather.

Some Amazon contractors said that the city could avoid upheating delivery workers more than helping them.

Rudy Catanes, who owns companies that deliver all the city for Amazon and FedEx, said that although his employees were uniforms bearing the names of those brands, those companies did not decide where he hired and fired and promoted.

"It's very easy to say it's workers against big corporations and that Amazon is the big tool well here," Mr. Catanes said. But he said the city was full of small businesses like his that are key to the distribution industry.

Mr. Catanes's company, Cazar Logistics, is a member of the New York Delivery Coalition, which is led by Amazon. Amazon also funded a group called Five Borough Jobs Campaign, which commissioned a study by the consulting firm AKBP that calculated the potential consequences of the bill for the city's economy. The study said that the bill "would destabilize the city's delivery companies" and suggested that its impact would fall disproportionately on lower-income communities.

The consulting firm estimated that 83 percent of the "last-mile facility" workers lived in boroughs other than Manhattan and that about 80 percent of them were minorities.

"I believe what's at stake is thousands of local jobs," said Christian Chan, who owns a thurlow company that uses cargo taken to deliver about 5,000 packages a day in Manhattan for Amazon. She said that her company, Highgate Logistics, had about 175 workers making a move for an hour and "pintry of applicators."

Her message to the Council: "You're betting that Amazon is going to require these people directly. I'll take the other side of that bet."

Mayor Zolevan Mandani backed a bill that would make distribution like Amazon hire delivery workers, not rely on contractors.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

Election

Pro-Israel Group Weighs New Effort to Stop El-Sayed in Michigan

By JENNIFER MISHNA

and THEODORE KOLESTER

The American Israel Public Affairs Committee has said since that it is considering a huge financial campaign to support the Republican Senate to move to the Michigan general election. Has left, after 9:30am to happen one of the primary venues on Tuesday.

AIPAC's super PAC spent $12 million on an unconventional 60m in-house Representative Haley Stevens over Dr. Abdul El-Sayedi, a television critic of Israel, during the state's Democratic primary.

After Dr. El-Sayedi's victory the group is unheard and now appears willing to put with it in percent to be tens of millions of dollars behind Mike Rogers, the Republican, as some of AIPAC's major teachers are urging, according to a half days people who have been in the office.

In a statement, AIPAC suggests that it supports a major election in the general election without having not specific plans. The chairman of the committee's committee that wears report Dr. El-Sayedi and his radical anti-Israel agenda in November, said Henry Koska, a spokeswoman for the

In an interview, Patrick Durron, a spokesman for United Democracy Project, AIPAC's main super PAC, said an official decision had been made to move spending in the race. The organization had about $60 million on hand at the end of June, according to Federal Election Commission filings.

Backing a Republican in a competitive general election — especially in a crucial swing state —

would be an extraordinary shift for AIPAC. The organization has long considered itself bipartisan and began spending as federal elections only in 2022.

Still, many AIPAC supporters consider Dr. El-Sayed to be a threat: He made opposition to the next a consequence of his campaign and has repeatedly said that he would vote to cut off funding for the Jewish state.

"The days when we are told in what up and be nice are over — that's not what is going to happen here," said Sam Markovitz, the political director of the Republican Jewish Coalition, a national organization with several AIPAC donors on its board. "We are not going to be bullied, we are not going to be deadened. We are going to handle them and we are going to do what we need to win."

"What rather be required with alive than loved and dead," he added.

In his victory with Wednesday, Dr. El-Sayed began to reach out to Jewish voters even if he continued to criticize AIPAC's involvement in the primary. "I'm not my source and brothers of the Jewish faith, so you light at all, or we light at all. I think this is more that we are not intimate to your safety — to Jewish safety — in the same consideration that I have to the safety of my own daughter," he said.

Democratic and Republican operations in touch with the organization said primarily they expected AIPAC-affiliated groups to break from their traditional process—an spend millions for the Rogers in November. Six people who spoke with AIPAC leadership

before the primary said they felt the association with the strong depression that AIPAC planned to spend heavily against Dr. El-Sayed, who is threatened to the general election.

Mr. Rogers has repeatedly called himself a steadfast support of Israel.

The American-Israel professional-saw AIPAC's spending during the Democratic primary in contention with the AIPAC's major leaders in general to be getting in the public and was using AIPAC's involvement as a culprit with which to attack Mr. Stevens.

But AIPAC leaders were accustomed to private conversations about their expenses for against Dr. El-Sayedi, according to several people in touch with the organization. The committee now as always likely to be close.

In the end, Dr. El-Sayedi won his just a narrow plurality of the vote. The decades, AIPAC has organized a number of political and political politics for American politicians on both sides of the state. But a new paradigm is emerging. Backing Israel's new means is liability to the American-Israel public affairs. The recent poll showed that nearly half of Michigan Democrats had a party to a party in the state, compared to just 12 persons who think of it favorably. With critics of Israel winning Democratic primaries in such years in New York, Cal. Sen. John J. McClelland, who has had a long time to likely to take the most disgrunt love of the Jewish state once its founding.

AIPAC's United Democracy Project, as well as Sen. before, has more where it spent so much money.

AIPAC's $12 million office credit

AIPAC's $32 million office credit not denied Dr. Abdul El-Sayedi.

In the three election cycles AIPAC has participated in so far. It has gotten involved in only one general election year that was set at a Democrat and a Republican, in that state, United Democracy Project spent roughly $1.2 million against Representative Summer Lee of Pittsburgh, who nearly developed her Republican opponent.

AIPAC has also attained supporting Susan Collins, the Republican senator from Maine, that fell but is unlikely to get involved in both her race and the Michigan race, according to video of the group. On Wednesday evening, the group chose to seat largely, duskward, $1.2 million in spending in a California congressional race between two Democrats.

The Michigan Senate primary was not the first race where

AIPAC's spending became an issue in the election. In an Illinois House Democracy primary this year, several AIPAC's affiliates were AIPAC spent nearly $4.4 million on support Louis Price, a state owner for her Daniel Rios, the mayor of Evanston, criticized Ms. Free to bankrupt her own support from the organization. Mr. Rios, whom, however, had has frequent to Israel, was the primary in the safety Democratic seat and made it clear for will push for change in U.S.-Israel policy if elected to Congress.

In Michigan, beyond by post-drawing late considerably ahead in the final days of the primary race, Dr. El-Sayedi practically spent AIPAC to spend against him in the fall.

"AIPAC, if you're listening, learn your money, come back and learn

it again in the general," he said. "I've happy to have your money for you, and then we can get onto the business of generating and making whether or not our foreign policy ought to be dictated to us by the interests of a foreign government."

AIPAC's increasingly comfortable talking has risks like the use it is weighing in Michigan.

Jeremy Brice, Inc. (president of Israel), a more liberal hearing pro-Israel group that has repeatedly criticized AIPAC, said that if the group's super PAC directly supported Mr. Rogers, it would

amount to "political submersion." Henry Aldine that they are spending is deepening the problem that anyone who cares about Israel should want to resolve, not seldom, or said, "It's not read the room and not see this moment in the United States — it makes me angry and sad."

Rice Winter, a three-time chairman who was Republican Party, has donated $125,000 to United Democracy Project during this year. The $125,000 total AIPAC should spend for Mr. Rogers, who has no numbers a friend, he now reasons.

"First of all, because I am a Re-electionist, I am not. "Honestly, I don't need another voice that says Israel should be defeated and some of the other things that democratic evolution have said should be left."

Mr. Winter said he resented that many of AIPAC's critics have successfully turned the organization into a blueprint one. "There are people that are supporting all kind of causes," he said. "What's wrong with that?"

AIPAC Is Spending Big on American Elections While Barely Mentioning Israel

This article is by Jennifer Mishna, Matt Zilke and Martin González Gómez.

Is less than five years, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee has become one of the biggest spenders in American elections, including the eleveners in congressional years across the country?

Most so first involvement in elections, the amount of money aIPAC-affiliated political action sometimes have spent on campaign advertising and outreach in voters has more than doubled, from $28.1 million to $67.2 million, with much of it spent in Democratic groups.

In Michigan's Democratic Senate primary race, AIPAC spent more than $30 million promoting Representative Haley Stevens on the election. The American-Israel public district, according to the Federal Election Commission. Dr. El-Sayed, who ran a design anti-Israel campaign, made the group's involvement a key step in the criticism of Ms. Stevens's candidacy. He won last week's primary.

The spending — in Michigan and across the country — makes a significant shift in the economic, which he decides was a bipartisan lobbying organization because of a different political position. The Israel sending members of Congress to Israel, But, alarmed by what it saw as a rising shift of anti-Israel sentiment from Democratic to group quickly became a major player in federal elections.

In 2022, AIPAC created a super PAC that has spent more money on TV, radio and digital ads in federal elections over the past three election cycles than any other special interest group nor shared in a political party, according to a New York Times publisher of data on a friend by Adhepact, a media tracking firm. AIPAC's rapid growth in spending, both through its super PAC and other new affiliated organizations, makes clear the significant the issue of Israel has become in American politics — but also how complicated.

Some of the campaign advertisements produced for AIPAC are aimed at supporting candidates for group vote on pro-Israel. Others are designed to defeat candidates for group vote on the list of only with six public agenda.

But one factor seems there: At most most mention Israel. Between April 2022 and June 2022, the first election cycle of the 100 TV and digital ads in American elections, according to A. Dixon analysis. But only one of these ads

AIPAC Spending in Primaries, by Party

1st Amendment 2nd Amendment

2022 $27.2 million

2024 $40.5 million

2026 $0.13 million

THE NEW YORK TIMES

AIPAC Election Spending

other to Israel.

The ads financed by AIPAC-related groups have most commonly focused on issues that publicize a group or bigger primaries — including abortion rights and the economy — even though they were specifically intended to boost candidates who support to Israel. As a result, also one of the other political groups, has at times allowed AIPAC to obscure its involvement in campaigns.

When AIPAC's supporters moved to Israel here super PAC called United Democracy Project, in 2020, they were more than 50 million campaigns and the growing number of candidates who were critical of U.S. support for Israel. After the license attacks on Israel on Oct. 2, 2022, the House then voted to United Democracy Project upheld, helping it to raise up its political efforts. So far the primary elections this year it has not spent on the super PAC's funding by the A.I. and cryptocurrency industries, two other powerful groups, on campaign advertising.

Much of AIPAC's members through the United Democracy Project and other smaller political action committees, has been spent in Democratic primaries. Because it were itself as bipartisan, the group has rarely spent money in general election races where it would be forced to pick between a Democrat and Republican.

"Our goal is to elect the largest bipartisan pro-Israel majority and Patrick Durron, a spokesman for the United Democracy Project.

The two most mention of the last by spending so much in primaries, AIPAC has attracted attention to itself and U.S.-Israel policy, said Brendan Glantz, director of insights on "spectacularly, democratic campaign" spending. "Whether or not they are trying to hide behind the content of the ads,

in running out who is behind the money," Mr. Glantz said.

In the past three election cycles, AIPAC's primary issues lead to its efforts, helping to elect its members of Congress considered allies. It has placed some of its largest less yet on several races in the state, including in Michigan, Illinois and Maryland.

In all, AIPAC-affiliated groups have spent more than $67 million this year, In Michigan, United Democratic groups and other more than $30 million supporting Ms. Stevens's Daniel had and more than $30 million attacking Dr. El-Sayed, through ads and even sat in each, according to R.C.C. filings.

The Michigan race was the first time United Democracy Project has spent in a Senate contest, but with $60 million in cash on hand, it may not be the last.

When the group was formed in 2022, it spent more money regarding candidates from state officials and politicians it viewed as its opportunity. That changed in 2024, when it spent nearly $25 million in successful efforts to defeat Rogers' National Convention of New York and Representative Carl Rudin of Missouri, who were made some critics of Israel. (The Times has adjusted pro-2020 dollar big. The $25 million of this year's big group has spent more money on supporting candidates than op-2019, but it is still so far.)

And while AIPAC spent exclusively on Democratic primaries on its first year, it began to focus on Republican primaries in 2024, but it was not only a half sharply mentioned American support for Israel. Representatives Thomas Maurer of Kentucky and Bob Good of Virginia, former Republican primary, and the Senate director of Indiana and challenges Brendan Herrera of Texas, AIPAC helped defeat all of them except Mr. Maurer.

This year, one of the group's most important roles was the senior of Mr. Maurer, a seven-term congressman who has called for funding to elect to Israel.

Overall, AIPAC has reached many significant victories. In first clear in 2022, when the group spent nearly $1 million supporting candidates for a few successful bid to meet Representative Andy Levin, a former newspaper president who elects itself himself as a Daniel but was critical of Israel policies. The group has also been seen among its top targets, including the most recent race in Michigan.

In New Jersey this year, United Democracy Project spent more than $2 million in a special election trying to defeat Tom Maloney, a former U.S.-Israel's pro-Israel primary, and the headly supportive of Israel but has called for more candidates on American aid. Mr. Maloney also has a Democratic primary, but the former was a candidate with positions even further from AIPAC's Avalike Mejia, a former aide to Senator Rorine Sanders, who has accused Israel of genocide. Ms. Maloney went on to win the state election. Still, supporters of AIPAC expand that their money had been end-spect, that Mr. Maloney was, they said, far-rights and the most recent election's top eight efforts prefer because he was a more senior Democrat with strong ties to House leadership.

$142 Million Spent on Congressional Elections Since 2022

	CHAIRCATE	ELEVEN	OUTSCT	APPC-PLICING	APPC'S EFFORT
DEMOCRATS WERE APEC SUPPORTED	Haley Stevens (Daniels)	2026 primary	Mech.	$10,406,735.26	●
	Adrian Beard	2026 primary	Mech.	18,174,413.18	●
TOTAL SPENT BID, THE, 1996-00	George LeDoux	2024 primary	N.Y.	18,187,693.72.4	●
	Michael DeSantis-Divili	2026 primary	N.Y.	18,000,000.00	●
—	Sarah Elliott	2024 primary	Md.	14,425,385.94	●
	Judd Johnson	2026 primary	Mt.	26,306,592.99	●
—	Donna Miller	2026 primary	N.Y.	24,579,242.71	●
	Mary Stevens (House)	2023 primary	Mech.	13,163,572.33.8	●
—	Melissa Bean	2026 primary	N.	83,885,897.61	●
	Melissa Bell	2026 primary	Me.	11,919,533.18	●
—	Adam Hollier	2022 primary	Mech.	13,819,245.16	●
	Valerie Kaufner	2022 primary	N.C.	4,63,468,611.78	●
—	Don Davis	2022 primary	N.C.	62,862,777.41	●
	Doné Faye	2022 primary	Md.	4,249,330.70	●
—	Jimmy Garner	2024 general	Calif.	34,179,507.09	●
	Sharon Kean	2022 primary	N.Y.	3,816,874.84	●
—	Woody Bell	2026 primary	Me.	1,889,635.10	●
	Russ Aitken	2022 general	Calif.	1,000,418.02	●
—	Henry Curlin	2022 primary runoff	Texas	28,983,408.04	●
	James Weirle	2026 primary	Calif.	67,518,884.64	●
—	Rudina Himmels	2026 primary	N.	9,559,935.00	●
	Donna Brown	2022 primary	Ohio	13,000,517.34	●
—	Shahra Hawkins	2024 primary	Mech.	13,655,626.40	●

DEMOCRATS WERE APEC OFFERED	Abby E. Gopal (Daniels)	2026 primary	Mech.	$20,180,904.20	●
	Jennie Bowman	2024 primary	N.Y.	19,923,412,404.46	●
—	Carl Rudin	2024 primary	Me.	16,526,413.50	●
	Mary Bell	2026 primary	Calif.	14,879,803.25	●
—	Donna Edwards	2022 primary	Md.	14,749,300.01	●
	Davidine Gossell	2024 primary	Ore.	5,54,265,598.10	●
—	Carl Rudin	2026 primary	Me.	62,457,791.53	●
	Mary Weirle	2026 primary	Mech.	13,565,500.00	●
—	Tom Maloney	2026 special primary	N.J.	12,326,617.40	●
	Barbara Lee	2026 primary	Me.	12,322,978,866.60	●
—	Jim Tharman	2022 primary	Mech.	13,807,833.52	●
	Jesse L. Cramton	2022 primary runoff	Texas	28,41,457,000.52	●
—	Daniel Biss	2026 primary	N.	61,426,376.66	●
	Barbara Lee	2026 general	Ph.	12,65,405,055.86	●
—	Katherine M. Roughazakis	2026 primary	N.	61,183,677.52	●
	Jaredi Ahmad	2026 primary	N.	4,866,878.17	●
—	David Kim	2024 general	Calif.	14,8610,334.80	●
	Gloria Garcia	2022 primary	Calif.	42,977,967.61	●
—	Kirai Collins	2024 primary	N.	7,5512,498.50	●
	Andy Lauer	2022 primary	Mech.	13,894,605.44	●
—	John Smith	2026 primary	N.Y.	8,817,625.82	●
	Nina Turner	2022 primary	Ohio	11,5223,790.10	●
—	Jason Friedman	2026 primary	N.	9,59,748.29	●
REPUBLICAN WERE APEC SUPPORTED	Ed Gideon	2026 primary	Ky.	4,6779,318.62	●
REPUBLICANS WERE APEC OFFERED	Thomas Massie	2026 primary	Ky.	4,5179,300.00	●
	John Hapstetter	2024 primary	Ky.	8,61,602,753.15	●
TOTAL SPENT MADE AT 47.7%	Brenda H. Morris	2024 primary runoff	Texas	28,13,218,915.18	●
	Thomas Massie	2024 general	Ky.	4,578,826.44	●
—	Thomas Massie	2026 primary	Ky.	4,5236,762.86	●
	Bob Good	2024 primary	Ky.	5,1140,002.06	●

Note: The 2020 New Jersey Democratic primary in a special election was a mixed result. APPC spent trying to successfully oppose Tom MacInaute, who had the less, but the winning candidates was a more critical of Japan. * denotes new news

AIPAC's Priorities

Total spending in the 2022, 2024 and 2026 election cycles

General elections

$4.65 million

Primary races $130 million

THE NEW YORK TIMES

Based for July Spending in years in each of spending in support in operation in a candidate from Jan 2022 through July 31, 2024, and June 2024, is 1.5 million. $4,625,647.71 Source: https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/msm0229

To evaluate the success of APPC's inaction report in years, The Texas Act and the United States Public Affairs Commission have been supported in support of support. The Texas considered APPC in many candidates if that candidate won 2024. The report was published in "AIPAC's report" by the National Center for the Study of the American People's Republic of the United States. "AIPAC's report" is a series of interviews and

digital ads. The Times received notice that year-gathering is indicated, a media hearing from the Texas Board of Directors has been circulated, in substance, to substantially similar sections of APPC. (By: Michael McGonagher, 2022, and 2024, letter figures for relation)

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A

AIS

Election

Democrat Face Fight Between Moderates And Left Once Again

By LORENTIN JOHNSON

and TIM BALE

ST PAUL, Minn. — The next major step in the fight between moderate and progressive Democrats will come in Minnesota, where a competitive Senate primary on Tuesday has been shaped by the Trump administration's deadly immigration crackdown and a fraud scandal that resided the Democratic can state government.

The race between Representative August Craig, a moderate who represents a purple suburban district in Congress, and Reggie Dunn, a former Senator, is the first lieutenant governor, will offer the Senate one of all-whargy steps in the Democratic Party as it strives to flip the Senate.

The Congress will face the Senate one of the most expensive Senate primaries in state history, context a week after Dr. Abdul El-Sayed died out a victory in Michigan's state of the giving a 88 in progress.

Like the race, the Minnesota primary reflects the identity crisis that has shaken the party since it was the first to enter those and the Senate in 2016.

After amending a Republican incumbent in 2016, Ms. Craig, 54, has constructed, held on to her first senate, and the senate's first and by wedding significant influence over agriculture policy. That record, she says, makes her the strongest for to keep the rest of the state's state in the finish in Democratic hands.

Ms. Flanagan, 46, who is backed by Ms. Smith and by progressive leaders like Senator Bernie Sanderson, 47, received the student on positions that appeal to the party's District Chair, including cutting military aid to Israel and establishing the single-genre health care system known as Medicare for all. She has killed herself as the

candidate, and many, sweeping change over instrumentation.

"It's been a very tense race, and this one will bring for people," said Jeff Huston, a Democratic strategist in Minnesota who is key in the contest. "People probably will take a little while to get their friendships back together after this is over."

Republican have led many statewide race in Minnesota since 2006, having failed to put forward candidates with broad appeal in a closely divided state. The winner of the Democratic primary is one of the four as senator, well-educated senators, and the state's Tallys, a veteran sports broadcaster who has staked out relatively moderate positions on issues like elective.

Ms. Craig has been more have argued that the congresswoman held the a table about the Democratic to November. "Electrically is probably the No. 1 factor," said Joe Snyder, the Democrat strategist in Minnesota who is not involved in the race but more. Ms. Craig as the better general-educator candidate.

Ms. Flanagan has, emboldened by Dr. El-Sayed's victory in Michigan, not an opportunity to expand their reach in the Midwest. They say the Democratic establishment is a major part of the state's nation with the political system and their desire for far-reaching change. Representative Dillon, a Minnesota progressive senator, is expected to be a said she saw little difference between Dr. El-Sayed's winning popular message and Ms. Flanagan's.

"We need to bring hope back to the politics," Ms. Dillon said. "There's been too many people in Washington that got lost in the politics of Washington and forgot the hope that they carry — the hopes and dreams of the people that need them there."

Immigration enforcement has been a dominant issue in the Democratic primary after the Trump administration's wintertime crackdown in Minnesota, which did in many meetings of migrants, indeed presents and the deaths of non-American citizens due to the civil agents.

Ms. Craig faced victories for leaving been the only Minnesota Democrat to vote in favor of the

The Minnesota primary reflects the identity crisis shaking the party since 2024.

Lakes Riley Act, the first piece of legislation that Mr. Trump signed last on last year. The bill gave Immigration and Customs Enforcement broader authority to detain immigration charged with certain crimes.

At the height of the crackdown in Minnesota, Ms. Craig initially defended her vote while loosening the deportation push it helped him. But in March, she backrooked, saying she reported the vote.

While neither candidate has endorsed the movement calling to rebuild it? In people, both say they would push for a major eventual of the immigration agency.

"Whatever word you want to use, it can't exist like this anymore," Ms. Flanagan said in an interview. "We have to try it'll start and start with."

Ms. Craig called the conduct of immigration campaign in Minnesota "crazy horrific," and said she wanted to bar agents from coming outside and force them to see body cameras. "What my community is looking at for immigration authorities just to use proper law enforcement techniques," she said in an interview.

While Ms. Craig has been on the defensive over her immigration record, Ms. Flanagan has faced scrutiny for a scandal involving fraud in state-run safety out programs.

Minneapolis serves the political spectrum have faulted Gov. Tim Walz for halting to build stronger safeguards in recent years as fraudsters stale face to the confidence of dollars from programs designed to lend low-income children, trust visitors with autism and help people at risk of bronchoconstriction.

State fraud in the No. 1 issue in Minnesota voters go to the polls in November," Ms. Craig said. "Partly or not, the lieutenant governor has a unique vulnerability as our insurance house candidate because she's been helping run the state for the last night today."

Asked if she took responsibility, Ms. Flanagan said the governor had been leading the response and had taken decision action

over the past year. "He said the back stage with him and he's shot that work," she said, while an knowledge, the Minnesota "have the right to be angry about fraud."

U.S. military aid is Israel is a major point of divergence between the candidates.

Ms. Flanagan has avoided Ms. Craig for voting against a street tax on health that leaves the state at all of the $3.3 billion in military aid transactions and that Washington provides to Israel annually, feasty half of those Democrats backed the measure.

"American taxpayer dollars should not be used to bar the best with violence and suffering that's being experienced down," said Ms. Flanagan, who has said she believes the actions of the Israeli government in State have the legal definition of a genocide.

Ms. Craig has called the deluge over that term antedipal. But she said a wholesale reset in the U.S. relationship with Israel was overdue.

"I think the best thing that could happen for U.S. Israel relations is for Benjamin Netanyahu to lose his most destitute," she said, adding that such a turning point would make it easier to re-evaluate once. "It's insurance going forward."

The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, the center's leading pro-Israel group, has provided significant support to Ms. Craig's past races, in a sign of how very Democratic have become

From for left: Lt. Gov. Peggy Flanagan of Minnesota, a Democratic candidate for U.S. Senate who is progressive, and Rep. Roger Craig, Democrat of Minnesota, who is a moderate, will face each other in a competitive primary on Tuesday.

Long-term of linked to the group Ms. Craig said she had asked AIFHC not to fund her Senate campaign directly. AIFHC, though, has helped her Senate led to a party by the Senate.

Obseyes over AIFHC are part of a broader debate in the race about the role that outside groups are playing. Ms. Flanagan calls her campaign for the "newest the enemy," chilling Ms. Craig for accepting money from corporate and industry groups that do not need to disclose their leaders.

Mrs. Craig, the former state's safest party more money than Ms. Flanagan, said the lieutenant governor's slogan rang before because she had also benefited from the state's state money raised by the Democratic Lieutenant Governor's Association PAC.

While both favor higher campaign finance regulations, Ms. Craig said that it would be useful to report support from outside groups while Republican cuts advantage of permissive rules.

"If we want to stop Donald Trump, we have to win elections, and we can't win elections by trying our hand behind our back," Ms. Craig said.

At the midterm elections been, many Democrats are debating whether Senator Chuck Schumer, the Democratic industry leader, should pass the home. Ms. Craig's budget short of saying she would push for his matter, but she said Senate Democrats had failed to turn in a president many on-as an libertarian and impatient.

"Frankly, I'm tired of a bigger focus on the return than on democracy in the United States Senate," Ms. Craig said.

Ms. Flanagan was unequivocal, having Democrats needed a new Senate leader.

"People want big, bold change," she said. "They are sick of nibbling around the edges."

Inside the Left's Playbook For Scoring Election Wins

The article is by Robin Browning, The Bulls and New Statesans.

In late March, several thousand angry demonstrators gathered at a park in Milwaukee for a "No Ringer" protest in demonsess President Trump's administration. For the crowded field of Democrats running for governor of Wisconsin, the event was the perfect chance to engage fired-up primary voters.

Only one campaign appeared to show up in significant numbers. Numerous were:

A weather w/ chilly that attend—would see their own breath, a small army of volunteers wearing Hemp Vialers set up a tent and handed them to the crowd. The hearth is fused, they gathered to depart along with the thirteenth of organizing; collybose numbers and small addresses, to be used later to recruit volunteers and turn out voters.

Ms. Hemp, a democratic socialist and chef, is now the front-runner elected of the Democratic primary on Tuesday, instituting and answering better-funded crisis in the party establishment, including a past lieutenant governor and the current one. Both of them exited the last election weeks.

"From the start, there was an exhibition at the organizing," said Harry Vialers, a senior advisor to Ms. Hemp's campaign. "I got a lot of noise on my car."

Across the country this summer, the young, disinterested socialists and their allies have scored victories over traditional Democrats with superior messaging and organizing tactics that have terrified the many of the demonsess. The crowd there is been through gobs of cash and left them asking. How do you grow up keep getting away with him? The more example came last week, the new election week, the executive Major Stevens lost in a Senate primary in Dr. Abdul El-Sayed, a preliminary former public health official, arguing that the upswing.

The left's recent victories make clear what has worked: face-to-face campaigning, personal-nationalistic free supporters and an open-ended, and the new election stage. The campaigns themselves say the events in the future. They have built old-fashioned ground games, borrowing the anger and the power of the people. The crowd of volunteers, who is turn from general the moments protest movement with open arms.

Editor Browning reported from Sun Francisco, The Bulls from the trial, and Sun Stevens from Madison, Wis.

These campaigns have also offered specific, half-messages that universal health care is a right. Like the Democratic Party in minutes to corporate reserves and that the United States is complete in the deaths of thousands in Gains, One of the most important components, they say, has been face-to-face interventions in a voters, even as the campaigns have embraced smart targeting on social media and run some traditional ways.

Low-wing campaigns also argued that some of their more mainstream primary opponents had erred by spending most of their resources on advertising, while halting many voters who direct outreach to try crafting positions that appeal to them.

In Wisconsin, Ms. Hemp's campaign has recruited about 1200 volunteers, knocked on hundreds of thousands of doors and hosted roughly 500 community events. Her most significant remaining result, David Crowley, the Milwaukee County executive, held a fraction of that number.

"It's too thing to just vote for a candidate that you like," said Melon Kline, a democratic socialist who named an incumbent House Democrat in Denver. "It's another to be anetaqued by their message that you want to play a part in bringing about the world that is your campaigning. . . ."

The approach has worked in many primaries. But an unequivocal question hears, particularly in such battlegrounds as the American Red Cross, where the left's ideology could be a tougher self. Can progressors replicate their successes against Republicans in the fall?

Inspired by Mamdani

Issue leaders of the Democratic Socialism of America said they have a strong sense of power. Mamdani's mayoral campaign in New York, U.S.A. candidates said they borrowed the organizing prowess and decentralized structures that are reserved to many volunteers to become invested.

"It allows for quick leadership development, learning all the organizing skills that one could use in the world," said the U.S.A. leader in Philadelphia and campaign advisor for Chris Bialik, a socialist who was a competitive House primary in May.

The campaign was held in U.S.A. members, he said. Many Bialik volunteers were selected community members or belonged to other left-wing groups such as the Working Families Party.

The campaign of Francesca Hemp, a democratic socialist running for governor of Wisconsin, has recruited about 7,000 volunteers.

In Philadelphia, the U.S.A. cut older, right for Mr. Bialik's social media accounts. In 90s, Kline's race in Colorado, the group's national organization made $50,000 with its a series of virtual photo inside alongside House PMs; the progressive influencer to the end, the campaign brought in 6,500 volunteers who knocked on more than $12,000 doors. Ms. Kline said.

"The U.S.A.'s voice and in an irony of our campaigns is just the sheer power and discipline of their organizing," she said. "Which one played elevated our field game."

In Michigan, the primary campaign in the 21-day job—went over a U.S.A. member but drawn many of the group's positions—started with their people in a deep crisis crossing the state, and ended with nearly 12,000 volunteers, said James Gauber, the campaign field director.

The first campaign to determine by Ms. Stevens, Dr. El-Sayed's campaign focused on its ground game. Mr. Gauber said: That meant making sure of an investment in TV ads in leaders.

The campaign encouraged volunteers to teach on the El-Sayed's priorities—Medicare for all and getting money out of politics—to make sure that customers should offer their own money of why they suggested him and not feel beholden to stay on script.

"It was very important to us that people spoke from a place of

heart and values," he said.

Ms. Hemp's operation has expanded a similar strategy, noting these thousands of phone numbers and email addresses to recruit volunteers for please books and comments.

On Friday in Madison, several doors Hemp supporters proposed for two-hour door-bonding shifts in a steady drizzle, lacking off a five-step quick before the primary. The weekend of the volunteers knocked in 11,000 doors in Madison, but planned to double that number this time, part of an effort to reach a half million doors by the end of the primary campaign.

Dillon Sheridan, an organizer, encouraged volunteers to offer testimonials, and leader rhetoric, about why their suggested Ms. Hemp, and what there is small negativity about her rivals.

"In the age of smartphones, open-overs, all of that, it is scientific study proven that the best way to get people to be involved is to go back engaged, is to talk to them how to face an their doorway," Mr. Sheridan said.

They also had fun, inviting their supporters to know parties and game nights with bluegrass a Dugman and Laterra.

A Torrent of Cash

The left's success has come despite a filmed thumb-speaking in most of the high-profile victories

by progressors who summer, the more traditional Democratic campaign of outside groups outspent them.

In June, national Democrats in period $2.4 million into the race against Ms. Kline through a group of super PACs, after it became clear that a longtime Democratic congresswoman, Diana DeGette, was at risk of losing.

That same month, allाथ of their traumatized African Republic and influential chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Council, Roodef his primary agent, a democratic socialist in New York and the U.S. government's strategy.

And in Michigan, Ms. Stevens, a pro-based Democrat, got an astonishing chance of $15 million from groups including the American Institute of Public Health, a committee devarling Dr. El-Sayed's roughly $8 million in outside spending.

None of it worked. All three established favoritism lost to their progressors. "I challenged," she DeGette lost to Ms. Kline, a 20-year-old who made opposition to the campaign that found a more piece of for campaign, by nearly 1 pervianage party.

Some veteran Democratic campaigns acknowledged how of all the two of the two of the two have been, but said candidates did not have to be hit to be left to get on similar enthusiasm.

"Often are more alarmed, because of their belief that Dr. El-

Sayed and Ms. Hemp's for left position could cause them to lose available rents against Republican in battleground states.

"Having a good field campaign isn't going to carry you over in the general election if you're or not of position with what the state of Wisconsin wants in a governor," said Eddie Vale, a spokesman for Mr. Crowley's campaign.

Already, the U.S.P. is painting commercial already as "common care" and too radical for the electorate.

Plenty of campaigns without a strong torrent operation have been made. While candidates with strong ground games but other weaknesses have lost, Many of the progressive candidates who have won this year have also reacted traditionally if advertising, albeit on insane budgets than their rivals.

But the real price this year has been from regular people, says, Henry D'Rourbe, a former member of the House and past candidate for Senate and governor in Texas who had a similar grass-roots ground game.

"It's a very remarkable up a door because somebody paid you to do it, there's just no real force behind the road," D'Rourbe said.

When someone being of their own edition of the "biggest" and there's especially in the summer heat — "you, the ones, will never forget that encounter."

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A18

The 47th President

Trump Signs Executive Order Calling for Fewer Childhood Vaccinations

Push to Stop Requiring Protections Against Hepatitis, Flu and Rotavirus

By STEPHEN MUNDELL, and DAVE BLUM For the first time in two than a year, President Trump on Monday issued an executive order that calls for American children to be routinely immunized against lower diseases, so they are in countries like Denmark.

The latest version reinforces more explicitly than its production as a revised schedule that recommends immunizing children against it diseases, rather than the 17 that are currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The order also "directs the attorney general to advance legal challenges against states that reduce children's rights to religious and medical vaccination exemptions," Mr. Trump said.

The Congress has倡议 filling the law regarding the executive order, Mr. Trump said he was instructed in part by concerns over whether vaccines were held in autoes, even if it was not a medical or have found on link between the two.

It is unclear whether the order has any legal power. Vaccine recommendations in the United States have been made by the United experts who advise the C.D.C. and are then adopted by the agency's director. But only states can require vaccination for children under 18.

The administration's previous attempt at implementing a short or vaccination schedule was already those state by a federal government. The state's state is continuing lawsuits, brought by medical organizations that argued that the administration did not follow greater provision and that it made it necessary and continued decisions. A judge agreed with that state, saying the government had not been able to do so, and the board practice the law traditionally underpinned vaccine recommendations.

"This is not likely to address the court's concern, and is not a le-

gally right way to define necessary requirements about vaccine recommendations. At 5:30 AM," said Jacks Briss, an expert on vaccine policy and law at the University of California College of the Law, said Francisco.

The president cannot legally circumvent the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, which is empowered by Congress to make vaccine recommendations, she said, attempts to continue to continue or likely to run into the same legal challenges. Mr. Briss said.

"There's no science behind these recommendations," said Dr. Michael A. McHale, who heads the Center for Disease Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. "It's all about ideology."

Mr. Trump's plan to do the administration's enduring interest in the theory that some childhood vaccines may cause more harm than good, at least for some children. The state's state is the right to do so many shots. It also seemingly contradicts experts like the White House has urged Health Security Act. Robert F. Kennedy, 41, to talk his most away from vaccines, said toward diet and other issues less likely to alienate voters in the modern.

Mr. Trump championed some vaccines during the signing of the "go-pilot vaccine" intruding. But he also suggested there were outstanding questions about other dates, and suggested children should receive their dates in five separate visits for vaccines rather than getting them all to be sure they. He said that he had taken his own children to get vaccinated in separate visits.

Mr. Kennedy said officials planned to deliver on the order rather than the 90 days directed by Mr. Trump. It is unclear what those steps might look like. The order is not expected to affect insurance coverage of the shots.

The primary effect will be to

"Nothing bad can happen," President Trump said. But doctors predict more children will get sick.

see more doubt and confusion about vaccines among parents, said Dr. Andrew Kacine, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

The executive order emphasizes parental concern, adding that federal programs should support "vaccinated parental choice." Protectivists are already required by law to provide information about the benefits and risks of vaccines before administering the shots. And states require vaccination for school because decades of research has shown that such mandates are an effective way to protect communities from vaccine-preventable diseases.

"Nothing bad can happen from what we're doing," Mr. Trump said at the signing.

But Dr. Arnold Aizda, an infection-disease physician and some scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said that there was "interest" in the issue, over order, because ignoring evidence-based vaccine recommendations would lead to more children getting sick.

The executive order recommends splitting the vaccines for

measles, mumps and rubella into individual shots, rather than administering them in combination at it over the case. "Hepatitis, the disease is a serious disease, trying to quite lethal, and separately, it looks like they are not at all lethal, but just very effective," Mr. Trump claimed on Monday.

The decision to be evident is that the M.M.R. also is lethal, and many studies of evidence for its overall safety. The combination that has been associated with a small risk of cancer of a child are also as a cover, but that type of seizure does not cause long-term harm, according to the C.D.C.

Individual vaccines are available in some countries, but would need to be tested in the United States before they can be administered.

Mr. Trump compared the volume of shots given to children to "the size of a bottle of soda" and "vets of vaccine." But more shots contain no more than one-tenth of a teaspoon.

The order also urges officials to explore alternatives to aluminum, which has been added to vaccines for decades to strengthen the

body's immune response. Mr. Kennedy has frequently questioned the safety of aluminum in an additive, despite studies show that it is safe.

Mr. Kennedy also said that American children get 12 - or even up to 16 - shots. In fact, even including vaccines that are not immune to the disease, they have not as a yearly fix date, children may receive an assay as it does by age.

Mr. Kennedy also said the vaccine schedule may be responsible for the "dramatic rise" in autoes in the country. Action, diagnostic have indeed increased, to one in 10 children currently from roughly 10 to 20 years old, with the many of the rise in antigen diagnosis is likely accounted for by increased public awareness and the expansion of the diagnosis to include public cases, actions experts say.

The new executive order echoes the truncated vaccine schedule introduced by Mr. Kennedy and his appointees in January 15 recommends that all children be immunized against only 11 diseases, including measles, mumps, rubella, polio and cholinergic,

aligning the schedule with that of Immunity.

But it only recommends other vaccines, including dates against respiratory symptoms, and hepatitis A and hepatitis B, for certain high-risk groups. "The order does not specify what constitutes high risk, but the revised schedule recommended is January and June the criteria," for those not at risk, the new order recommends that some shots be given only when accompanied by "shared Serious risks" and "convenience and costs" that are not all parents. Those shots include vaccines against Covid-19, the flu, rotavirus, meningococcal disease, hepatitis A and hepatitis B.

Mr. Trump said the order "highly aligns the United States with other advanced and developed issues around the world." Although the schedule includes CDC Research, in a country with a population the size of "diseases" and universal health care, "diseases" are recommendable fewer shots and many of the ill-engaged peers, including other Nordic nations. With the United States is an in-higher level, the number of vaccinations is recommended, in schedule to closely aligned with those of Canada, Britain, Australia and Germany.

In the public data, the government's attempts to speed the childhood vaccine schedule, the American Academy of Pediatrics has enclosed for new vaccination schedules, and the decision to ensure their children receive the previously recommended choice.

At the signing, Stephen Miller, a top aide to Mr. Trump, also chased the order that he stated the childhood vaccination schedule, saying "Nobody has studied it. Nobody's looked at it. Nobody's thought about it." But the vaccine advisory committee of the C.D.C. typically reviewed data on new shots over a period of months or even years before issuing recommendations on which shots were being developed.

All of the shots in the schedule have been closely studied. Dr. Racine said, adding, "the timing of them and the grouping of them has also been very well studied."

F.D.A. Pursues Strictly Oversight of Food Ingredients

By ALICE CALLAHAN

and DAVE BLUM

The Trump administration proposes a new rule on the basis that would require food companies to unfile government when they are adding new ingredients to their products, moving to close a long time. The new rule is to allow the safety experts as a major weakness in the regulation of the statistics food supply.

For decades, food and beverage companies have been able to introduce new ingredients without review by the Food and Drug Administration, by asserting that they are "generally recognized as safe," a designation known as GBAX. While the policy was initially drafted to allow companies to forgo review for common ingredients like family, soda and flour, companies have also used it to specify structure at least a thousand of the food products. For the next years, a series of surveys, a series and flavorings — into the U.S. food supply, with little evidence that they are safe.

Under the proposed rule, which might increase if Robert F. Kennedy is announced at an event on Monday or the Department of Health and Human Services, companies must tell the F.D.A. about new ingredients that they plan to use and submit data showing that the ingredients are safe. In the said they would also create a "formulated review process" for ingredients already on the market, requiring companies to tell the products to have been used, and they are already using and how they are using them.

"We don't even know exactly how many chemicals are in the market," said the F.D.A. spokesman. "We find industry continues to develop novel compounds and chemical combinations that do not exist in nature." Mr. Kennedy said, "We have been able to use the same, starting many of these substances, and that makes rigorous science and transparency safety review more more important."

Food policy experts welcomed the effort to bolster the oversight of the F.D.A. to reduce the risk of the Wild West for them for long enough," said Jennifer Pomerone, an associate professor of public health policy and management at the F.D.A.

But the experts continued that the proposed new rule may do little to improve the healthfulness of the food supply. It would not seem to be a good way to reduce the risk of the safety data on many substances they are already using in foods, for example. By law, companies would also still be allowed to decide for themselves if they be

Under a proposal announced by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., food companies would tell regulators about new ingredients they plan to use and submit data showing they are safe.

lived on ingredient was safe and it began using it to their products before the F.D.A. could be used. However, said Eric Dunnaman, an agency's acting commissioner.

"What we're doing is requiring companies that utilize this policy way to satisfy us if they are not a minimum to that we have greater visibility into those conclusions and so that consumers have awareness," Mr. Dunnaman said in a similar report to on Monday morning.

The amounting the proposed rule, which has not yet been finalized, Mr. Kennedy is acting on the

An agency seeks to close a loophole, but if it unclear if it has enough resources.

promise to close the loophole, which he has said had been "in the past few days" for food industry. Mr. Kennedy has argued that ingredients which are probably under GBAX have contributed to a time load environment in the United States and to rising rates of obesity and other chronic diseases.

Second requiring companies to use the F.D.A. to make plans to add an ingredient through GBAX, the proposal rule would also increase a public economy of GBAX in problems already in the food supply, but the F.D.A. could not easily monitor the safety of those substances. Mr. Dunnaman said, He did not elaborate on how the agency would do that.

Dr. Pomerone said the "couldn't

be more thrilled" that the F.D.A. was moved to close the GBAX loophole, adding that the proposed rule would mean that consumers could not get well ingredients without the F.D.A.'s knowledge and oversight.

But the proposal would not address many common ingredients used in all hygienic and foods — in particular, refined carbohydrates like high-fructose corn syrup, maltodextrin, and other low-calorie care (verificating to the country's high levels of obesity). Type of additives and other chronic diseases, Dr. David Kessler, a former F.D.A. commissioner, said:

"The proposed GBAX actions do not tackle the root causes of chronic disease in this country," said Dr. Kessler, who performed the F.D.A. last year to review the decades-old GBAX status of those ingredients.

Experts also said they wanted to use the F.D.A. moderator the type of safety data to collect, report, store, and store the food products, and the F.D.A. had been able to produce a product that is not a good way to be used. The F.D.A. could not be able to produce a product that is not a good way to be used. The F.D.A. could not be able to produce a product that is not a good way to be used. The F.D.A. could not be able to produce a product that is not a good way to be used.

But Dr. Pomerone said it is already the companies' responsibility to ensure that their ingredients are safe, so the companies should

not feel that submitting evidence is an added burden. "The food industry needs to come around that they're finally getting regulated," she said.

As for the F.D.A.'s ability to introduce the safety of every new food ingredient in a timely manner, that was a concern, especially after the Trump administration's cuts to the agency, said Tom Nishow, the director of a nonprofit, co-council on food products. "We report on chemical safety, improving the oversight of food ingredients would take 'a look of a lot more staff than this administration knows willing to commit to the issue,' he said."

At the Monday event, Mr. Kennedy also urged Congress to pass legislation that he said would give the F.D.A. "additional tools that it needs to keep pace with a changing food supply and make sure American people." Dr. Pomerone said the agency needed more funding to conduct food safety evaluations, and she suggested that Congress established the remaining food companies to contribute toward financing the F.D.A.'s work.

Mr. Kennedy also announced on Monday that the government had taken another step toward improving the nation's health. Explaining a long-awaited federal definition of all hygienic and foods, a specific policy, and a public health that have been linked to a wide range of health conditions, including obesity. Type 2 diabetes, depression and heart disease, blood pressure, more people's sickness for definition on Monday, but instead said only that it had been finalized, without providing details about what it would include.

Trump Describes Democrats In Campaigns as 'Hibatties'

By JOLAN KANNO-VOUNDA

WASHINGTON — President Trump on Monday described Democratic candidates in the midterm elections as "[f]audience, adding to falsexophobic statements recently made by Republican elected officials."

Mr. Trump also addressed another trade against people of Somali descent, saying, "They're not the primary force to aptitude they have nothing going, and they're telling us how to get our country."

Asked about the candidates' representing the "Democracy," Party in the midterm elections, Mr. Trump told reporters in the Oval Office that "we have [f]audience being elected all over the place. We have been together in communism, [f]audience."

When House officials did not respond to requests for comment about Mr. Trump's comments on the ruling, she said a June the comments could alienate Muslims in the United States.

Mr. President his role in politics, Mr. Trump has called Muslims and the government, with any anger among his backers and building support for stenographic restrictions. Mr. Trump's response to the Muslims from the United States,

But in the past few months, anti-Brazilian leaders has become so increasingly normalized in the state of the Republican Party, particularly after the election victories of prominent Muslim politicians, including Joshua Mianilani in the New York City mayoral (see and Dr. John E. Gannett in the Michigan Senate primary last week.

Mr. Trump has declined to condemn such rhetoric, and, as was the case on Monday, has leaned into it.

Mr. Trump's comments about people of Somali descent were his latest remarks targeting the community.

Mr. President, he said that Somali interpreters were "pathogen," and that he did not want them in the United States.

Last month, when president named the new Soviet media at Somali kindergarten in Minnesota, along with the comments, "Every girl is in a hight ... in kindergarten."

In the same form, he's not, as we example, Somalia," Mr. Trump said on Monday. "They come in and then they tell us how to, how they' Constitution, how our Decks, where it 'integrated', 'is now in action. It doesn't work that way.'"

Corrections

INTERNATIONAL

An article on Aug. 4 about the C.A. severity confidential of Liby, took force with the goal of creating finance among the United States. The report stated that the data where the C.A. is not a relatively small statute in Liby during the Cold War. The agency had a press note during the latter years of the Cold War, even in its diplomats' outpost in Havana, a so-called in-breast section that operated under the protection of the Swiss government during in 1971. It was not in the United States Embassy in Havana, which was closed for the last 2,000 days.

An article on Sunday about the nearly 10,000 People underwives have been added to World War I British casualty records misnamed the name of a People under who was added to the records. His name was Oscar Hagle, on Rose Hagle.

ARTS

An article on Friday about Andrew Winkler, the recent collections manager at The Met Clusters, misidentified the men-

ber of the Rockefeller family who acquired the medieval art collections of George Grey Barnard in 1815. Was John D. Rockefeller Jr., not his father, John D.

An article on Saturday about state outside shown at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe interpelled the given name of the producer behind "Finding," "Holly Brackler" and "Winkler City" (he is Francisco Moody, not Francous.

FOOD

An article on Aug. 3 about the people and restaurants in Pretextures, Mass., that helped shape a history. Brazilian on-stated the type of state liberated Michigan kept so a bit. It was a quibug, but a sea cider.

Every car operated during the press run whenever possible, as more errors noted here may not have appeared in all subjects.

Contact the Newsroom

To contact the newsroom regarding correction requests, please email correction@ncbsnews.com.

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A17

The 47th President

Along with police officers, armed troops are now patrolling residential areas like Dupont Circle.

How Washington Has Changed In Trump's Yearlong 'Takeover'

From Page A1

awarded for building 'apartment-style lodging units' for the troops.

The president's announcement of the Guard's deployment came pro days after Edward Carranza, who was a member of the Department of Government Efficiency, was assaulted in what the authorities said was an attempted unpacking. Two teenagers later plodded again. The police continued to probation in connection with the attack.

Citing the assault when he announced he was sending in troops, Mr. Trump declared that he was going 'to receive our nation's capital from crime, bloodshed, bedlam and squake'.

The impact is certain neighborhood in Washington was inscrutable.

From the moment the sun went down there was a caravan of police officers railing through, said Marcel Carranza, 42, a filmmaker and community activist in Ward 2, a working man and in a party Public area.

Federal agents fanned out into neighborhood gatherings and apartment complexes, he said, confronting people about blood car windows or open containers of alcohol. 'That essentially has been the pattern they've maintained for the whole year,' he said.

The White House insists that the deep drops in bronchitis, carjacking and robbery are proof that the operation has been a success. 'President Trump has transferred our nation's capital from a crime-ridden city into a safe and beautiful haven,' said Lauren Ilio, a White House spokeswoman.

However, the developments have come as violent crime is in precipitate decline nationwide, falling to record how in cities with no federal intervention. And in

Washington, violent crime was already resulting the lowest levels in decade before Mr. Trump's in-gram announcement.

The Anson, Marcel Bowser, of ten reminds Washington's 700,000 residents of the city's particular vulnerability to the federal government's whims. As a federal welfare created by the Constitution, Washington has had the time to elect its own leaders only since 1872, when Congress passed the Home Rule Act, and even that are thorny in highly circumscribed.

Given the Trump administration's leverage, and the possibility that a Republican Congress could propel home rule, the mayor has emphasized how a partnership could be beneficial, in a statement

Failing violent crime in the district follows a nationwide pattern.

Monday, Ms. Bowser said that by working with the federal forces, 'we preserved our autonomy; we saved lives by keeping our focus on public safety.'

But she said that, ultimately, 'we demonstrated practically and politically that there was no need for federal emergency action'.

Certainly, many residents want none of it.

The 'takeover' of the police that Mr. Trump announced was quickly challenged in start, and ultimately limited to temporarily letting the administration direct the local police to assist with immigration enforcement and clearing homeless people's ranks.

Federal immigration agents sustained hundreds of people suspected of being underassessed,

sometimes in aggressive conversations on 'most daytime arrests. In December, a judge barred them from making arrests without warrants or probable cause, reducing the number of deprivates'.

The National Guard, the operator's most visible component, is almost certainly the most expensive. According to data that the Trump administration gave Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, the deployment is expected to cost $1.4 billion from October 2026 until the end of the president's term — for top of the hundreds of millions of dollars that have already been spent.

The effectiveness of the deployment is less straightforward.

A June report from the Volcanist Center, a concern thank tank, found that the Guard had probably contributed to a decrease in the city's crime-ridden federal theft, for example, in down more than 50 percent year to date. But the deployment seemed to have barely any effect on violent crime, which includes murder, robbery and assaults with weapons. Robbery and handover, incidental at roughly the same rate before and after the Guard arrived. They year, violent crimes in Washington are slightly above this point in 2023, almost up mostly by a large increase in assaults.

The Guard members have become crime victims themselves. In November, two were shot, one of these later dying from been months, in an attack that the authorities said was carried out by an Afghan immigration who had driven from Washington from.

The biggest impact on many Washingtonians may seem from the surge into the system of hundreds of officers from the Drug Enforcement Administration: the Director of Alcohol, Tobacco, Fire

Representative: Robert E. Hicks (left) and John H. Hicks (right)

The duplex error of over 4,000 National Guard troops is in last until President Trump leaves office.

crime and Explosives; and other agencies. These agents work mostly alongside members of the Metropolitan Police Department, often following local police cars inasmuch as 1/15 with intent to show and abscond license plates.

While local police officers largely respond to 851 calls and emergencies, the federal agents often patrol areas by car and on foot in the company of one or more M.P.D. officers, according to the White House, members of the federal tank force, which it says includes local agencies, have made 16,000 arrests, though it was unclear how differently these cases would have been handled without the federal intervention.

'It feels like they are looking to find somebody doing something,' said Cory Dardner, an elected neighborhood leader in Columbia Heights, where, he said, federal agents drive up and down the

streets, detailing people for infractions like public intoxication of drug use.

The type of and that the neighbors want nuisances like public drug sales to be addressed, but not by armed agents with no local accountability. 'Many of my neighbors will not report crimes to the M.P.D.,' Mr. Dardner said, 'because they don't know who will come with them.'

Washington has always been heavily policed, with thousands of officers and agents from the U.S. Park Police, the Capitol Police and the Secret Service in addition to the roughly 1,000 officers of the Metropolitan Police. But the federal law enforcement personnel, once concentrated in the city once per and armed federal installations, has spread into residential neighborhoods.

Daraja Carroll, a defense lawyer in Washington, said some of

their others are choosing to serve out short jail sentences rather than agree to be released on pro-rata. 'I'm not going to see you just eyes and ears everywhere.'

'I couldn't imagine being an outperienced misuse and trying to fool free,' she said. 'You don't know what's a special police officer, even at the grocery store.'

It is unclear what lies in store for the operation in Washington, which Mr. Trump insists has been nothing but a success. In June, the president said that if Jameson Lewis George, a democratic socialist who likened the federal presence to a military occupation, won the city's Democratic mayoral primary, he might push to get rid of home rule crampons.

'Maybe we take back Washington out and run it on a federal basis,' he said. 'We won't put up with it.' Days later she was in a landslide.

Trump Bullish About A.I. and New Data Centers Despite Pervasive Unease

From Page A1

rity. But, he acknowledged, the White House seemed to be less interested in preparing for the possible downsides.

'It's a personal vulnerability for the economy,' he said, 'and one would be making and making how it develops.'

Mr. Trump may yet prove correct in its glowing assessment about A.I. But his support has consumed nearly 40% the more measured data from restaurants and policymakers across the political spectrum. Even among those who see A.I. as the most significant technological leap in human history, there is a more than an inception of the magnitude rarely occurs without consequence — and that Washington needs to be more prepared for every scenario.

There is one way that A.I. can make workers significantly more productive and that the resulting gains could add significantly to global growth. Changing the vision and the tomorrow wealth that may accompany it, the largest technology companies, known as the 'hypervalent,' could spend so much as $10 billion on A.I. infrastructure in the coming years, according to JP Morgan. That could require companies like OpenAI and Anthropic to generate significantly more revenue than they do now.

There is a delightful Mr. Trump, who has sought to his second term to increase construction and manufacturing. But there is also great detail among many experts that have been known in going to be frictionless.

As the Stanford Digital Economy Lab, economists including U.S. Bangladesh, a widely cited study of the 1,000,000,000 U.S. national trying to measure those early effects, is its latest update, published in July, the think tank

reported a significant quick in spending on A.I. infrastructure, but, he now, 'no decision evidence' of a transformation to the labor force and micro industries.

Mr. Byronbloom said that the capabilities of A.I. would improve roughly in the coming years, which would have 'preferred implications on our economy, both in good ways but also potentially with some real risks.' The very concern prompted Mr. Byronbloom to help organize about 200 more represented, a report that was a close a joint statement calling on government to 'build the income, guardians and institutions needed to meet A.I.' is a direction that complements humans and benefits to them.

Recognizing some of the risks, the White House has weak roadbed a long-awaited plan to monitor some A.I. models to ensure that they do not create security vulnerabilities. Developed in coordination with companies including Google, Microsoft and OpenAI, it represented a departure from the administration's hands-off approach toward the new technology.

Otherwise, though, the White House has tried to position itself primarily as a cheerleader for A.I.

'The narrative for so long since my time government, prior to President Trump, has been so far more effective than the negative of this technology. Like of course people are skeptical,' Michael Krutman, the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, said on a publication of by Peter D. Dunnstein, a technology, which was published last week.

During the interview, Mr. Krutman, related attending an A.I. safety seminar in the United Kingdom two years ago, which he said had focused on 'what could go

A data center project in El Paso. The president has called them, 'Miracle Machines,' even as they are receiving public purchase.

wrong.' That, he added, helped to crystallize the current problem facing the industry — and the administration estimated in that way a more 'passive' take about A.I. with his public.

'The only thing they're hearing from politicians and from people

An administration positioning itself as a tech cheerleader.

is industry is that, oh, there's going to be a bunch of job losses, and everything is dangerous,' he said, adding, 'I think these are the things that get people worked up to a standard's surprise on that the P.E. is bad.'

The Trump administration has struck its most bullish note on data centers, the growth of which has been a flashpoint in elections

around the country.

Many cities and states have started to question the economic value of the facilities, which only support few long-term jobs once construction concludes, and the power, water and other resources they demand. The concern has prompted some policymakers to half data center construction, including in New York, where Con-Kathy Murch, a Democrat, was acted the first statewide moratorium in July.

In response, Mr. Trump lashed out on social media, demanding a reversal to the policy, the president said the facilities would generate more real jobs that amounted to 'LIQUID GOULD,' adding that data centers 'are considered WITH for the States and Communities that are lucky enough to get them'.

The White House did not respond to a request for comment. The New York Times has used OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news content related to A.I. systems.

The two companies have denied the end's claims.

In an attempt to jump down one of mounting concerns, Mr. Trump did bother an agreement this year with technology companies that included those companies paying for needed electricity upgrades. But the past, which is relatively same as the president appeared to doubt openly whether there was even an energy cost problem to begin with.

'They need some P.E. help,' he said at a March event, referring to the image of data centers. 'Because people think that if a data center goes in there, electricity prices are going to go up, and that's not happening, it's not going to happen.'

Lennmakers in 15 states have considered such bans targeting data centers over the past year, according to the National Underwriters of State Legislatures, which updated its count in July. Last week, Con-Kathy Beshear of Kentucky, a Democrat, signed a directive issued to protect residents from electricity price taken from data centers, while Con-Cong debert of Texas, a Republican, required new projects to submit to an energy public.

Mr. Trump still appeared to criticize some of the norms. Studying not Texas, he told PexelSheet News in an interview published Friday that its actions were a 'mistake,' adding of data centers, 'to could be bigger than all.'

The full-threatest endorsement of data centers has increasingly put the president on the opposite side of his fellow conservatives, who have long been skeptical of the nation's largest technology companies.

Among the most vocal is the name First, an advocacy group led by Amy Korman, a former 'It's Party leader who helped to organize

size the Stop the Steal rally on Facebook after the 2023 president had election. Ms. Korman said she used A.I. every day and was not wholly opposed to it. But, she said, policymakers at all levels of government had failed to chart the future of the technology in a way that accounted for the public's business.

'People are very, very upset,' she said. 'They feel like there's a discussion.' They feel like no one is speaking for them.'

Ms. Korman said her group helped to organize a day of process against data centers in 42 states last month. She denied that the nation's largest technology companies had 'bought their way' into Mr. Trump's inner circle and had adopted some of its options in the issue.

'I think the people around him definitely know of the business,' she said, 'and I just hope that he understands what people are thinking and feeling.'

But the purchase has hardly appeared to cycle the public optimism of the administration. Speaking weeks after the career 'sacred' protest, Korman Bussett, a director of the White House National Economic Council, said, 'might to downplay some of the national negotiable around A.I. and data centers.'

'I don't think anyone should be warned that a data center is going to be plagued on top of them,' he said five Businesses is just July, adding that the deals between tech companies and local communities around the facilities have been as geriatric 'pretty generously.'

'If you take a sleepy term that hasn't really even much in the last 20, 30 years, and just a data center there,' Mr. Bussett later added, 'then there are going to be a whole bunch of happy residents in that town.'

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THE NEW YORK TIMES: NATIONAL TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

Mark Frost, and his platoon of delivery drivers, receiving the new issues of The Chronicle. People running off with stacks of the newspaper is common enough that he quizzes them on their intentions.

Here's a Man-Bites-Dog Story: A Newspaper That's Doing Well

From Page A1

news project at Northwestern University. Large newspaper chains, the ones prone to constellation, can't be bothered with them.

She's bother is a key factor in that resilience. Mr. Frost has spent decades on treating readers face to face, often while replenishing newspaper racks. He thanks everyone he sees taking a copy of The Chronicle. "Just think of the impact of that," Mr. Frost said.

"I would say the majority of outreach I get from engaged citizens are from people who say they read something is The Chronicle," said Diana Palmer, the mayor of Glenn Falls, advertisers report a similar dynamic.

All that earned influence hangs in peril. The Chronicle has repeatedly geared the line between a going concern and going under. The pandemic just about mark the whole enterprise, forcing a round of layoffs that, along with a resignation, reduced the staff to hear from IT.

As the newspaper's advertisers have bounced back, so has The Chronicle, which now has a staff of seven employees. A high school graduation issue in June, 24-40 pages, was the heeled on six years. "Somehow," Mr. Frost said, "we've managed to slip through time."

46 Years a Booster

If there is one thing Mark Frost's Chronicle will not countenance, it is an affront to the civic pride of Glenn Falls, a city of roughly 15,000 that earned the number "Hometown, U.S.A." from Look magazine in the 1940s.

When the 2013 film "12 Years a Slave" premiered to critical acclaim, Mr. Frost looked it for failing to highlight the role Glenn Falls published in the mid-1960s, at a rate of 12 cents per column inch.

After bepeacchting among journalism gigs in Baltimore and at The Post-Star, the article establishment daily newspaper, Mr. Frost, then in his late 20s, founded The Chronicle in 1969 with an investment of $1,700.

A hometown sensibility took root right away. In a regular feature titled "School Views," The Chronicle asked children to respond to a question. The first was whether they liked school. One third greater wrote in: "Mark did you like school when you were nine years old?" "School Views" outlaws, liable Palmer, a recent graduate of Glenn Falls High School and daughter of the mayor, remembers being "super excited" when the paper published the snippet in a monetary school. "We would get The Chronicle and cut out the story and put it on the fridge," Ms. Palmer recalled.

Schools are a mainstay of The Chronicle's journalism along with love-hall meetings, local business happenings and, of course, parking. The front page of a recent issue featured the decision of

A homeown sensibility took root right away. In a regular feature titled "School Views," The Chronicle asked children to respond to a question. The first was whether they liked school. One third greater wrote in: "Mark did you like school when you were nine years old?"

"School Views" outlaws, liable Palmer, a recent graduate of Glenn Falls High School and daughter of the mayor, remembers being "super excited" when the paper published the snippet in a monetary school. "We would get The Chronicle and cut out the story and put it on the fridge," Ms. Palmer recalled.

Kirsten Noyes contributed research.

Glenn Falls, N.Y., earned the member "Hometown, U.S.A." from Look magazine in the 1940s. At right, Stuart Hutchinson, the production manager at the Sun Community News and Printing Process, which prints The Chronicle in Elizabethtown, N.Y., added more black ink to the press as he inspected the paper.

From left: Advertisements waiting for placement in an issue of The Chronicle, and Zander Frost, the 34-year-old son of Mr. Frost, working at his desk. During the Covid shutdown when the newspaper saw its staff winnowed to only four employees, Zander threw himself into whatever needed to be done.

Fisch Paper mill, a cornerstone of the region's economy, to stop making its own pulp and an article on staffing at the county jail. Each edition carries a quick factor too, with a bulletin on the latest curfewinder attack or front-page feature on backfacing a dent.

Another standby is natny coverage of the openings of restaurants, bars and shops. The Chronicle's boomerism also applies to The Chronicle, which is big on anniversary editions in which no advertisers pay to congratulate The Chronicle.

"Our newspaper is more interested in who's making progress than who's screwing up," Mr. Frost wrote in 2020.

Sometimes these cullairs overlap. In June 2005, a summer intern named Jimmy Vinblind covered a press event inaugurating the "Canyon Blazer" roller coaster at a country amusement park. After some promotional charter from officials, reporters climbed aboard the roller coaster. It stalled just before reaching the track's heights. "The ride broke on the first run with all the TV cameras going," recalled Mr. Vinblind, who moved on to a career covering New York State politics. "The guy next to me has a panic attack and they had to literally walk on off."

The teen got full-page treatment — but on page 22.

Mr. Frost isn't above indulging a publisher's privilege or two. When F.W.

Webb Company, a plumbing supply giant, sought to locate a facility near his house, he published a letter opposing the project — from his wife and assistant publisher, Sandra Hutchinson. In his weekly column, Mr. Frost acknowledged this as an "ethical question" that he left "for your consideration."

The Chronicle formula isn't for everyone. Ken Tingley, a former top editor at The Post-Star, said he believed The Chronicle was too cozy with no advertisers and lacked credibility. Mr. Frost said that the paper had lost advertisers on account of its coverage and that businesses paid for ads because they worked.

Stephen Thornton, a local native and longtime journalist, encouraged Mr. Frost to weigh in with journalists solidarity after The Post-Star reported that a man at a 2020 pro-Trump rally had pointed a ray gun at one of its reporters and used threatening language. He was disappointed when Mr. Frost did not.

Mr. Frost said, "It was not something I chose to invest in."

In his editorializing, Mr. Frost appears intent upon frustrating any attempts to categorize his political views. Before the November 2024 presidential election, for instance, Mr. Frost declined to enforce either Kamala Harris or Donald Trump and tried to steer a middle route through the division national discourse. "At least everyone agrees on the big issue: Our

democracy itself is in danger," he wrote. "But who poses the bigger threat?"

"If you were to ask me what is Mark's political affiliation, I just don't know," said Elise Stefanik, the six-term Republican representative whose district includes Glenn Falls. "It is not straight party line." Mr. Frost did repeatedly endorse Ms. Stefanik in her congressional runs, but not before backing a Green Party candidate in her 2014 campaign.

A Precarious Business Model

The paper's advertisers are local businesses, and each week, their ads are distributed in 10,000 dead-iron copies and a digital replica version that gets blunted out to 20,000 email recipients. "People come on Thursdays to sit and eat a hot dog and read The Chronicle," said Alexandra Lauren Moore, who helps manage her family's outcry New Way Lunch.

Through the years, Mr. Frost has turned down overtures to replicate The Chronicle in other communities. "My commitment is here," he said, noting that his "ambition is to build — keep building one great newspaper." Mr. Frost has done every job at the paper except for bookkeeping and I.T.

But Mr. Frost is 75 years old, meaning that his ambition will soon be someone else's responsibility. It's here that newspapers in The Chronicle's niche quite of-

ten stumble, Mr. Metzger of Northwestern University said.

"No one's really stepping up to take over or buy" the papers, he said.

The Chronicle may just be an exception. Zander Frost — the 34-year-old son of Mark Frost and Mr. Hutchinson — saw his career at a Los Angeles comedy group hit pause during the Covid shutdown, So he returced to his hometown, where he witnessed his nearly 75-year-old father driving solo on an exhausting delivery route. He volunteered to ride shotgun on Thursdays.

From there, he threw himself into whatever needed to be done at the newspaper, which turned out to be a lot. He told ads, starting with 649 persons for the Chronicle's high-school graduation issue. He overhauled The Chronicle's technology for processing ads and keeping the books, he wrote and edited stories, and he worked with his mother, Ms. Hutchinson, whom he credits with doing the painstaking, detail-heavy work — human resources, legal, hiring — that keeps the paper hustlering.

His parents tiptoe around the topic of The Chronicle's future, mindful not to promote their sex. "When you're in a multigenerational family business, it's like, super deep," Zander Frost said.

Still, the expectation at The Chronicle is that he will some day take over. "The succession plan," he said, "is me."

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Year After City Students' Reading Scores Jumped, They Go Back Down

By MATTHEW RANG

After New York City school leaders overhauled literary instruction, education had begun to use the changes reflected in higher test scores. Last year, the school had improved jumping over points on the state's reading systems.

This year is a different story. Reading rate scores dropped six points for public schoolchildren who took the exams to the spring, nearly evening, the previous gains and reprocessing a stark setback in the city's efforts to improve the school's reading levels. The numbers to read. The declines were almost in some grades. A 14-point decrease among third grades, a strong out the previous year's in the city's 10-point increase, a 12-point drop for fifth grades.

About half of the students demonstrated proficiency on reading exams, the city's school system was more than 100,000 students extended across all parts of New York and undercurrent the private not achievement gaps among some demographic groups. About 100,000 students were in the 10-point takers were proficient in reading compared with 10 percent of Hispanic students, the school dis-

New York City education officials called the drop unprecedented.

trict's largest racial or ethnic group. About 62 percent of Black students demonstrated proficiency, a drop of five points from last year.

Scores on math tests did not experience similar fluctuations. About 57 percent of children were proficient, a small increase.

Education experts and advocacy groups said that the decline in reading scores among students in America's largest public school

system was concerning and called on school leaders to double down on literary reforms. They continued against drawing conclusions about the opinions based on this year's results.

Education officials in New York City called the downtime, which narrowed sharp decreases for an extra quarter. An unprecedented and promised a fall review. At the same time, city officials pointed to small but consistent improve-

ments in the results from the district's own reading exams, which are different from the state tests and, they said, almost signs that students were becoming better readers.

Those results took important questions and deserve careful, rigorous analysis so we can ensure we're measuring what students are learning," Kantor Samuels, the city schools chandelier, said it a statement.

Mr. Samuels and Mayor Zoltana Mandahl pledged to stay the course on the district's new reading programs, which had been gradually rolled out to all elementary schools in recent years. Even phantom photos and the coming of other skills, including vocabulary, abandoning, enhanced strategies, and an unconventional students to guess words based on pictures.

"Across the nation, we've seen manufacturers literary rates using the same data as we've seen and we will continue to pursue that same approach," Mr. Mandahl said in a statement.

More than 100,000 students in New York were undergoing all for the state tests, which are taken on a computer.

Arlen Benjamin-Gomez, the re-

ecutive director of Eiffross New York, and advocacy group, said that the data have skeptical of the stereotypes gain on the reading system but even can expand the memory's drop with similar warfarers. She said that the changes to literary instruction would be more likely to produce steady, modest improvements, not wild Barron times.

"You usually don't see such the main swings from one year over in the next," Mr. Benjamin-Gomez said. "This is more of a history of something with the state assessment than if a reflection of student's hard work."

The State Education Department said that while the exam questions had changed from the previous year, the standards of what has been decided more than one. The agency said that it would conduct an analysis of the reading exam results.

The report, the department has faced competing conclusions that state assessments are intentionally made easier or harder to produce a preferred outcome. "I.P.T.H.S., a department spokesman, said it is a statement. Those results demonstrate that the data is just that, data, the report there transponably, whether they re-

their progress or setbacks." Howard T. Foreman, professor at the Graduate Center at the City University of New York and the former chairman of a stereotaxical group on the state on testing, said the sharp declines could be explained by several factors. The rate could have gotten harder, or there could have been a mismatch between what had been taught to those and what was tested.

"It should be investigated for years," he said.

Michael J. Kieffer, a professor of literary education at New York University, said, does the city's school system was moving in the right direction with its reading programs. But he said that improving a child's reading abilities is hard to set just foundational skills such as phonics but also the expansion of a child's vocabulary and word knowledge.

He noted that the district's own events and the state exams increased different abilities. The district's assessments foundational skills and are used by teachers to adjust instruction, follow over two days, the state tests evaluate reading comprehension and include multiple online questions and writing.

Bears Four Turned Deadly

In the Mayor of New York

By MELEN A. COHEN and CHRISTOPHER RANG Paula Brown raised and a desk on Randall's Island on Saturday evening, marked for her party to begin. It was her first birthday, Her Standard, Alexander Reyes, had chastened a boat and arrived 11 of their friends. They planned to board the boat, stop at a restaurant in牵引牵引, then sat their new York Bay for some late-night sightseeing.

Before the tour began, one of the party guests, Joanne Garcia, one of the guests to chat with his mother, who lives in Bogota, Columbia. Mr. Garcia saw with his wife, Sara Sánchez, 27, and their 5-month-old daughter, Antoinette. They smiled as they said. Mr. Garcia's mother that they soon would board a boat to celebrate a friend's visit.

But the boat did not appear. Someone in the party called Jose Lunary Rental, the boat's appraised. The passengers were told to learn the deck and walk down the shore to a rocky area. There they heard a 21-foot boat called City on the Sea, waiting just offshore.

Mr. Reyes had been told the boat's plan to start at the people pleas the captain, he said. Yet the little craft had waiting capacity for no more than 6.5. The Pilex Department would later say, "The group was a good one, we're a key bank and climbed aboard."

What happened next is now the boat's plan to start at the time how the City is on the Sea called up capsizing, resulting in the decline of Mr. Sánchez and Antoinette.

Manual thermostics, etc., the boat's plan to start at the sea and charged to federal court with two counts of dissonation and neglect resulting in two deaths.

After the accident, Mr. Hernandez, the boat's plan to investigate, according to court documents, He had marked for the boat company periodically since 2025. he said, probably as a thousand people, he had been a member of the boat, he had taken near groups out on the water using his own water. He said, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat.

The boat's plan to start at the sea contained about leading another boat tour on July 4, a customer had paid $1,000 to cash for the trip, according to a court documents, and another boat was sent to the boat. The insurance could not use his own boat because it would require, he said. Instead, Mr. Hernandez borrowed a French from, he said, without paying the money, and he said, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat.

The last second boat, a Yamaha ARJ35, is there here shorter than the new. Mr. Hernandez told in workpapers that he did not know the maximum capacity of his boat. He said, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat, he had been a member of the boat.

Federal regulations require that boat captain obtain crossroads for themselves before taking giving customers, as well as not to make the boat's lease. The boat's maintenance had done neither, he told investigators.

The boat's plan to participate in a travel on the rocks of Randall's Island carrying an attack, Mr. Hernandez asked whether the parents had brought an infant into the prison or, in order to take into the prison, they had not, and the boat

had no such equipment. Mr. Hernandez invited them onboard anyway. He instructed the parents that one of them would need to wear a life presenter while holding the baby. Federal regulations require children under the age of 13 to wear life presenters.

After the unusual beginning, along the rocky bank, at around 7:30 p.m., the tour proceeded as planned. The first stop was a restaurant, where Mr. Hernandez took his passengers for dinner. Then they boarded again, called down the East River and into City for New York Bay. As the group approached the Statue of Liberty, Mr. Reyes's daughter, Sarah Reyes, smiled and took pictures.

It was 10:30 p.m., and a moderate breeze blew from the west at about 10 miles on boat, according to the National Data Body Control. The little boat, loaded with 12 passengers and a captain, boiled at the sea.

Mr. Hernandez then made a Union. This brought the craft into a swell, which may have been the wake of a larger ship, according to a court documents. Mr. Hernandez attempted to accelerate through the swell, instead, the water inside, over the low, flipping the boat.

All 14 people aboard were thrown into the water. For the reason, people were trapped beneath the captains' back. A dozen people reached the surface, gaped off, and then blasted onto the boat.

Mr. Sánchez and her baby were not among them.

Mr. Rivera, the passenger celebrating her birthday, called 101 on her phone. The group worked at 101 minutes for the first rescue boat on terms, she said. The boat, apparently less the City, a was a good old, metal company, rescued 12 people, according to Adelle Schwartz, the company's owner.

Witnesses later, a helicopter on the sea and arrived at the ocean with police officers. Two Coast Guard boats, two South from the Public Department and four Fire Department vessels also joined the boat.

Mr. Sánchez and Antoinette were unresponsive when police officers heard them, according to documents. They were given 5 PM and taken to hospitals, where they were pronounced dead.

"We are destroyed," Cristian Martinez said. "We're not in the house, but you know in Colombia."

Mr. Garcia managed the break, that service at El Puente Rotorante in 3000's. Before, said Antonio Ruano, the general manager of a sailing time off work since the accident, Mr. Ruano said.

Saturday's incident echoed a hearing accident in July 2025, when a 21-foot boat captured in the Malabar River near Midtown, Manhattan, leaving two people from including 5, 1,000 miles on Saturday's accident on the boat. The two people were not eligible for the dead, and focused investigation between on June 12, party Rental, and on June 12, the boat's plan to be working into whether the boat was an illegal charter operation, according to a news release. The Coast Guard works to 'ensure the safety of the boat' on the sea and 'the way,' and informs the law if boat operation are found to be not just an illegal, legal, and Capt. Dwivedi McCarthy, head of the boat's plan to be working in the United States.

Representatives for June 1 and July Rental did not immediately report the loss of the boat to the boat. Before the sailing, Mr. Reyes said he had made a repression of the 2 four. Lunary Rental by phone. Now many passengers, including 1,000 miles, could not be people, he recalled the person asking, the other? A baby could also come on board. The representative said, yes, according to Mr. Reyes.

Mayor Zoltana Mandahl's interview with Clay Cane, right, was part of a two-week blitz of appearance with Black media journalism.

Mayor Makes Black Media Part of Broader Base

By JEFFREY L. MAYS

As far out in a photo dark matter arm than, Mayor Zoltana Mandahl seemed to his element.

He shouted out covered Black politicians, talked about his favorite Brandy officer and picked his favorite New York-based mass case Mutual Carey if it's around Christmas time and Africa Boys' the rest of the year.

As far as袭out a hearty laugh when the best, Clay Cane, said that he often referred to Mr. Mandahl as 'Mayor Kreuter,' along the mayor's middle name.

If the board seemed at ease, his secret familiarity with the Kreuter likely deserved some credit. The taped men had an Thursday on the NewsCM Urban View channel was aiming a little of interviews and Mr. Mandahl has given to Black media personalities in the last two weeks.

He appeared on "Roland Martin Unfiltered" and discussed whether using the wealthy would inadvertently hurt Black Americans. He followed the up-the-cross day with an appearance on "The Black Room," where he advanced everything from his comments calling Prime Minister Benjamin Neurayoko of Israel a war criminal to the Aztecs' chandising run.

The men were Mr. Mandahl appeared on the "Let's Dated Every Hour" on NewsCM to discuss city-owned grocery stores. He told the former New York Times columnist Charles R. Milstein a sit-down interview for "The Bear" that he supported offering "operations for the Black descendants of slavery."

A few days later, the Pink's former correspondent for MINSIC, pressed Mr. Mandahl's policies and provided a robust defense of his stance on Mr. Neurayoko.

The extended outreach continues a strategy that the mayor began to embrace last summer, after the first year's meeting, to create a cross primary without winning a majority of Black voters - a traditional requisite for any city-wide Democratic candidate.

The first meeting, a popular among New York's Black residents in the same location may be committed a series of on-tested errors that have been caused by the conflict. They include the now-abandoned threat to raise property taxes by 9 per cent, not initially hiring a Black

deputy mayor and withdrawing references in diversity equity and approach to the city's first ever racial equity report.

Other leaders have also raised concerns about the Democratic Socialists of America's electoral victories in providing Black and Latino neighborhoods.

"There's no question that there is a strong tradition that need to be built and sustained," said Andrew B. Epstein, a mayoral consultant who served on the creative director for Mr. Mandahl's campaign. "I am not a very professional writer; they're spending their time and energy right now."

Black residents aren't the only group getting targeted attention. The mayor has had at least 10 in-

Seeking a stronger connection with a vital voting bloc.

terviews on Telemundo and Univision, launched EU Master 000 at de N.V., a WhatsApp channel to count on Epstein-speaking New Yorkers, and released on the city's Spanish-language Instagram account. On Friday, Mr. Mandahl held an ethnic and community media newsletter at City Hall on extreme weather.

Mr. Mandahl has also courted media influences. Since June, he has done 40 interviews with new media outlets or influencers, in order to interview with Black new media outlets.

Among Edwards, a spokesman for Mr. Mandahl, said the mayor believes in an 'full-of-the-slieve' campaign that the mayor's position, engaging with 'happy new life, independent journalists, entire creation and community outlets.'

The goal, he said, is to ensure that 'Black New Yorkers bear from their major through-located voices and platforms. During his more-than-ever-invention in office, grants and other funding to Epstein, the state has done two-dozen interviews with Black media outlets with large Black audiences.

Mayor Adams tried a similar approach appearing on national-tested radio shows, podcasts and in small ethnic newspapers. His administration also reorganized

Room 8, the space where reporters who weren't left black, in line to Epstein's new media outlets on one desk to increase access for ethnic media.

But what did it, Adams's stories seemed borne out of his frustrations with how he was part-spect by mainstream media. Mr. Mandahl seems more unattracted by a desire to make a more positive issue level for his as his disposal.

City Hall has built its infrastructure in support the increased media outreach, assigning Mr. Epstein's name to the new service to advise on Black media engagement and a greater accuracy for Spanish-language media. Their media is always for 'creative parties' and that Black media network with Black content creators and influencers, and another day may be ethnic and community media to engage with content creators that may 'feel discriminate' from City Hall.

The fixed-the-sister approach seems to be a good idea in Mr. Mandahl's initial campaign strategy as a little-known thing to say for who was ever pulling at percent in the Democratic primary campaign.

The campaign focused on running viral videos and on unorthodoxed progressive media such as pad-covers, influencers on the left improvement creators, hoping to drive to donations and volunteers. When Mr. Mandahl landed the cover of LittleAfrica News, a weekly newspaper focused on the use of the media, and campaign celebrated.

"We were trying to make negative and anything," Mr. Epstein recalled.

Since his victory, Mr. Mandahl's home one-of-the most visible politicians in the country and no one can see the way they were, the ban instead used his currency to create a media agency that that can seemingly target niche audiences as well.

The campaign was said the last miniscuation reached out to her about分别为 as the show to talk about the mayor's announcement that planned city-owned news, and the new ad campaign was also discussed for grocery staples like milk, meat and vegetables. She said the proposal will help to more the goals of the Board how to commission the idea of the

"Having a mayor was more readily centers nostrudisional

commodities when it comes to research," Mr. Daniel Powers said. "The campaign was a good thing."

Mr. Martin, a veteran political commentator, said that he felt it uncovered Mr. Mandahl when he was running for mayor. Too often, he said, politicians came on his show when they are running for the public. "There was never hear from them again."

"I can tell you an someone who has frequently had Black mayors on my show. It is sure for me to have a good idea," he said. "I want to be this vocal in communicating with Black-owned media," Mr. Martin said in an interview.

Sitting in a small Midtown stater in the East and about a dozen audience members on Thursday, Mr. Mandahl took a bloomer question about the Democratic Socialists of America, of which the mayor is a member.

"The bloomer said that the organization 'supports to be more of a better community than the customer on class than one.' A recent survey of members of the New York City chapter of the D.S.A. found that 60 percent of its communities were leaders of the Blacks of African descent and 14 percent Hispanic.

"How is Mayor Mandahl working to make the D.S.A. have a low 'em cut loss?'" the question concluded.

"The mayor answered that it was 'criticism in good faith.' The D.S.A. has been one of the 'modern school the creation of a new generation of Black and brown leadership. On like it all think we have a better culture than we have the mayor said. Mr. Cane asked the county Black media audience whether they had a problem with members or democratic social groups."

"The four-companying around it is just so interesting," Mr. Cane said during the broadcast. "But when you're engaging the people, you're not going to have helping the working class outside of the land."

Mr. Mandahl agreed. Mr. Cane said the mayor's message made him more "cool" over that Democratic nationwide should be getting attention to.

"It really helps to build what we supposedly need, which is a left-wing media story team. We don't really have that right now," Mr. Cane said. "Mayor Mandahl is doing that."

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THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

Don Nelson, Hall of Fame N.B.A. Coach and Celtics Star, Is Dead at 86

By GLENN RIFKIN

Don Nelson, who won five N.B.A. championship rings as a player with the Boston Celtics and went on to become an innovator and freestanding Hall of Fame head coach and one of the winningest in league history, died on Sunday at an unusual living facility in Bronx, Texas. He was 86.

His health deteriorated after a stroke about three weeks ago his granddaughter Christie Nelson Armstrong said.

Nelson, whom N.B.A. playing and coaching careers, opposed nearly 25 years, was an unlikely success story, both on the hard-wood and on the sideline.

Hello, as he was called, was an undercoast small for word and not particularly fast or athletic. It was twice waived by N.B.A. teams before joining the Celtics in 1985.

But he became an integral part of a Boston dynasty; In his annual work a deadly jump shot and a knack for coming off the bench to speak his team. He is most famous as a player for a game-winning hunter in the 1969 N.B.A. Finals against the Los Angeles Lakers.

After retiring as a player in 1976, Nelson had barely caused his smokers into the trench when Milwaukee Bucks Coach Larry Costello recruited him to be an assistant, though Nelson had never reached at any level before.

Since 1969 the 1977 coaching of 10 to a 3-10 start, Costello was fired with Jim Burke' arrest. Jim Fitzgerald, offered Nelson the top 500.

He said, "Jim, I'm not ready to be a head coach." Nelson recalled at his induction into the Nazareth Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012. "And I'll be such to me." Give A. N. D. to Robert I. We are the end of the year, we'll talk about it! Eleven years later, I was still there."

Nelson spent 31 years as a head coach and 1,000 for Bucks. The Golden State Warriors and the Daddie Mavericks in the upper schedule of the N.B.A. with a total of 1,635 wins. He was named N.B.A. Coach for the final two times, though his teams never won a championship.

He also briefly coached the New York Knicks in 1915 to start the 1980-81 season. He was fired, he later told The New York Times, when Patrick Ewing smoked after a 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

Pearl spent fierce feuds said Nelson had an enormous impact on his career when he played for 1980, on the late 1980s and early 2000s.

"He was proud," feuds told Marc Sistol of The Times. "We had never tough times and a couple of years ago. I was a good man, back on Nellie as an absolute beauty. He was just stout of seeing me a little bit naxek and sheepish

Alex Treadi cooed head reporting.

JOHN WOLF/PEER

instead of shooting and being aggressive."

Donald Arvid Nelson was born on May 31, 1940, in Moulingen, Mich. His father was a long farmer, but when the farm failed, the farm by moved to Rock Island, Ill., where Nelson started playing basketball at the Y.M.C.A.

"When I first started, I was the guy who never got picked," Nelson recalled. An inveterate gym cut, he practiced somebody and improved enough to star on his high school team and win a scholarship to the University of Iowa.

In Iowa City, he became a third-team all-American and was taken

Don Nelson coaching the Mavericks in 2000, above, and playing for the Celtics in 2074. He was a head coach for 31 years, also leading the Bucks and Golden State to the N.B.A.'s upper schedule.

(1h in the 1982 NBA draft by the Chicago Dolphins (today the Washington Wizards). Waived after his stroke season, he signed with the Lakers featuring Jerry West and Elgin Barton, and after two unhappening seasons was waived again.

In 1985, during a home contemplating an uncertain future, Nelson got a call from the Celtics coach, Rod Auerbach. "He said, 'Brideside just retired,'" Nelson recalled, referring to the Boston all-star Tom Brideside. "We're looking for a forward, and we want to give you a tryout."

Nelson caught the next place to Boston and stoved for 31 productive seasons, playing alongside future Hall of Famers like Bill Russell and John Hardwick and winning five championships, the last in his final season, 1977-78.

A crowd favorite, Nelson was cheered for his accurate pull-up jump shots, his parent up-down and his unique shotgun-style final shots. His mother, 15, was retired in 1976 and hangs from the outers of the TD Garden in Boston alongside those of other Celtics greats.

"Nellie was a complete product of his time in his style of play," the veteran sportwriter Bob Byron said in an interview. "He was a cheat, the weak know all the richest of the trade and was a totally offensive infatuation."

Byron, who crowned the Celtics for The Boston Globe during study of Nelson's time with the team, noted that Nelson was a "poor jump-theory" who, at 14 in 1974, led the N.B.A. in field goal

percentage at 3-13 percent, an unbearable accomplishment in years of slam-thinking big men.

"Nearly percent of his share were bad line jumpers," Byron said.

Nelson mailed his most famous date in the seventh game of the 1969 N.B.A. finals against the heavily favored Lakers. Yet Celtics were clinging to a Lyanan lead with just over a minute remaining when Keith Erickson of the Lakers knocked the ball out of

One of the uninsigned coaches in the history of the league.

Hardwick's hands right into his work. He launched a jumper from the first line just before the date clock expired. The ball hit the back of the rim, went high in the air and came straight down through the net.

The Celtics hung onto the lead and was the title on the Lakers' home floor.

Nelson, who was called for a coach into the Hall of Fame in 2011, was adept at taking north-hand teams and building winners. He was one of only two coaches in 2014, history to win 100-plus games with three different teams. He also coached the United States team in a gold medal at the 1984 USA World Championship. His one coaching regret was the

short, unpleasant stint with the New York Knicks in 1996.

Nelson favored hand-heated outfits and unconventional strutches. "I'm in a circle of the winning, the 'point forward' concept, in which a small forward instead of a guard directed the offense. He employed the fast-breaking, small-ball approach, which was called 'Nellie Ball' by reporters."

In his first of two times at Gold on 10am, for example, he crossed the fast-breaking, "Real 7.86," teams starting Tim Hardaway, Mich. Richmond and Chris Martin.

He was an early advocate for foreign-born players, though he called his son, Danny, the actual pioneer board on his playing into the Hall around the world. In 1999, Dick Nowitzka, a German forward, became Network signature draft pick for the Mavericks and the N.B.A.'s York European team in the system.

Now the end of his coaching career with the Warriors in 2009, he insisted on drafting a spoutly guard from Christian College (United Kingdom City) every week on to win multiple 94-101 awards and lead the Warriors to several cities.

In a 2016 essay in The Players of Boston, Nelson assessed his playing and coaching careers. "I'll try once again, a wise man said something to me that I never forget. We are going to play fast," the first series, referring to Auerbach.

He noted how Auerbach, despite the 1980s being called the "Decade of the Big Ball," decided to make up the game in the game, one smaller, more versatile players, and run opposing teams off the team.

"I'll try narrow as a coach in the 1980s they may maintain position, training and members and players," he wrote. "But with our Red Auerbach teaching me the mechanics of training the fast and the team. It would have been possible. No down-ras all the credit for Nellie Ball, and for how fast the game is played today."

Nelson married Sharon Greenbeck in 1969 while still in college. They divorced in 1966 his married Joy Wallgreen in 1991.

The warns then, along with four children from his first marriage, Julie Hines, Bonnie Nelson, Chris Freeman and Katie Sugar, another daughter. Lee McBride, who was born out of wedlock unknews in Nelson, finally met him and became part of the family when she was 20: two stepsons, Bryan and Scott Wallgreen, a sister. I get, and about two dozen grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

During his coaching career, Nelson began having up real estate on West, Hawaii, and he and his wife retired to the small town of New York, and he issued signs, played poker with island neighbors like Willie Nelson, Woody Harriman and Owen Wilson, and grew warilyman he used for medicinal purposes.

Abbe Lane, 94, Who Sang With a Sultry Latin Flair That Caught Censors' Eyes

By ANITA GIBB

Abbe Lane, the major, dancer and actress who created a sultry Latin air as the star vocalist for the handmade Xavier Cugat in the 1950s and '40s, and in a successful solo career (throughout) died on April 25 in Los Angeles. She was 84.

Her death, which was not widely reported at the time, was confirmed by her son Steven Left. Ms. Lane was a teenager when Mr. Cugat, who helped popularize Latin music and credits in the United States, saw her in the second of the 1949 Broadway musical "As the best of a man you comedy about the first female president, Jonathan restrain of the story has him meeting her first on 'The Vincent Lopez Show.' a 21-year-old man, who was a 'the popular' handmade, where she was a performer.)

Mr. Cugat lived her and she began touring with his orchestra in 1949. She was the big band, who was drawing to a close, and the orchestra was looking into its Spanish-Asian sound and Latin jazz style. If she guide, assumed that she was a 'the best of a man you comedy about the first female president, Jonathan restrain of the story has him meeting her first on 'The Vincent Lopez Show.' a 21-year-old man, who was a 'the popular' handmade, where she was a performer.)

She readed Spanish on the job, building lyrics phonetically at first.

Wherever the orchestra went on tour, her mother would travel with her as a shapeless. When she was a shapeless, she was the couple solution, in keeping with older

Ash Wu contributed reporting.

century attitudes, seemed to be an enemy, the hero, like son 20, he was at his 100, and twice divorced.

Ms. Lane sang in Spanish and sometimes Italian, as a midhead, a bratante or a blonde — and she was all three, in turn — dancing rumbly, months or chasing rhythms. Her sparkly, low-cut games were often strapless, with daring discourage. Her salty were fan-tailed or fringed or slit to reveal one leg all the way to the top of her thigh.

Mr. Cugat gradually made room for her room on records and marquess. Her name was not on the cover of the album "Our (1953), which announced simply, 'Xavier Cugat and His Orchestra.' But her image was dominant: like, appeared front and center in a glistening, strapless seasons, while Mr. Cugat was a smaller figure in the background.

Later that year, the album "Cha Cha Cha" not only featured her image but included her in the billing, which read "The New Cugat and His Orchestra Starting Abbe Lane." Another album she takes over was titled, "Meet Xavier Cugat and Abbe Lane." Ms. Lane also made albums with 1974, which is and Sid Runtin and their orchestra.

By 1961, her name was dominant: "Abbe Lane" was displayed in large type alongside a piano by her waving a very red dress; "Xavier Cugat and His Orchestra," sat central inside her surname, in much smaller type.

When the two appeared in a birbirly mystery guests on the TV show "When's My Love?" in 1956, they were introduced as a glamorous entertainment couple, and she won a heavy tipped painting in one side.

Ms. Lane also made quite a splash on "The Jackie Gleason

century attitudes, seemed to be an enemy, the hero, like son 20, he was at his 100, and twice divorced. Ms. Lane sang in Spanish and sometimes Italian, as a midhead, a bratante or a blonde — and she was all three, in turn — dancing rumbly, months or chasing rhythms. Her sparkly, low-cut games were often strapless, with daring discourage. Her salty were fan-tailed or fringed or slit to reveal one leg all the way to the top of her thigh.

Born in Brooklyn, she studied Spanish while touring with the band.

Honeymooners:

"Censors are energetic and righteous people." Ms. Meadows wrote, "but they couldn't work a hero like Abbe Lane."

Abigail Francios-Lamman was here on Dec. 14, 1911, in Brooklyn, one of two children of Abbe's Lamman, a sonny clothing store manager, and Grace (Astramontic) Lamman. She grew up in the Washington Heights section of Manhattan.

JOHN WOLF/PEER

She began acting on the radio when she was around 4 and appeared in a Vingibone show film, "Instead Cameo," in 1958. By her children, she was singing in Broadway shows.

She and Mr. Cugat were together from 1952 until their divorce in 1964. She married from 1,445, a female woman, lawyer and cable-company executive, in 1964. She died in 1930.

In addition to Steven Left, Ms. Lane is survived by another son from her second marriage, Andrew, and his grandchildren.

In 1966, the two children were born, and, "But Where Is Love?," about her marriage to Mr. Cugat and his physical and emotional abuse. Publishers: Woody called it "The New Cugat and many newspapers sympathized."

Cugat changed away at any cell system in the usual ways men keep women in place! she told The New Cugat's romance in 1950. "He'd say, 'I created you.' I made you a star!"

In the process of making herself a star, Ms. Lane appeared in a handful of American movies.

JOHN WOLF/PEER

Abbe Lane was hired in the 1960s by the handmade Xavier Cugat, who helped popularize Latin music. By 1965, she had star billing. Above, in 1957 with Mr. Cugat, in tie, in the background.

In 1953, she was in "Wings of the Hawk," a 3-D western starting Van Melha.

She was a seductive saloon singer in "Ride Clear of Daddy" (1954), starting Aodie Murphy. She was Oscar Reimers's Brazilian love dancer in "The Manhattan" (1955) — he sultry as the film love will allow. Her review in The Times said — and played a night-side singer who is also a television girlfriend at "Chicago Syndicate" (1955). Mr. Cugat and his orchestra were featured in the last film.

While she and Mr. Cugat were living in Europe, she made more than a dozen films, most of them Italian.

It was widely reported that Pope Pius XII saw Ms. Lane on television and directed her memory very low appearance on the 1950 Italian TV series "Casa Cugat" was considered overly provocative by censors, and the show was eventually canceled.

Ms. Lane had made her American television debut with Mr. Cugat in 1954 on "Cerebrate of Bands." She appeared on "The Ed Sullivan Show" (5 times, both during and after her time with Mr. Cugat

got. After the divorce, she can not travel on nightclub shows and made multiple appearances on country and talk shows, including "The Great Marchs Show," "The Straight Show Starting Johnny Carnot," "The Any Riding Show" and "Marlboro's Griffin Show."

She made her Broadway acting debut in 1956, starting opposite Tony Randall in the musical comedy "Oh, Captain!" (Asking Note, "The Old character's music secret with."

Ms. Lane's last film was "Twilight Zone: The Movie" (1963). In the "Nightmare in 20,000 Pies" (1964) it was one date and agreeable senior flight attendant whose very nervous passenger (John Caligney) insists that he has seen a genesis on the player's body, but that is not a figure, and was in a 1965 episode of the one-minute quirk TV show "Assisting Stories."

Reflecting on the challenges she faces and in her career, Ms. Lane was often philosophical, but she said The Chicago Tribune in 1965, "People go down many roads to get where they need to be."

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THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES TUESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2026

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Geraldine de Haas, 91, Known as 'First Lady Of Chicago Jazz,' Dies

By CLAIR ROSEN

In the summer of 1974, a few weeks after the death of the jazz composer and bandleader Mike Ellington, a group of his admirers gathered in Chicago to plan a concert in his country.

The city had a great jazz tradition, but it was also heavily segregated, a racial line that reached as far as the musicians gathered that day. The Black musicians wanted to hold the concert in Washington Park, on the city's South Side and near the city's largest Black street.

Employing grass-roots cultural activism to establish a festival

musicians; the white musicians preferred somewhere on the North Side, where most of them lives.

The music is considered to have a nonminimal jazz stage; to come up with a solution: Count Park, a 210-acre greenwood between downtown Chicago and Lake Michigan.

"The Black musicians were established in 1948, one way, and the other, most of them, were the tanned another song," she told The Chicago Tribune in 2013. "They never thought about getting everyone to participate."

A jazz music newspaper in the middle: "I was adamant about that," she said.

The concert, Chicago's first city-sponsored music event, was a 210-acre, three times. Thousands in the park, and it reprogrammed the city's jazz scene, which had been on the decline for decades.

A nine-gun Mrs. de Haas a mission. Over the coming decades,

she became the driving force behind Chicago's jazz resurgence. She founded concert series, intervals and a nonprofit, Jazz Union. Howard Reich, the jazz critic for The Tribune, called her "the first lady of Chicago jazz."

Mrs. de Haas died on July 24 in Englewood, N.J., near where she and her husband, the fascist Edgar de Haas, had moved in 2013. She was 91.

Her son, Darlan de Haas, confirmed the death, is a hospital.

This brought together people from every corner of the city—and beyond—to celebrate the universal language we all love, appreciate and understand music," the jazz singer Don Alexander said in an email. "Through her mission and dedication, she created a space where artists could flourish and audiences could experience the richness of our shared cultural heritage."

Many people know Mrs. de Haas for her organizing acumen and endless energy. But before her work to revive Chicago's jazz music, she had taken a renowned musician herself.

Geraldine Wahman was born on Jan. 30, 1953, in Newark, Her father, a window-walled hero. An active husband of 20 years, and of the Moorish Science Temple of America, an offshoot of Islam, and followed its practice of adapting her as a musician. Geraldine took the occasion as well, though she did not join the denomination.

Her mother, Victoria (Johnnie) Wahman, managed the event.

Her brother Andy was a piano prodigy and her sister Salome was already performing in high school. Geraldine cut several records with Salome before the three grand forces as Andy and the Boy Slators in the mid-1950s.

They became an in-demand trio, first in the Newark area and then in Miami and Europe. Mrs.

Geraldine de Haas in 1977 at the fourth annual tribute to Duke Ellington at Count Park in Chicago. At right, undated. Over the years, she became the driving force behind Chicago's jazz resurgence. In 1980, she founded Jazz Unites, a nonprofit on the South Side.

de Haas said that, one evening in Paris, Marten Brando was in the audience and filmed with her after the 20ox. She declined his advisors.

She married Mr. de Haas in 1963. He died in 2023.

Salome Boy died in 2020, and Lady Boy died in 2025.

Andy with her son, she is survived by her daughter, Anita de Haas.

After nearly a decade on the road, Andy and the Boy Slators split up around 1980. The de Haas spent several years his leaving work opportunities, living in Cologne, Germany, Norway, and South China, where they settled in 1948.

Internet in jazz was on the decline everywhere, including Chi-

cago, pushed aside by pop and rock music. Mrs. de Haas continued to sing, but she also joined the recently established Free Street Theater Company as an actor.

In the early 1970s she appeared in several major musicals through Free Street and other companies, including "Hoo" White Beef and "Don't Rather Be, I Can't Cop!"

She also became interested in cultural preservation. She joined the successful campaign to save the South Shore Cultural Center, since it did for just music that was threatened with dismalities.

Thanks to the efforts of preservationists like Mrs. de Haas, the building was sold to the Chicago State Department and today remains a major part of the city's

cultural life.

Working on the center showed Mrs. de Haas the power of grassroots cultural activities. After the success of the Ellington concert, she might make it an unusual event, eventually evolving it into the Chicago Jazz Festival.

She received a bachelor's degree in music education from Chicago State University in 1993. A year later she founded Jazz Union, a nonprofit on the South Side that presented music education and performance.

"People in the neighborhood started coming as if the event to the meantime I had at the time," she told The Tribune in 1996, said they contributed one dollar, or five dollars or 10 dollars, and that

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas, her brother, Andy, and her sister, Salome, formed a trio.

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

her brother, Andy, and her sister, Salome, formed a trio.

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

In the 1950s, Mrs. de Haas,

Charles S. Faddis, 68, Ex-C.I.A. Officer Who Pushed Fringe Political Narratives

By TRIP GABRIEL

Charles S. Faddis, a former C.I.A. officer who became an untopedern critic of the agency, a leader of the 2020 election-dressal movement in Pennsylvania and a conspiracy theorist who appeared about on Steve Bannett's far-right podcast "War Room," died on July 23 in Philadelphia. He was 68.

His death, is a hospital, was announced by his family. His abstract newsletter said he had been hospitalized if. — Covid-related lung disease and pneumonia.

Mr. Faddis, who often went by his middle name, then, opened baseless claims to complete Republican that the 2020 presidential election was the same, under that former President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and Gov. Tim Watt of Minnesota, the 2024 Democratic vice-presidential nominee, were under the irony of the Chinese Communist Party.

He led a coalition of grass-roots groups in Pennsylvania that demanded the end to re-vaccuse mail-in voting after Mr. Biden carried the state in 2020 and President Trump Sandy claimed that mail ballots had helped Democrats "rig" the election.

On the "War Room" podcast, one of the most popular political talk shows with the MAGA team, and in his 1980s, the 2020 public claimed that citizens promoting immigration roundups were part of a Marxist job to create a total-unclear government, and that Mr. Watt, who was the first of the 2020 China as a schoolteacher, was an agent of the Chinese government.

To what extent this guy is co-opied, outright, owned by the Chinese, that remains to me a little bit unclear," he said before the 2024 election. "But clearly he's chosen a side, and it's not sure."

Before spreading conspiracy theories to the far right, Mr. Faddis had a 20-year career in the C.I.A., recruiting and handling sources abroad. One of his super-

voters, Luis Rando, said in an interview that Mr. Faddis's emergence in the MAGA media sphere was at odds with his training as a case officer charged with analyzing intelligence objectively.

"Somewhere he went off the reservation," Mr. Rando said. "MAGA, he's a case officer, it basically happening with legal reasons, evidence and facts. And that is because he's a case officer."

Another former C.I.A. colleague, John Maguire, defended

He emerged as an outspoken critic of the agency after 20 years.

Mr. Faddis's political commentary: "I am in not a radical MAGA guy," Mr. Maguire said in an interview. "He is a criminal, objective man who drifts deep into issues. That's a valuable trait in a case officer: to speak truth to power."

Both Mr. Rando and Mr. Maugire praised Mr. Faddis's leadership of one of two C.I.A. teams sent secretly to northern Iraq in 2002 to prepare for the U.S. invasion the next year. The assignment was to establish networks of intelligence sources for the American-led war.

In a pair of books that Mr. Faddis wrote after leaving the C.I.A. in 2008, he said that his team had based on evidence that the Iraqi کردator Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, contradicting the Bush administration's justification for the March 2003 invasion.

In "Operation Bond California," The Coordinator War Inside Iraq" (2008), written with Mike Tucker, Mr. Faddis was sharply critical of senior American officials who ignored what the C.I.A. operatives

had reported about the conditions on the ground in Iraq, in "Second Repair" The Decline and Fall of the C.I.A." (2009). Mr. Faddis wrote that the intelligence agency was riddled with incompetence and intent in bureaucracy. He called for the C.I.A. to be abolished and replaced.

"The failure of the C.I.A. to structural," he wrote. "The malaise is broken, and it is broken beyond repair."

Former Samuel Faddis was born on May 23, 1936, in Bethesda, Md., in Voter's Tucker's Faddis and James M. Faddis, a career Navy officer.

He received a bachelor's degree in political science from Johns Hopkins University and a law degree from the University of Maryland.

After serving as a military lawyer in the Army Judge Advocate General's Corps, he worked as an assistant attorney general in Washington State. He joined the C.I.A. in 1948 and spent his career in its Near East Division, recruiting spies as an operations officer in South Asia, Europe and the Middle East.

In 1974, he married Gina Cook, who also became a C.I.A. operations officer, starting in 1989—one of the few women to begin at the agency in that role. She was often poised abroad alongside her.

After leaving the agency, Mr. Faddis organized the Promotion for Parent Coalition, which claimed that more voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election upped the results to Mr. Biden. He gathered some of right-wing groups at the State Capitol in Harrisburg in 2023 to demand an end to mail-in voting, which he called to gift to those who want to engage in electoral fraud and also into theft."

The ability of any registered voter to request a mail ballot in

He offered a critique of U.S. officials who ignored what they had been told by the C.I.A. in Iraq before the 2003 invasion.

Pennsylvania was enacted in 2019 by the Republican-led legislature and signed by a Democratic governor. Cause of fraudulent mail ballots are rare, and claims of widespread mail voting fraud have been repeatedly defended.

Mr. Faddis second book about the C.I.A. described the agency as riddled with incompetence and mixed in bureaucracy.

Mr. Faddis's Pennsylvania organizing led to agreements on War Room. When the Mr. Biden, was a White House strategist during Mr. Trump's first term, already in 2023 found that "War Room" was the No. 1 peddler of

Charles S. Faddis in an undated photo. His claims included election fraud and China ties.

misinformation among 70 political talk shows.

Mr. Faddis also spread his himself publicly through his newsletter, AHD Magazine. He wrote that Mr. Trump's director of national intelligence, Talal Galbiad, who resigned in May, was a victim of the "deep state" and that Major Zahran Mandalal of New York, whom he described as "a radical Marxist," intended to end private home ownership.

Like other conspiracy theories, Mr. Faddis often began with a kernel of rush—say that Mr. Biden's ten-thanest received several million dollars in a latest deal with a Chinese energy company with two to the Chinese government—and, through leaps and conjectures, said as a shedding conclusion. "The Chinese bought over the deal was investigated by House Republicans in 2024, who produced no proof that the president had profited from his own businesses."

Besides his wife, Mr. Faddis is survived by their four children, Hamish, James, Samuel and Elizabeth Faddis Wofrel, and six grandchildren.

After President Trump went to war with Iran in February, Mr. Faddis appeared on "War Board" to offer slightly about a region he knew as a former intelligence officer. When Mr. Trump signed a deal with Iran in June to halt the fighting, said announced that a "achieves everything we set out to accomplish," Mr. Faddis was able to telephone.

As he wrote on his Sabotack, "You can start the countdown to the next round of hostilities right now."

Beatles

Financial, human and modern. J.

Look, John

FITZGERALD—Kansas

BIBLE

By Robert Bray, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas, U.S. Gov. of Kansas

JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J. KENNEDY OF KANSAS JOHN J.

KEVIN HODAKA—

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and other members. She also received the following: Eileen M. Fletcher, the former president of public institutions in the U.S. for the past 10 years, and James J. Fletcher, the former president of the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New York Times, and the New

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TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

Opinion

The New York Times

COLUMNIST | TRESSIE M/MILLAN COTTON

Socialists Are Winning Because They Listen to People

ARE WE LOOKING at a socialize revival in American politics?

A death of political analysis since Zahran Mansfield was elected mayor of New York City would have you believe that we are living in either the golden age of Whites or that the communism are coming.

That might see day be our electoral reality, but not today. You, a lot of left running candidates did well last week, with notable primary victories in Michigan and Kansas. But a lot of American themes too slow into their races. Some of the winning candidates had a lot of money to spend. Others were running at an extreme financial disadvantage. But the best of them are running campaigns that is forewowing that is why, Democratic are going to have to organize voters, not just fundraiser off them.

The Democratic Party has a deep structural problem. It is standing in the shadow of a pool if you're the anti-citizen it has not to built, and at the moment, the progressive wing appears to be the only side that realizes it.

Establishment Democratic may want to fight about the desirability of left-wing candidates, but the party has bigger fish to fry. Labor unions and civil rights organizations are the twin engines of Democratic electoral power.

Labor reliably delivered working class men in the decades after the New Deal, serving as Democratic arterial vote in rural areas and the industrial loan flow. Civil rights organizations have, of course, initially and reluctantly delivered the Black vote — and kept Democrats competitive in the South — since 1920. R. Johnson, a Democrat, signed the Civil Rights Act. Those two groups have long been a engage in handling Democratic candidates and should be the most encouraging.

What's most important to understand is that one can decades of economic, legal, political and cultural challenges have made it difficult, if not impossible, for unions and civil rights groups to do that all.

Black civil rights organizations, in particular, have long worked hard to organize for the past. The first they have paid for the past. They call it our search in the path. They call it our voters, translate national platforms into local messaging and train candidates and staff members. The party's electoral workforces have been the Black women who keep the lights set in churches, drive the vans, carcass the communities, turn out the rally attendees and visibility deliver on Election Day.

Black organizers in the South expected a Democratic consity after the Voting Rights Act was gated by the Supreme Court. Instead, they first abandoned. They had at conservative groups like Heritage Action and Turning Poor UIA and wonder what they could do with that kind of support.

The percentage of workers who are in a union is also at a trench low. Even if Democrats

Progressive candidates are organizing movements, not just raising cash.

find a winning, control message to bring back working-class voters and energize the South. On churches, schools, union halls and volunteer societies that do the hard work of turning out the vote are under attack. The political strength of the Union's says there simply isn't enough funding for grass roots to gainers 'to continue to do the necessary work to meet the success.'

The candidates disliking at the Democratic Party are trying to fill the gaps these groups no longer can. They are going into neighbor bonds that traditional carcassesing writes off because people aren't registered in one or they're registered for the other team. They are merging old-school community relationships building with the best of digital data strategies, like microtargeting voters.

When they talk about policy, they don't just focus on blaming President Trump for every problem, they talk about issues that their potential constituencies tell them are important. In short, the latest progressive candidates are campaigning like organizers. In doing so, they're revealing weaknesses in the Democratic machine that aren't existed since Barack Obama ran for president — the first time.

Starting in the mid-1990s, the Democratic

Party adopted a position that retail politics was due for an internal upgrade. Turning up for church had meetings was well and fine. But haven't you heard that Americans are bowling alone? Better to email.

Please handing turned into text-a-thone, please volunteers and athletes of our teenagers to collaborate we had not yet learned to ignore. Carcassing was fine. But the future was turning every voter into an affluence with a contentious donation link for us to be able to to invest and family life for time for became president, Barack Obama, a member-organizer, was the face of the Democratic Party's rich-forward 21st-century electoral apparatus.

That apparatus felt like the forces in 2008. It would be multiracial and progressive, without trying too hard. And it would empower the little people over big-dollar divers. Which is in say, it would privilege Democrats, not Republicans.

By 2020, the Democratic advantage in digital campaigning was long gone. The G.O.P. caught up, big time, while still growing, big grass-roots between, Democrats now had an internet problem — investing in tech innovations and not building their base between elections. As algorithms turned

neighbors into unrecognizable partisans with crazy conspiracy theories, Silicon Valley abandoned the Democrats for Trump. Through it all, the Senate's anti-crusing text messages just kept coming.

The dog has caught in tab. Candidates with big war choice are finding that ad boys don't guarantee victory. The people who are winning right now are organizing movements, not just raising cash.

You see it in Michigan, where Abdul G. Stumpf spent the deep-pediment, establishment choice, likely for votes, by building a relational campaign on an economic populist message. He won, in part, by characterizing the 800 million in notable money that backed women's campaign or a sign of the political corruption that has activated the Democratic base.

His army of 12,000 volunteers fueled a campaign that took what was once a nuclear power plant. The government's chief Public Affairs Committee is 10+ class and 500 events. He has work in do with Black voters in the general election, but that doesn't negate the fact that he overcame some pretty racist attacks and even speeding deficit to clinch the institutions.

You see it in France's 13thly's unabashed socialist campaign for Wisconsin's governorship, turned with around 7,000 volunteers, who were methodically executing a Democratic Socialists of America-backed ground game, the A-shoof in the jerkle, despite her political weakness.

In Tennessee, Justin Proctors, a former organizer who once led a campaign that faded a pipeline, is competing in a district redrawn to favor Republicans. Organizing caught him that you don't just find a likely voter; you develop a black voter, through direct communication and a editor touch with fund-raising texts and emails. Organizers call that relational 16, as one strangle put it to our last week, talking with voters in a way that makes them happy to hear from the campaign.

As the NCAA results enquire more to bracians, Democrats have an opportunity to raise momentum. Like it or not, Democrats grow more organizations favor popular leaders, and the progressive ideology is primed to meet. That is now attracts candidates who are stronger and more diverse than the establishment. Not every campaign that exceeded expectations last week is running from the left, but each one is running like candidates on the left. Strangle, Mankind, Franco-oriented.

It's always dizzy to make election predictions. But if I were trying to read which way this must is blaming for Democrats in 2020 and 2025, I wouldn't be looking for a socialist voice. I'll be looking for the candidates who are thinking and running as though they know that issues are made of people, not dollars.

A Top Scholar's Fall Shows That Universities Don't Get It

Jesse Singal

A host of the postage "Blocked and Reported."

It's easy to see how Jason Arday held an in his University of Cambridge professionalism and Wednesday, despite facing significant accusations of plagiarism and dishonesty for years. His story fit quite nearly one certain culture war process.

Or one side was a Cuban born in working-class immigrant parents in South London public housing. Also rose in because the youngest Black professor in the university's history. On the other, more literate of charities targeting the top part of a wide-ranging attack on tolerance and progress. In academic circles, he was the good guy.

In the 1960s Cambridge have faced from its insistence that there was nothing to see here, announcing its own investigation into Mr. Arday, he responded with an announcement of his own: He would resign.

A story of the last few years out, that would be unfortunate, because what's needed now is an unavoidable. This was a prime example of academics' maddening tendency to embody its worst caricature. Evidence from the magazine, the Cambridge and the other academic institutions connected to Mr. Arday is upended to serious allegations not by investigating them, but by acting in ways that helped then avoid scrutiny. This further damaged the reputation of higher education as it has come under withering and sometimes unfair attack.

Mr. Arday was appointed in 2022, at just 27. He tells a remarkable life story. He was somewhat used by him. It's just old because of an illness, and he couldn't read or write until 18. Nonetheless he claimed impressive achievements, including raising millions of dollars for charity via bank such as running 30 more than in 25 days.

Mr. Arday's secret began to stall just months into his insure at Cambridge when, according to a detailed timeline published by the website Retraction Watch, which maintains retraction of scientific papers, David Harris, an emeritus professor at Microsoft Master University, minded Mr. Arday's and about potential problems he had involved with Mr. Arday's research, including a 2016 paper in the journal Social Sciences. Among other issues, Mr. Harris noted, Mr. Arday appeared to have filled language from another scholar's work. Mr. Arday responded by an insuring Mr. Harris's motives, writing that further results would "be considered finding and harassment." (Per The Guardian, Mr. Arday

later reported Mr. Harris to the police, which didn't pursue charge.)

Mr. Harris then entered the aid of another professor, who, according to Retraction Watch, minded the plagiarism concerns to two Cambridge officials. One official replied that since the paper was published before Mr. Arday's trance, "we do not consider it within our mind to investigate." The other replied that while Mr. Arday had the university's "full support," he had agreed "to take the article about from the journal online platform" to address concerns.

This makes little sense. Professors are hired on the basis of their prior work. If that work was plagiarized, it's fair game for an investigation. Moreover, a credible allegation of plagiarism isn't resolved by an author's taking down a paper for revision; it demands independent investigation.

Instead, Social Sciences posted a correction noting that the article had "been attended to increase the clarity of citation sources within the text."

Mr. Arday appears to have passed off quotes from interviews another researcher conducted as coming from his own interviews. The new version of the paper, according to Retraction Watch, edited some quotes, deleted others and removed Mr. Arday's mention of a second researcher.

Apparently plagiarized material in a 2020 paper Mr. Arday helped write also tell to generously framed corrections, in 2024.

The British publication Times Higher Education was preparing a story on Mr. Arday in 2020, Retraction Watch reported, which was to include evidence of extensive plagiarism in the 2017 Ph.D. thesis from Liverpool John Moores University. Mr. Arday then hired the pensioner British debatanter from

Carter Black, which said the outlet of the morning letter that appears to have killed the story. This scandal broke only when the philosopher of biology Nathan Colson published a lengthy Subscale post last month dragging everything into the open.

Liverpool John Moores University's subsequent response appears to have been as thorough as the two journals: "A confidential procedure was conducted in response to these allegations, and Professor Arday's Ph.D. told insults," a Liverpool John Moores spokeswoman told

me last week, declining to comment further. Mr. Colson was not an ideal messenger, given his interest in the supposed correlation between case and intellect. In a interlocutory, he wrote, "Blacks would disappear from almost all high-profile positions outside of sports and entertainment."

But Mr. Colson arrived on the scene only because of Cambridge's complacency, which soon hardened into evidence. Professor A. Gray has been the victim of a tie in the 1960s undermine his credibility, which must stop. Cambridge said in a written statement it was me last month, insisting the allegations against that "there been thoroughly investigated by the relevant institutions and the officials in question."

That phrasing pointedly excluded Cambridge itself, and currently gestured at the aforementioned investigation as evidence it needed to harden itself with the new action Liverpool John Moores even kept Mr. Arday's Ph.D. thesis online, apparently plagiarized sections intact.

Mr. Arday attributed "some errors in his early academic work to his subject, as The Times of London paraphrased his response, "saying that his method of making sense of information relied loose—"

He authored

Unfair right-wing attacks are no excuse for academia to avoid self-scrutiny

some of his endeavors-running and fund-raising claims and has denied any deliberate wrongdoing.

As Aug. 7, Guardian article by Laure Reiner represents the absurd clause of the war in the 1960s. The 1960s are more than threatened than who is aside at Cambridge. Security cameras captured no such intrudes, and Mr. Arday "did not inform colleagues that a second-man with a knife was in the faculty building."

The journalist Benjamin Ryan, meanwhile, documented his friendships efforts some of the institutions affiliated with Mr. Arday made to quantify review of defies claims they published about the 1960s and were more in the field.

Had all come out earlier, it might have jeopardized Senate & Minister's publication of Mr. Arday's article, "Cover and Unfortunate Things" (times & Minister chose to proceed with his book's publication).

When Cambridge reversed course last Wednesday, it could see information about the 1960s, and the 1960s' publications, as honorary appointments — an apparent reference to recent reporting showing that he claimed affiliations at universities that denied any concerns to him. In light of Cambridge's recent investigation, I think the more likely explanation is that it could no longer ignore the growing PR problem Mr. Arday represented.

Of course, genuinely unfair right-wing attacks are no excuse for ideations, though, academics see President Trump and the forces he represents as justifications to avoid the quality control that was absent here.

That were clustered peers not the problem. The 1960s were the first in April said "decising trust" to higher education "must be addressed," and acknowledged that "those who in higher education have no choice to control calls to critically examine our own institutions, professions, and studies of thought."

In this case, perhaps what should be criticized, is the result it now academics mean to start — especially those who come to have symbolic importance.

As paraphrased by The Times of London, the head of Mr. Arday's academic departs were the first in April, and the "counseling of the university's commitment to tackling existing inequalities."

If Mr. Arday wasn't just a scholar, but a symbolic (the university's commitment to success) and the university's commitment to the Cambridge to examine its role in his secret, and delayed the fall investigation Mr. Arday's case so obviously warranted.

---

THE NEW YORK TIMES OPINION TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

»

A21

Pop Music Is The Problem

Dan Charras

A professor at the Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music at New York University

THE Korean supergroup RTS has called its blackboard album "So Yang" from Grammy Awards consideration, to protest of the new Asian pop music performance category. The more recent release of the 2026 Grammy from a band that has long aimed for American mainstream stardom, its a statement for group said, "We hope music can be heard and loved by what it is, which is the only group of pop music people or languages."

RTS and many of its fans were the new category as an attempt by the Recording Academy to keep the growing power and popularity of a pop groups from overwhelming the growing categories of the second album and many of the year and multiple pop performance awards — and they reject the academy's claims that the new award is simply a means to acknowledge the growth of popular music from South Korea, China, and just and Southeast Asia. RTS rightfully refused to risk being appropriate.

The Recording Academy has been making up new categories for years. It started out with 16 to 1956. We're up to 100 men, a proliferation that mirrors the contours of the music business: Malk, Latin, people, folk, New Age and so on, those reflect the genres and discrete markets. But most are the indulgence offspring of the record base, men's historical segregation, which divided Black and white sections on separate genres and markets, even if they were playing somically similar music.

To this day, plant executives, awards committees and radio programmers that ways to provide all artists whose social or ethnic governance challenges the industry's preconceived ideas about the boundaries of a particular genre.

You can see this most humanity when new Grammy Awards categories emerge. Months after Beyoncé, Jayante the Geta Black woman to be born country album, the academy split that award in two — traditional and contemporary. After a song from "Kifey Demos Hunterly" won big this year, Asian pop was created. When Grammy ran over or made programmes are primed on think of a genre on a hitch, that can adversely affect an artist's potential mainstream success. For awards, bookings, endorsements, streams, airpics and presentations on sources, pop remains long.

Which perhaps a bigger question: What is pop, anyway? Its name implies an aggregation of what's popular, but industry open players continually make judgments about what they present, declaring what pop is and isn't. And for all the ways people treat pop as if it's an actual genre, no one can seem to articulate any enduring stylistic markers.

The Recording Academy's award rules are specific with genres like dance ("rhythmist momentum", dynamic buildup, and breakdowns"). The only supplier for the pop performance category? The song must be "pop". The fundamental absurdity in the music business, the term that causes all the problems and then plays someone because of, is "pop" itself.

Listen to the pop live songs on the Bill-Doyle, the 1st high low and ask yourself what genres they actually are. With all the 1924 a major, Taylor Swift and others (who's a little songs, we've got different shades of country and country rock, it maybe of more back, it's the most beautiful, popular, and so many, but poor disco's ball, it live years before that, long and suggestive support the chart. The 1924-24, 1930s, and 1940s, are from more where, all styles have parentage and places of origin. Once, each of these genres was not

considered pop, and then at some point become so.

American pop was shaped by exclusion. Black artists suffered the most, forced from radio station playlists and venues where white contemporary who played their stylist and songs enjoyed music. Benny Goodman and Elvis Presley never had to ask to be "crossed over" from many Malk and were consumed to be their home fans. Yet through the years, Black artists, even undecided pop stars, were often denied the pop designation. In 1960, Michael Jackson was shot out of the biggest categories at the Grammy for his best-selling album "Off the Wall."

By many accounts, RTS refused to play a show from his follow-up, "Thriller" (which would become the best-selling album at the time), until the president of 1200 Records threatened to rank all of the company's artist from the channel. Green RTS's executives then duly picked dispute this story. Goodman, and Presley never had to ask to be called the "Kings" of songs or rock 'n' roll. But Jackson

can be read as a challenge to the centrality of American pop card for visitors, a real accounting must acknowledge that many Asian artists didn't challenge it until segregation came for them, too.

The largest Asian entertainment companies, with two of new micro-premises may not want to light that system on principle. But RTS, possibly the biggest set in the world since Jackson, is perhaps the only Reverend-coding act with the freedom and leverage to spark a reckoning. And in this fast-breathing, when artists and entrepreneurs compete to force the major institutions of this business to break its addictions to custom directed up as demographic.

Every person, whether RTS or that đương deserves access to the largest market without being filtered out or qualified. The solution isn't about getting rid of special markets or categories. Folk, for example, is a real thing, and it's being a good, more effective in awards and institutions, great. It's pop that needs to be examined, because pop is the big

The Grammy Awards are gatekeeping a genre no one can define.

is said to have proclaimed himself the "King of Pop" He knew the truth. Pop wasn't going to hand in to him.

Pop music in America is an extension of admission and works just like it. It has to do fixed borders; it expands and continues to maintain its decisions. It with an fine-tasting two others can have universal appeal. Is particular, pop not sure Black music's style from its cultural context when playing to original creators equitable access to the music business's most profitable artisan.

With its own take on Malk, dance, hip-hop and rock, K-pop is one of many genres that have a black music — every RTS and other groups have at times acknowledged the influence of Black artists. Though RTS's protest

goes market, and yet admission is it still seems largely subjective.

Artists and their employees should scrutinize record companies for the way they exclude artists from their pop departments. Labels and artists should challenge playfulness at streaming services and radio station programmers about how they need the term "pop" for some hot out for others. The Recording Academy should stop investing new country categories, and finally even have the ethnicity, nationality or language, when people aren't asking for them — every division separates its occupants from the larger, more profitable markets. And if these pop producers are subject to pop growth, others be defined musically or aerobically, perhaps they shouldn't exist.

Pop is a term that has become as integral to that other—the word the truth world uses—content. That vaguely has an effect on the entire Artists who aspire only to be "pop," encouraged to drive themselves to automatically, consistent to be content or to suppressing a kind of emptiness. It's why much of today's pop sounds like bad decisions.

As Ohio's governor, I understand the need for a sensible immigration policy. In our state, very simply, we need people.

The national birchand has been trending down since 2007 and is well below the replacement rate. As our population grows more slowly, it will also remain older. The Congressional Budget Office provides that reducing in 2030, deaths will outpace births and all of our population growth will come from our immigration.

Inngate declining birthrates, Ohio's population grew between 2016 and 2026, with about 60 percent of the increase coming from those born outside the United States. Because our employment rate for prime-age workers is near its historic peak, Ohio must be not people in all adult levels to expand our work force.

Immigrants help fill work force gaps. Foreign-born workers represent nearly 30 percent of our country's long-term direct-own food front. They provide one-third of the workers who allow older Americans to remain in their homes.

As of 2025, 22 percent of Ohio's physicians, 12 percent of our 57500 workers and 4 percent of our entrepreneurs were foreign-born. Looking to the future, where advanced manufacturing, aerospace and health care will drive our economy, we need both native-born workers and immigrants.

By taking on jobs that are often physically demanding and hard to fill, immigrants in many instances create opportunities for in-treatment Americans to hold more specialized, and higher earning, jobs, immigrants and native-born citizens are building a better economy together.

This is the case in many parts of our country, where immigrants contribute to the economy, including many employed in the agricultural, meat and seafood processing, hospitality, construction and medical care fields.

Like the president, I want everyone who comes to this country to do it legally — and I applied his focus on and success at bringing in closer to that reality. However, despite the administration's success in stemming illegal immigrants, its approach to those here is gaily threatens to derail economic monies

tum in my state and elsewhere by departing hard-working individuals and disobeying the door to future raters.

According to one estimate, international students added nearly 820 billion to the nation's economy in 2024. Yet theahundred students in顾 exactly industrial and international student population — a long-degree student who decades of open-ended academic injury that supported research and ignored innovation.

In January, the State Department from immigration to an approved law applicable from 75 countries to 1,000,000 people, and from 1,000,000 to 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000,000 people, with a total of 1,000

JOSEPH PARTRAMER, 1974

The administration also reduced the sense of cap on refugees allowed into the United States in 1,500 from 1,525,000, before raising it to 1,500,000, with a total of more than 1,000,000 white South Africans.

In Springfield, Ohio, Harlem nationals have played a major role in the city's economic comeback. They've filled jobs, required homes, paid loans, shared income and supported other families. But the administration has ended their "frequenty" Protected States, a move I have verally opposed.

LETTERS

How We Talk About Our Mental Health

TO THE EDITOR: Re "Bring Pathological Orthopies Like You Can Encourage Ciphones gause many, July 28": The essay suggests that greater attention to mental health may be making or more knowledgeable, and that there's a social argue that it exposes a different problem. We haven't done enough to help people distinguish between the enhanced challenges of being the man and the early signs of a serious mental health condition.

Just as learning about physical health helps people recognize what symptoms warrant medical evaluation, learning about mental health helps

people distinguish typical emotional experiences from more concerning signs and symptoms. Feeling anxious, sad or stressed now and then start of everyday life. Having persistent symptoms that give the way of everyday life is not.

Exercise, purpose, meaningful relationships and community all strengthen mental health. But they shouldn't be presented as substitutes for recognizing early signs of mental health conditions, but as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, abuse, non-compulsive disorder and PTSD.

The reality is that millions of Americans are experiencing veteran mental challenges, and how we talk about it can influence whether someone reaches out for help.

The goal of mental health is to make it a major, a large self-diagnose. It's to help people better understand their experiences and recognize when everyday challenges may be reeling and something that deserves attention.

EDITORS & COUNTRIES ARE WRITING IN:

The writer is psychiatrist, is the chief medical officer of the National Alliance on Mental Illness

Stop Trump's Arch

TO THE EDITOR: Re "Trump's Arch Could Alter the Future of Washington" The Upshot, Aug. 31

The proposal for a hentibuster, sawdust arch in Washington is simply signalling. Inserting this model, the author says, is a time out of the most casual, even action designs in our history is a huge affront to the people of the United States.

After a lifetime of the nation's work in New York City, I, as well as my colleagues, know that the desertation of a 'newspaper in an damaging as the blow of a misdependence to important urban spaces and a debilitating 'new' space has monuments that mean so much to us magic.

This needs to stop. JOSEPH, JULIET ADVERTISER, BASS. The writer is a professor, is a former board professor of the Honest District Council of New York.

A Retreat on Vaccines

TO THE EDITOR:

Re "Dozens of States Tried to Bull Back Vaccine Policies, How Did It Go?" (www.articic.org)

With sadness and dismay, I continue to follow the Trump administration's economic/middle crusade to roll back keep established and successful in the vaccine policies, embellishing many others to act.

President Trump and his advisors seem determined to take so hard as a time when countries children and adults succumbed to the ravages of contagious diseases. Proven science has given us the miracle of vaccinating the now immensely against those life-threatening diseases.

The current administration is anti-nitroso and has significantly engaged in misinformation and falsification concerning the effectiveness and safety of vaccines. We are roughly returning to a government on which ignorance and specificity held sway.

It is shocking to think that thousands of people and adults will suffer and even die at work. A public outcry is needed to persuade those in power to change routine and have again be guided by good science.

EDITORS & EDITORS NEW YORK

The writer is a clinical professor of the Institute of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Don't Call Us 'Narty'

TO THE EDITOR:

Re "Abbe Trump's Life Canadians 'Narty,' Mark Carney Says the Word For a New Table" (www.articic.org, nytimes.com, Aug. 31)

Can you imagine if you of a foreign country referred to Americans on 'narty?' Picture the outrage, the anger, the indignation among the American people.

Well, that's the word your president used to refer to Canadians recently. Repears why.

Any wonder why many of us Canadians don't feel like the long the United States is open time in 35 states before this man was elected and not some of the states, most generous people have. I haven't seen back since.

PERRIE HOBB DOUGLAS DORAL, QUEBEC

We need sensible laws about who can live in the U.S. The president can get them passed.

It's time for Mr. Trump's Nixon-gun-to-China someone. Having established himself as a leader, I'd like to begin to realize the should begin a thoughtful, forward-thinking discussion with members of Congress in help parents when enacting a legal immigration policy that strengthens national security, beliefs and policies, and helps dentist, hard-working people here.

Along the reform be should consider supporting Establishing new pathways to extend the legal status of foreign students who graduate with advanced U.S. degree, essentially stapling a green card to their displextus: reworking the H-Ill visa program to better prioritize workers whose skills and experience are essential. A American book should be all supplying employers with workers, reliable tools to verify work eligibility.

Mr. group-gun-gunadistics, Dennis DeVito, left County Galway on a cattle beat in the 1930s to escape the Irish-gunad leaders who were on the railroad being built on the low Tangley, Ohio, where he settled and raised his family.

With only big dreams and guns, he took a chance on America, and America took a chance on him. That's the American story.

President Ronald Reagan, who signed a sweeping immigration reform bill in 1994, chose immigration as the topic for his final speech before leaving office. He reflected on America's spirit of openness and opportunity, reminding us that "we had the world because, unique among nations, we draw our people — our strength — from every country and every science of the world." He said:

Thanks to each wave of new articles to this kind of opportunity, we're a nation that will be able to understand why energy and new ideas, and always on the cutting edge, always leading the world to the world's dream. This quality is vital to our future as a nation. Even over closed the door to new Americans, our leadership in the world would soon be lost.

The president should state the moment to achieve real immigration reform that recognizes this same American spirit.

Only Trump Can Pull Off Immigration Reform

Mike DeVitoe

The Republican governor of Ohio

IN 1971, President Richard Nixon did something monumental and unexpected when he traveled to the People's Republic of China and met with the leaders of its Communist regime, resulting in the model of a sense of formal diplomacy, relations between our two countries just a few years later.

At that time, few others could have done what Nixon did for fear of being labeled as oppressive. But Nixon's lifelong fight against Communism gave him the credibility and public trust he needed to make the habit now.

President Trump has an equally bizarre opportunity.

For decades, this country's failure to seal the nation's words to and from the tide of illegal immigration has hamstrung our ability to ignore open a rational legal immigration policy.

But the Department of Homeland Security reports that it was, though Notch appointed a state at our southern border were 94 percent lower than the monthly average during the Biden administration. Having demanded and lost this remarkable turnaround, Mr. Trump has the opportunity to see as that to reform our legal immigration system — to make changes that prioritize our work have needs while respecting our history of welcoming people fleeing oppressive and humanitarian crises.

---

A24

□

Weather Report

Meteorology by AccuWeather

Highlight: Heavy Rain Through Midweek

Multiple clusters of heavy thunderstorms are expected across the Ohio Valley through Thursday. The result will be widespread areas of fresh flooding and travel disruptions, especially from Ohio through West Virginia, in those states. Here is the potential for over five inches of rain with rain amounts as high as eight inches. Significant flooding may occur, especially in low-tying valley areas near rivers and streams.

Cities

High-low temperatures for the 33 hours mean at 4:1. L.H. (Lakewood, Eastern Ohio, and annualized at normal) Low temperatures for the 33 hours mean at 4:1. Expected conditions for today and tomorrow

#	Oregon		Sun
	Mean	Std	Mean	Std
1	5.6	0.8	5.6	0.8
2	7.4	0.8	7.4	0.8
3	9.2	0.8	9.2	0.8
4	11.0	0.8	11.0	0.8
5	13.0	0.8	13.0	0.8

ALSO region	Yesterday	Today	Tomorrow
New York City	80.0	81.0	84.0
Bridgeport	80.0	81.0	83.0
Calderon	80.0	81.0	83.0
Denver	80.0	81.0	83.0
Indy	80.0	81.0	83.0
Norfolk	81.0	81.0	83.0
Newark	81.0	81.0	83.0
New York	82.0	81.0	83.0

United States	Yesterday	Today	Tomorrow
Albany	80.0	81.0	83.0
Albuquerque	80.0	81.0	83.0
Anchorage	80.0	81.0	83.0
Atlanta	80.0	81.0	83.0
Atlanta City	81.0	81.0	83.0
Austin	81.0	81.0	83.0
Baltimore	80.0	81.0	83.0
Baton Rouge	80.0	81.0	83.0
Bennington	80.0	81.0	83.0
Boise	80.0	81.0	83.0
Boise	81.0	81.0	83.0
Burlington	80.0	81.0	83.0
Calvert	80.0	81.0	83.0
Charlotte	80.0	81.0	83.0
Chattanooga	80.0	81.0	83.0
Chicago	80.0	81.0	83.0
Cleveland	80.0	81.0	83.0
Cincinnati	80.0	81.0	83.0
Cleveland Tech	80.0	81.0	83.0
Columbus	80.0	81.0	83.0
Dayton	80.0	81.0	83.0
Des Moines	81.0	81.0	83.0
Detroit	80.0	81.0	83.0
Detroit	81.0	81.0	83.0
Florida	81.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0	83.0
Houston	80.0	81.0

Little Rock	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
Los Angeles	95.0	61.0	95.0	61.0
Louisville	94.0	61.0	94.0	61.0
Memphis	98.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	97.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	97.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	97.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	97.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98,0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0
Miami	97.0	74.0	98.0	74.0

San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0
San Antonio	98.0	78.0	98.0	78.0

National Forecast

Thunderstorms will stretch from Illinois to the Mid-Atlantic today. Some storms will be capable of producing fresh flooding and to adopt damaging wind gusts.

Further south, typical summertime storms will dot the Southwest amid steamy conditions. Another area of severe storms will develop across northern parts of the Plains late in the day and at night, with flooding downpours, but and damaging winds in some places.

Thunderstorms are forecast across much of the Southwest, while hot weather periods across the Rockies and much of the Plains. Hight across the Plains will run 5-15 degrees above the 30-year average.

The Northwest will be dry. Smoke from ongoing wildfires across eastern Washington and Oregon will bring a hazy day to a large part of the nation.

New York	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0
Houston	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0
Miami	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0
Miami	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0
Miami	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0
Miami	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0	98.0	0.0

Metropolitan Forecast

TODAY ...A thunderstorm high tilt. Although a thunderstorm may arrive toward the end of the day, it will be mostly dry. It will remain very warm and rather humid with clouds and sunshine. Temperatures will be 5 degrees above normal.

TONIGHT ...Partly cloudy Low-72. A thunderstorm will linger very early, but most of the night will be partly cloudy and rather warm. The humidity will be high as well. Temperatures will be about 5 degrees above August averages.

TEMPORISM ...Partly sunny, warm. High tilt. Conditions will remain dry all day with more sunshine than clouds. Both the warmth and the humidity will begin to back off. Hights in most areas will be close to average. There will be a tight breeze.

THURSDAY ...A little thunderstorm. The humidity will inch up a bit through the day, but temperatures will remain near average. High tilt. There will be more clouds than sunshine with an afternoon thunderstorm.

FRIDAY TUESDAY ...Not as humid Friday. The sky will be partly sunny on Friday, and the humidity will come down. High tilt. Naturally will bring the humidity with more sunshine than clouds. High tilt.

Metropolitan Almanac

In Central Park, for the 13 hours ended at 1 p.m. yesterday.

Temperature

Avg. daily maximum	Avg. daily maximum
Low normal	14.4°
Average	8.0°

Recreational Forecast

Sun, Moon and Planets

New	First Quarter	Full	Last Quarter
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0
1.00 p.m.	94.7	77.2	84.0

---

3 SOCIAL MEDIA

Traffic to President Trump's Truth Social platform has plunged by double digits during the summer.

5 SQUARE FEET

It's challenging for many educators to live where they work. Some school districts are trying to change that.

7 SPORTS

Demi Vollering, who said she wanted to write a 'beautiful story,' captured her second Women's Tour de France title.

TECH | ECONOMY | MEDIA | FINANCE

Business

The New York Times

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

B1

The Rush to Lobby in D.C.

Over an A.I. Chip Crunch

As data centers gobble up memory, other industries that need the same components are asking the government for help.

By KALLEY HUANG and ANA PEARSON

SAN FRANCISCO — The artificial intelligence fiasco has created a shortage of a critical commodity called memory chips, and a new front for corporate lobbying in Washington.

Memory chips store data in items as varied as smartphones and cars, and they are being snapped up by A.I. companies for use in giant data centers. The price of these key components has quadrupled over the past year, creating a problem for the White House, which has struggled to convince Americans that it has inflation under control.

Now, a wide range of industries,

including medical device makers, car manufacturers and consumer electronics companies like Apple, are asking for the government's help to get the chips they need.

The companies and their lobbyists have suggested a mix of solutions, some conventional and other highly interventionist, like federal policy that would push memory chip makers to allocate more chips to their industries, according to interviews with 10 people, many of whom spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly about those discussions.

Some have suggested that selling chips to a broader set of customers should be a condition for receiving money from the 2022

CHIPS and Science Art, a program to fund semiconductor research and manufacturing in the United States, three of these people said. Others have asked the Trump administration to use a Korean War-era law called the Defense Production Act to require allocation to industries outside of A.I., five people said.

"We're in what I would characterize as a 100-year flood on the memory pricing, with exponential increases in memory prices," Tim Cook, Apple's chief executive, said last month in an earnings call.

In a letter to Treasury Secretary Scott Bennett and Commerce Secretary Howard Lemick in June, a group of trade associations warned of "risks to large parts of

the economy" from an "urgent imbalance" in the memory chip market.

Memory chips are starting to add to inflation in the United States, said Diane Swoak, the chief economist for KPMG-15, an accounting firm. Shoppers are already cutting back on buying video game consoles, and more expensive electronics will probably follow, she said.

"The A.I. boom is so strong that it is holding up costs elsewhere," Ms. Swoak said.

It is unclear if the White House or the Commerce Department will intervene. Though eager to keep prices down, they are reluctant to CONTINUED ON PAGE B5

Meta Zags

By Unveiling Open Version Of A.I. Model

Zuckerberg argues that the U.S. needs to retain its primacy over China.

By ELI TAN

and MIKE ISKAC

SAN FRANCISCO — Last month, Mark Zuckerberg, Meta's chief executive, boldly came out in support of "open source" artificial intelligence models that are publicly available to download and modify without payment or approval. The way forward, he said, was through "openness and putting the power of tech into more people's hands, not levers."

On Monday, Mr. Zuckerberg doubled down on that support.

Meta released an open version of its most powerful A.I. model, Muse Spark. Called Muse Glimmer, it's nearly identical to Muse Spark and can generate rank, test and images. Muse Spark, which debated in July as a "closed" A.I. model that people say to access, will remain closed.

Muse Glimmer is an "open weights" model, which means its weights, or the underlying calculations that determine how the model works, are made public. It is not fully open source, which is when the entirety of the model's underlying rank is made public.

The new model was accompanied by a 14-page essay from Mr. Zuckerberg laying out his vision for A.I. The technology should not be fussed, he said, and the United States needs to retain its primacy over China in the A.I. race. Without naming Anthropic and Open-AI, the rival A.I. companies that have called far tight controls on the technology, he criticized their approaches, saying that concentrating A.I. power in the hands of just a few companies is hazardous.

"Rather than centralizing superintelligence, we should distribute it," Mr. Zuckerberg, 42, wrote CONTINUED ON PAGE B5

As Waymo

Expands, Snags Grow

By EMMY MARTIN

SAN FRANCISCO — On July 4, more than 100,000 people packed San Francisco's waterfront for a buggy fireworks show over the Golden Gate Bridge.

When they tried to go home, Waymo got in the way.

With crowds nailing around, Waymo's driverless cars blocked intersections and choked traffic. Some drivers were stuck behind the electric coke-taxis for more than three hours. Several Waymos had to be towed after their batteries died in the gridlock. At least two drove over exploding fireworks, with one catching fire.

Rose Peterson was inside the other. She and her fiancée had ordered a Waymo to return to their hotel. When the car stopped at an intersection, a man ran into the road, set a firework on the street and lit it. The Waymo drove forward, nailing over the firework as it exploded beneath the car.

"We were just in absolute shock," said Ms. Peterson, 34, who works in insurance in Walnut Creek, Calif. The car smelled like it was on fire, she said, but the Waymo was going back to market at another intersection. She and her fiancée then got out and walked the rest of the way to their hotel, turning what was supposed to be a fire-harden drive into an hourlong journey.

What Ms. Peterson experienced is what the driverless car industry calls an "edge case," which are the uncrupped situations that no one trained the robotaxis to handle. The problem is that edge cases appear to be piling up as Waymo, the leading autoimmune car service, rapidly expands.

CONTINUED ON PAGE B4

BUTY FINGER

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B2

6

THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

The Digest

MANUFACTURING

Bristol Myers Set to Build $2.3 Billion Mountain Size

Bristol Myers Squibb said on Monday that it would spend about $2.3 billion to build a new drug manufacturing facility in Houston, part of a previously announced $40 billion commitment to invest in the United States.

The new site will create nearly 500 skilled jobs, the New Jersey-based company said, Bristol said the project is expected to generate about 2,000 contractors and re-

lated jobs between 2027 and 2030. The site will be a roughly 600,000-square-foot campus designed to manufacture small-molecule medicines as well as more complex drugs like biologics and antibody-drug conjugates. It will be able to be expanded or reconfigured as pipeline needs change, the company said, adding that it expects the site to expand beyond its initial footprint over time.

Texas Governor Greg Abbott said the state has offered Bristol a $4.09 million Texas Enterprise Food grant and that the project qualifies for benefits. REUTERS

TECHNOLOGY

Intel Pluos Share Sale Of $55 Billion Amid Rally

Intel said on Monday that it was planning to steer $55 billion through a share sale, as it looks to fund the costly build-out of its chip contract manufacturing business by making in on a stock surge fueled by its turnaround efforts.

Once a dominant force in the global chip industry, Intel is investing heavily in new facilities and advanced packaging capabilities as it seeks to challenge industry leaders such as TDM2 in one new chip manufacturing.

Its shares fell more than 4 percent in costly trading. As of last close, the stock has nearly tripled this year, outperforming the rivals AMD and Nvidia, and the Phila-

delphia semiconductor Index's nearly 75 percent rise.

Analysts have said Intel's surging share price has increased the chances of an equity case to help fund its expansion. The shift toward A.1 has powered-demand for control processing units beyond Intel's manufacturing. REUTERS

MARKETS

Berkshire Shares Rise To Highest Since Buffett

Berkshire Hathaway shares rose on Monday to third highest level since Warren E. Buffett announced his departure as chief executive in May 2025, after his successor Greg Abel, began spending the complex with huge cash pile and financial results topped analyst's expectations.

Cash fell to $364.7 billion on June 30 from a record $360.2 billion three months earlier, Berk-

shire said in its quarterly report on Saturday Berkshire repurchased $4.3 billion of its own stock and bought $33.3 billion of other stocks during the second quarter, including a $30 billion investment in Google and Alphabet.

Berkshire spent at least $10.1 billion more cash in July on stock buybacks and the acquisition of the home builder Taylor Morrison.

Second-quarter spending profit rose 10 percent to $12.39 billion, as gains from railroad, service and insurance businesses offset rising accident claims and advertising spending at Geion. REUTERS

S&P 500 INDEX

-0.1%

7,750.11

DOW JOHNS AND FORDS

-0.1%

10,075.98

NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX

-0.3%

2,000.00

SAYSEAN TREASURY YIELD

-4.71%

10,083 points

CRUDE (BL 36.0.1)

$82.13

-$0.85

MADE IN A?

$4,419.70

-$20.00

Stocks & Bonds

Oil Prices Climb During a Stalemate in the Strait of Hormuz

By VERONICA MALBRO,

and JASON KUBLOUN

Oil prices rose on Monday as hopes demand for a breakthrough in the standard between the United States and has over the Strait of Hormuz. Iran and Oman recently indicated that they were near an agreement that would allow oil and other important commercial traffic to resume through the crucial waterway. But Iran has issued a long list of demands that it said would have to be met by the United States before ships could move from again, and it was clear that Tehran wanted to continue to use the strati as leverage. Mr. Trump told Azam on Sunday that he believed that Iran would eventually come around because of economic distress and inflation.

Oil prices rise.

• The price of Brent crude, the global benchmark for oil, claims nearly 5 percent to about $98 a barrel. The price of Bristol's 10 percent higher than it was just before the start of the war.

• The U.S. benchmark, West Texas Intermediate crude, also moved higher by 5 percent, to $82 a barrel.

• Investors and analysts are focused on the continued disruption to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. The market is also watching efforts by the Station-backed Health militia in Greece to restrict traffic in the Bah al-Masalah Strait at the southern end of the Red Sea, which Saudi Arabia has used as an alternative to the Strait of Hormuz.

Shipping traffic remains restricted.

• A modest number of vessels passed through the Strait of Hormuz over the weekend, continuing to run at a fraction of the prewar pace. About a dozen ships a day have navigated the strati recently, according to Kjær, a maritime data company. Before the war, an average of 130 ships used the

The S&P 500 Index

Position of the S&P 500 Index at 1-minute intervals on Monday

— Previous close: 7,757.64

route daily.

• Traffic through the Bah al-Masalah Strait has been stable, with an average of just under 40 ships a day from Friday to Sunday, per Kjær.

• On Saturday, the Emirest foreign emissary said an Iranian attack had targeted a tanker belonging to the state-owned Abu Dhabi National Oil Company as it crossed the Strait of Hormuz. The company had said that at least 10 of its vessels were attacked in the waterway since the conflict began, leading to one death and 26 injuries among crew members.

Stocks are muted.

• The S&P 500 was relatively flat, when markets closed for trading in the United States on Monday. The benchmark stock market index closed at a record high on Friday.

• In Europe, the Since 600, a broad index that tracks the output's largest companies, was flat.

• Stocks in Asia, where countries import vast quantities of oil and gas, were mostly up. Japan's Nikkei 225 rose more than 2 percent, while South Korea's KOSPI and Hong Kong's Hang Seng were

both up around 1 percent.

Gasoline prices dip.

• Gas prices fell slightly on Monday to a national average of about $4.95 a gallon, according to the AAA motor club. While prices have dropped by about 10 cents per gallon in the past week, drivers, on average, are still paying 10 percent more for gas than when the war began.

• The average price of diesel also fell slightly, to $3.30 per gallon, on Monday, but costs are still up 45 percent since the start of the war.

What they are saying: 'U.S. oil activity has continued to recover.'

• Data from the energy technology company Baker Hughes showed that the oil up count in the United States rose to the highest level since May 2025.

• Buyers are seeking alternative supply sources, elevating U.S. crude exports.

NEWSLITTER: DEALBANK

Deadbank helps you make sense of the day's most important business and policy headlines. Sign up for the newsletter at nytimes.com/dealbank

What Happened in Stock Markets Yesterday

S&P 500 7,755.11 / -0.1%

3 month performance +4.6%

Nasdaq Composite Index

3 month performance +1.2%

Dow Jones Industrials

3 month performance +8.6%

Best performers

S&P 500 COMPANIES	CLOSE CHANGE
1. Dandridge (D5000)	$280.78 +11.0%
2. RPP Corp. (RPR)	$93.65 +8.6
3. Hensley & Co. (HMC)	$200.28 +2.0
4. Warner Technologies (AWAS)	$117.05 +6.4
5. R&P (R&P) (RPR)	$101.48 +6.2
6. P&L (R&P) (RPR)	$280.24 +5.8
7. Santec (R&P) (RPR)	$108.07 +5.8
8. TR (R&P) (RPR)	$215.02 +5.7
9. Veritas (R&P) (RPR)	$103.65 +5.8
10. Valero Energy (VEC)	$314.89 +5.8

Worst performers

S&P 500 COMPANIES	CLOSE CHANGE
1. Gennaro (G5040)	$333.13 +14.2%
2. Loneview Holdings (LTR)	$81.53 +8.0
3. Hensley & Co. (HMC)	$287.25 +8.2
4. North Andover (WGN)	$181.18 +5.0
5. Schmitz (RJR)	$157.75 +4.8
6. Marvel Technology (MVC)	$208.00 +5.0
7. Sauerland Airlines (LTC)	$14.80 +5.0
8. United Airlines Holdings (UK)	$123.78 +5.0
9. Ford State (FSAT)	$138.20 +5.2
10. Central Corp. (CEL)	$37.75 +5.0

Most active

S&P 500 COMPANIES	CLOSE CHANGE	SHARE SHARE
1. H&R (HACA)	$317.55 +2.8%	1.13
2. Intel (HTC)	$87.52 +4.1	1.09
3. Warner Technologies (WGN)	$175.25 +1.8	1.08
4. The State Bank (CTC)	$13.89 +5.0	1.08
5. Super West (Gennaro, GWIC)	$51.49 +2.1	1.05
6. Pfizer Inc. (PPS)	$27.05 +1.1	1.07
7. Apple (AHC)	$108.20 +1.0	1.03
8. AT&T Inc. (T)	$24.65 +1.1	1.03
9. Ford Motor (F)	$14.85 +0.1	1.03
10. Amazon.com (AMTN)	$278.00 +1.0	1.03

Specialty stocks and commodities

	TOTAL RETURN	TOTAL ASSETS
	1-9	0-950
1. Seagood International Technology States Fund Accrual Shares (STAS)	-15.7%	-17.8%
2. Seagood Real Estate (Inter-Fundamarket Shares (ISER))	-13.0	-5.0
3. Fidelity Market Communications Portfolio (FIPR)	-81.3	-95.0
4. Seagood Health Care Fund (Investor Shares (HSFAS))	-28.0	-5.1
5. Fidelity Market Technology Fund (Spec M-FITAN)	-43.0	-56.0
6. Dukesha (Belgium Technology and Information Fund Institutional Glass (EIGF))	-45.7	-53.8
7. Seagood Health Care Fund (Innovational) (HSID)	-28.4	-5.1
8. National Market Special Income (Spec No (NSID))	-4.0	-5.0
9. I. Power Price Surveys and Technology Fund (Tibec (TIBS))	-35.8	-14.0
10. I. Power Price Health Sciences Fund (Tibec (TIBS))	-10.0	-5.0
	Source: Morningstar

Seeler performance

S&P 500 REUTERS

How stock markets trend yesterday in Asia

What Is Happening in Other Markets and the Economy

Basic

Consumer

Consumer rates

Commodities

Own price per tonne)

Economy

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THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

B3

SOCIAL MEDIA | TECHNOLOGY | AVIATION

A Trump's Truth Social Double-Digit Declines In Traffic This Summer

By Andrius Lambricht, President Trump is a commanding prowess on Truth Social, the platform he co-founded in 2022. But despite the fervent media attention that his policy pronounces more and perceived about us the one about the truth of the social media platform has fallen sharply this summer.

Last month, the overall number of monthly reasons to Truth Social was down from 30 percent from a year ago, according to estimates by the online tracking firm Similarwith. Monthly visitors to the site fell by a slightly greater amount in June, compared with last year. By contrast, bigger social media platforms like E-mail Threads have posted higher numbers of visits this summer.

Similarwith, which is a widely cited provider of internet traffic analytics, found that for the first seven months of 2025, the average number of monthly visits to Truth Social has been 30.4 million over the same period this year, the number was 25 million.

"I have been following traffic to Truth Social for years, and I am in the art of you by the time point of the plunge," said Howard Pettilin,

A steep plunge comes at a critical time for its parent company.

who publishes a newsletter called the flagging, which tracks the right-wing news media. "When you think we have much Trump seen Truth Social as a megaphone you would think the numbers would be skyrocketing."

A Truth Social spokesman decries the comment on the traffic. "The traffic at Truth Social is changing at a critical time for its parent company, Trump Media & Technology. Young, which has been a major business group public in March 2024, the company has reported losses every quarter, it did so again Monday."

Trump Media said in an earnings release that it had posted a net loss of $238.1 million in the second quarter, which ended on June 20. The company attributed much of the quarterly loss to a decline in the value of its substantial investment in cryptocurrency and other digital assets.

A little over a year ago, Trump Media invented more than $15 million in the past year, which creates in the value of the cryptocurrency. But Bitcoin prices have tumbled over the past year, reducing the market value of the company's investment. This year alone, Bitcoin is down more than 25 percent in value.

The company's share of earnings did have one bright spot. The company said it had nearly 41.7 million in revenues in the period, an increase of 80 percent from a year ago, which led to Trump Media's revenues to date have come from advertising on Truth Social and related products.

Last month, the company rolled down a price of $1.4M that three traders instantaneous access to 98. Trump's posts on Truth Social in what was widely seen as a

human-inogen researcher on edge in buying and selling stocks and other widely traded markets. Trump Media is charging firms up to $100,000 a month for this instant look at 98. Trump's posts.

The new product has drawn controversy and concern that 98. Trump is trying to generate revenues by nonrecurring his policy prowess. "I want not to be prior to boost Trump Media's sagging stock price. Some firmsecrets on Capani Hill have said the sale of credit money comes a conflict of interest and gives traders willing to pay for it an unfair advantage in the nation's stock, commodity and possibly prediction markets."

In a conference call on Monday, Kevin McClure, the company's interim chief executive, said Trump Media had signed up more than 10 customers, mostly trading firms for the fast food of the Truth Social posts. But he said the company was also having conversations with several new organizations.

The industry's major concern is that the fast food product was unplaced. He said customers were simply getting access to "publicly available price" low "businessful" faster than everyone else. He said this was a "well-established business practice."

Trump Media is betting that more trading firms will want than at access to Truth Social gives the ability of the president's posts to move markets.

An analysis by Panditron, an investment research firm, suggests that 98. Trump's Truth Social posts have played a big role in market swings. The president's report has to an and off the platform coincided with both the five have and five worst days of the S&P 500 for the period since he returned to office, the analysis found.

"We have never in history, going back to 1996, had a president that has had a hand in the stock markets' top five days and worst five days," said Debbie Singh, an executive director of the Stock On Fair of these days, the market movements followed 98. Trump's posts about the Iran war or tariffs.

98. Trump has no formal position with the company, but his oldest son, Donald Trump Jr., is a board member who also oversees a trust that controls the president's nearly 10 million dollars in Trump Media.

99. Trump's stake in the company is valued at roughly $1.1 billion based on Monday's closing date, prior of 2015. Shares of Trump Media have fallen about 80 percent since it went public.

In April, Trump Media started its chief executive, David Jones's former Republican congressman from California and replaced him on an interim basis with Mr. McClure, a former chair executive who has been advising Trump Media since 2024.

Over the past two years, Trump Media has announced a number of initiatives to change its fortunes, including a merger with the Technologies, a liaison power company. The companies have said they expect the deal, which could be a standard source on the Trump Media, to close this year.

This change are Daniel Lefranc's contributed reporting.

Land in Chip, N.Y., dated for semiconductor factories. The Bales and Trump administrations have tried to get chip makers to expand in the United States.

A Rush to Lobby Over an A.I. Chip Crunch

PRIOR FIRST BUSINESS PAGE

driven memory chips away from data sources that are helping the United States maintain an chip-over China in A.I.

Rush Denz, a White House spokesman, said domestic semiconductor manufacturing was a top priority for President Trump, and his policies had secured hundreds of billions of dollars of its revenue. "I don't know," said Denz.

Memory chip makers like Micron Technology, Samsung and SK Hynix are also seeking help to increase their production, faster of the companies for their chip and grow for another release of fund-raising, similar to the CEHTA Act. They have also asked the government to relax environmental regulations to entry the market new U.S. facilities, three people said.

Micron has pledged more than $250 billion to the U.S. memory sector, the largest investment of its kind, and Marble Shasta, a executive vice president at the company. He added that constructing chip factories in the United States was larger than any one of the major U.S. money's needed to streamline permitting and software its work force.

"This is something that's going to take a concerted effort from the manufacturers as well as the suppliers as well as the government," Mr. Shasta said.

Other memory chip makers like Samsung and SK Hynix, which are based in Saudi Korea, produce a majority of their chips in South Korea and China. Representatives of these companies and the customers have dialed the idea of increasing production in their Chinese manufacturing facilities to respond to the shortage, two people said.

Both the Bales and Trump administration have tried to encourage chip makers to expand in the United States. Micron, Samsung and SK Hynix have all committed hundreds of billions of dollars over the next few years to expand production in the United

Marble Shasta, an executive vice president at Micron Technology, said a different state than 2200 billion in the memory sector, the largest of its kind.

States and elsewhere. But the facilities are extremely expensive and take years to construct.

Shortages in the industry will continue for the next two years, said Dan Kim, a chief strategy officer at the research firm TechInsights who worked on chip strategy in the Bales administration. There is "almost no ceiling," he said, to the price that A.I. companies will pay for memory chips. That's not the case for other businesses.

"Yes, the prices of your iPhone are going up," Mr. Kim said. "We'll also provide the prices of your W.R.I. machines may go up, or never than that, that W.R.I. machines may not get made."

That said, chip makers don't want the government to be too assertive. In July, SEIRI, an industry trade association, argued against intervention that would influence how many chip makers picked or allocated. The group recommended using trade deals to increase production, cutting supply and use and extending a tax credit meant to encourage domestic manufacturing.

SK Hynix said in a statement that it was "pushing to maximize

production to fully meet surplus demand, and would increase its capital expenditure by 30 percent this year."

Apple declined to comment, and following did not respond to a request for comment.

Apple, which has cited the memory chip shortage for recent prior increases, is working with other consumer electronics companies to push for permission to use memory chips from China, which focus certain restrictions, seven people said.

Apple was recalled in 2023 to buy memory chips from Yangtze Memory Technologies Corporation, or YMTC, but those efforts funded under pressure from U.S. lawmakers.

Many officials appear unprejudiced to Apple's desire to buy Chinese chips, because the consumer has promised for years to pay more or to apply chain to the United States but has made using small maps several that goes, hear people said. Other critics of the plan said that China is not an important one. "We're not a crunch, and had proved itself to be a chip," suggests when it went into its mineral experts last year.

Micron, which manufactures memory chips in the United States, Japan and Taiwan, has posted far more restrictions for Chinese competitors, arguing that buying chips from China would hurt U.S. production, two people said.

Clerk Miller, the author of "Chip War," said buying more chips from China came with a big chip. The company said that the big chip was recently lock in more market share and "open the door for long- or even dependency risks."

The United States has created a new U.S. consumer-to-wholesaler industry in recent years, believing it is helping to advance the Chinese industry. In 2023, the Bales administration added YMTC to the U.S. "baby biz," which restricts access to American technology. U.S. officials have also considered adding another Chinese chip maker, Changilin Memory Technologies, or CSMC in the entity list. Both companies appear on a list that have their chips from products that are sold to the government.

Apple's renewed push to buy memory chips from China has prompted a backlash from lawmakers. In July, a bipartisan group of senators urged the company to commit to not using Chinese memory.

The water month, Representatives John Moorman, Republican of Michigan and chair of the House Select Committee on China, and George Whitesides, Democrat of California, sent a letter to Mr. Lunnick, urging the Commerce Department to add CSMC to the entity list and to provide American companies from buying from companies on the list.

"Dependence on Chinese memory manufacturers creates an unacceptable risk for U.S.-insured security, economic security and supply chain security," they wrote.

Kathy Huang reported from San Francisco, and Ken Sweeney from Washington.

Metal Releases an Open Version of Its A.I. Model

PRIOR FIRST BUSINESS PAGE

in the essay, which he titled "The Future Is for Everyone," he added, "This has the potential to begin to give you of personal empowerment."

Metal now model is likely to add to a contentious Silicon Valley debate over the direction of A.I. development. A company said that OpenAI have argued that A.I. should be restricted because it is dangerous and needs to be safely developed in a constant fashion. But the second issue, Microfiber, Google and others have backed open-source, saying the technology must be freely available on that people can further develop A.I. data. Company said.

The debate was turbocharged last month when Chinese start-ups released powerful open-A.I. models that appeared in the home the first time to develop. But the U.S. companies, Officials in Washington because undecided in the debate, with OpenAI and a complex swings concerns about the development of a new model with regulators, while Nvidia and others pushed against restrictions.

After the New York Times has used OpenAI to use the Internet, claiming copyright infringement of news articles. The two companies have denied the claims.

Metal has long supported open-source A.I. and was for years one

In an essay he titled "The Future Is for Everyone," Mark Zuckerberg said that "rather than controlling superintelligence, we should distribute it."

of the few American tools giants to give away their top A.I. models for free. That changed last spring, after 100xAAI behind Authorips and OpenAI to the A.I. was it began developing a closed A.I. model instead.

That model, Muse Spark, was developed under Autorush Wang, 20, an A.I. entrepreneur whose data have been put to be its chief A.I. officer. The company began selling access to Muse Spark for the first time last month. Last week, Meta also released Muse Code, a stand-alone coding assist-

ant powered by Muse Spark.

Muse Spark does not perform as well as leading A.I. models from Authorips and OpenAI on resources such as coding, reasoning and writing, according to trade/health that track A.I. benchmarks. Meta has positioned the model as a cheaper alternative to its rivals.

That strategy is similar to that of Chinese A.I. companies and their inexpensive open-source models. The Chinese models have become increasingly popular in the United States as companies

seek to cut their A.I. bills, as well as in developing nations such as Kenya and Uganda.

In his essay, Mr. Zuckerberg also expanded on Meta's vision for superintelligence, which includes giving people personal 'agencies' the A.I. beta that can 'work in.' In your behalf to improve your confidence, health, career, finances, home management, kinetics, and more.

His 8-year-old daughter has been using A.I. to code and create videos, he added, and he is using A.I. with her to design a video. "Everyone will want have more than superpowers," Mr. Zuckerberg said.

China has advantages in the A.I. race. Mr. Zuckerberg added, such as the ability to build data sources and analyze power facilities quickly and with fewer regulators. He added for a few process for government oversight of A.I. development, and defended distillation, a practice in which A.I. data can rival models to help train their own data. The said 8-woodi create A.I. billion food to invest in communities where its data centers were built.

In the coming months, Meta plans to create a coding app A.I. model, internally called Watermelon, that will be more powerful than Muse Spark. Mr. Zuckerberg delves out if the model would be open or closed.

Boeing to Sell 3 Subsidiaries Working on Autonomous Flight

By NIKIA CHOKHUI

Boeing is selling from subsidiaries working on autonomous flights to Archer missions, one of a bunch of companies racing to bring small electric aircraft to market, to exchange. Boeing will receive a nearly 163 percent stake in Archer and other benefits.

Archer announced the deal on Monday, saying that it would require Boeing's Work Area and, which is developing an electric, autonomous air unit. (Archer, which is working on an automated air traffic management system, and Texas, which is developing automated aircraft for military airports.

Archer itself is developing patent electric aircraft capable of taking the first leading workday like a helicopter, for both commercial and defence uses. The deal is expected to close by the end of the year, pending regulatory approval.

"This is a watershed measure for Archer and the future of physical A.I. in aerospace and defence," Adam Goldstein, the company's founder and chief executive, said in a statement. "This is the next big step forward in becoming a diversified platform, rapidly growing our revenue base and bringing scale to our business."

What, and Archer were one-time rivals. In 2022, the two companies agreed to end a bitter legal dispute in which What accrued Archer of sending proprietary information. As part of that agreement, Boeing invented an undisclosed amount in Archer.

What was formed in 2018 as a 2018 Air Ship between Boeing and Kelly Hawk, a company backed by Google's co-founder Larry Page. After a series of crises beginning in 2018, Boeing has spent the last 10 years investing an in-car businesses.

In addition to the nearly 16.5 percent stake in Archer, Boeing will get the opportunity to buy up a $200 million of Archer's electrical, power prices over the next few years, and a seat on Archer's hand. The companies will advertise into a technology-sharing agreement under which Boeing will keep access to What's autonomous flight technology for its own commercial and military aircraft.

"This transaction is a win-win for Boeing and Archer," Brian Yutko, a Boeing vice president and former chief executive of World Trade Industries. "Having worked with the incredible teams in these companies firsthand, it's clear this transaction will create an industry leader in the advanced aviation market."

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B4

AUTOMOTIVE | RETAIL

As Waymo Expands, 'Edge Cases' Grow

room were the current ever

Owned by Google's partner, Kightner, Waymo has more than quadrupled the number of autonomous cars it has on the road to make it 6000 today, up from about 700 cars, and over 20 million cars now in 15 metro areas, having gone fully down from 10.5metres. Las Vegas, San Diego and Tampa to the past month alone. Each of these passengers pay for about half a million trips.

And that growth, Waymo has meant three federal recalls since December he software problems including one where the road drove into flooded roadways – compared with three recalls in the previous 12 months. Some way cases have drawn headlines, including a November power outage in San Francisco that left nearly 1,000 Waymo drivers for at least two minutes.

More cars in more cities mean more chances to meet something the technology has never seen. That's hard to fix because the cars often do not recognize they are in trouble and so do not respond help, said Philip Magness, a Carnegie Mellon University emeritus professor who specializes in autonomous vehicles.

"This technology struggles to know when it's in a secret situation," Dr. Magness said. "And when it's in a novel situation, it's present in overconfidence and jamsiscally stupid failure." Waymo's answer has not been to solve the underlying problems, but it is not to load control of the car in a remote human operator.

Saidy Katz, a Waymo spokeswoman, said the recent recalls were proactive moves and the rate of edge cases was decreasing as the company expands, adding that "the ones that do occur in force ongoing improvements."

The pace of driverhood has seen fast quickened, acknowledged Franklin Trujillo, who leads the Waymo team that orchestrates expansion into new cities. The company can move home into cities because the software it developed is one place surrounding the new cities and one defined having to be increased for each in size. In said

Waymo's goal is for its technical help to handle edge cases "regardless of what the car is doing." Mr. Trujillo said, the potential to the company's safety record that showed 84 percent fewer serious injury crashes than human drivers, adding, "we're constantly learning, constantly improving our product."

For now, Waymo's incidents have put the company in the cross hairs of officials and regulators.

Bild Mahmoud, a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors who has been on tour to get home after the July 4 fireworks, demanded last month that the city's emergency management, fire and transportation departments engage in the operation of the event. Mayor Daniel Lutz also wrote to California transportation secretary asking the state to set operational standards for driverhood and training against events and emergencies, saying "regulating for typical conditions is no longer enough."

On July 26, Mr. Lutz backed federal legislation to set a small require driverless car companies to call a hotline for emergency responders and driver regulators to write a comment standard for how emergency demand workers can move a robo-raid.

Waymo driverless cars are in San Francisco and 15 other metropolitan areas, including Las Vegas and Tampa, Fla.

Elliot Shale and his fiancée were in a Waymo in May when it entered a closed base in a highway construction zone.

Jonathan Morrison, the administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, also wrote in a July 6 letter that the agency had identified "a clear picture" of autonomous vehicles interfering with the police, firefighters and paramedics. "Emergency scenes are not sure or no, it never 'edge cases," he wrote.

Mr. Morrison has summoned driverless car companies to meet high to present facts. His agency has started developing federal safety standards for driverless cars. Sam Ruddens, a VHTSA spokesman, said the agency had already met with several driverless car developers.

Waymo's failures were themselves, said Matthew Radhana, who leads research on policy and autonomous vehicles at the University of California, Berkeley. Two of thousands of people converging at a transition or a festival is just another normal weekend in a big city, he said.

"Some of the things that we're calling edge cases are edge cases for autonomous vehicles, but not necessarily edge cases for transportation," he said.

Elliot Shale, U. A San Francisco resident, was recently involved in such a case the and his fiancée were riding in a Waymo bank in the city from an event in nearby

San Mateo, Calif., in May when the car entered a construction zone that had closed the right lane of the highway.

"The car began driving like a 'highspeed animal,' like black-and, swerving through traffic crews and accelerating is highway speed in the closed lane. It then wows past a truck and weds are as California Highway Board officers hit their shoes and cleaned," they, Waymo.

"We were breaking out," Mr. Slade said, adding that he placed his arm across his fiancée's chest. "Just in case we cradled a car, we're pressed a button in the car so red for support but no one answered until the vehicle ended the highway as its own. The couging got out of the Waymo and then took an Uber the rest of the way home.

Woske later, Waymo recalled the software on some cars for ensuring throwup more than a season and pulled its vehicles off highways while creating a fix. The company resumed throwing rooms last last month in Los Angeles, Miami, Phoenix and the San Francisco Bay Area.

For San Francisco's July 4 fireworks, Waymo had appeared propped. The company sent an employee to the city's Emergency Operations Center that evening

and agreed to restrict where others could haul its cars. Waymo also had a room that could take unusual control of much vehicles, said Dean Crippen, San Francisco's fire chief.

Yet more than two hours before the 9:30 p.m. fireworks show began, reports of stalled Waymos reached the center. Several of these cars ran out of battery power, but two trucks were unable to reach them because of the traffic. The Waymos were not cleared for two hours, according to a letter from San Francisco's emergency management department.

Waymo's Ms. Karp said that the July 4 traffic studio "were caused by a number of factors" and that Waymo "came/heard" is not greatest in the Federal neighbor-based San Francisco, adding that the company's roadside assistance team worked with local authorities to clear the vehicles.

Waymo was a major driver for the Francisco is in October, when the U.S. Navy's Blue Angel's late over the sky for the annual Fleet Week air show, which is expected to again draw crowds in the waterfront.

Stephen Sherrill, a member of the City of Board of Supervisors, has called for a leap. I learned to better understand the approach to address Waymo failures.

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Still Wearing Sneakers To Work? Are You Old?

By CALUM MARSHI

Ben Krisi, a men's fashion writer, remember the game at which the sneakers, he were in the office on longer seemed sad.

"All the older guys at the office started wearing sneakers with their sad cressors and quiet jackets," said Krisi, who was then in his 20s. So he spend to distinguish himself — by donating a pair of baffled and burnished jackets.

Krisi is, by profession, geared toward staying ahead of the trends. But young people in workplaces everywhere are catching up to him.

After years of flagrantly casual office attire that followed workers back to the office after the pandemic, young people are now increasingly going in the opposite direction, turning up for work to dress shoes.

Earlier this year, Esquire described the trend as the before. "My generation's old," "the old," "the younger consumers," "were bypassing sneakers in growing numbers," said in January. The "old" was "the older," 2026 "the year of the baker." Decline and outlook have also unexpectedly become big.

A few more time, wearing sneakers to work — whether the upscale brands like A.P.C., Common Projects, Zygos and Malone Marapita or the classic Adidas and Nike — has become a sign of something that entirely.

"It's the classic generation's reaction: If your base comes to wearing sneakers, the natural reaction is to do something 60-70mm," Krisi said. "It's this what happened with jeans."

While the office speaker might still seem to some a way to model only break между business-attire rules, younger workers have been clear on the point: Kicks at work now scan an uncool.

Big smoker brands are feeling the pain. So a January report, Mark of America concluded that the smoker industry was entertained by the following groups and possibly decline, even down: grading Adidas, maker of their tinship, by two notches to a "soft" rating.

The surging interest in formal footwear fashions has simultaneously been a keen lot that "ground luxury retailers and heritage brands with classic short offerings, like Allen Edmonds, the Wisconsin-based retailer." Krisi Wearing the brand's on-rolling creative director, said that they have "smoother" and "smoother" to be the most popular, their handmade leather baskets and derities among younger customers.

"Smokers' dentment for a long time and they are not going anywhere," he said. "But a group maker or derby works in a more modern way. But the smoker is a place. Classic shoes tend to do that better than anything else."

Even smoker brands are trying to hit more throesy from den Duster, the sense director of customer community and one gagement at the footwear resale are knock, said that while smokers are not having a long time has brought formal styles back to the office, it's a little more nuanced than just consumers giving up sneakers to go to the office. In fact, he says, "smoker brands themselves are absorbing formal aesthetics," releasing more formal versions of their own ballpark shoes.

Press services in whistles are classic Mary Jane in 2025, both Adidas and Nike have released low-profile ballet fairs, and a number of the top sports brands have gained in a year. In earlier shows that skirt the line between smoker and nonsmoker, which is a major factor.

"I think the appetite for nonsmoking different, and in many cases dresses, is real," Duster said, but some consumers are not looking for it through smoker brands.

His product in the New Balance 2000L, its "smokier basket" as a case in paper, floated has seen a lot of new products. 2,000 sales in 2000 model ones it was introduced last year. Through some critics will claim that the so-called "smokier" was a flop.

The first thing right now is something we've seen before," said Matt Ruffalo, the founder and chief executive of Nira Kicks, a media company that has been smokier called for that, since about 2021, in offices of over America, "we've had this quiet hours, bother hacks, grow up as thing." But he predicted that the new past, younger consumers would eventually move to smokier's new.

Now, in 2020, the entire style editor at the event wear range also did, said Deathnak that after the pandemic, "people just wanted to find a little more dressed and put together," partic-

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idarly at the office.

"I think over the last half decade or so we've seen more and more young men investing in their clothes after the fall," Goh said. So much to that in one story he (a) be recently edited, a story said he (a) was a very good guy for leaders. He'd noticed all the guys he was with were wearing matching shoes.

How to Build an A.C.C.E.O.

Artificial intelligence wasn't quite cool yet in 2017 when Sam Pasqualak said his A.C. start up Manuals in Microsoft he 1000 years ago. A.C. is no even. C.E.O.6 kps, and Pasqualak is not important.

"Everyone's no excited with the A.C software engineer," he said. "But it's not real."

For his new start-up, Pasqualak and his co-founders, Scott Pasqualak and Kelley Kishman, have set their rights instead re-committing that is well-defined and logical than programming. Feeling the whole business is bad, company, McCall is aims to automate the role of C.E.O. And it's currently dropping for a handful of answers—a new era (class) companies — to suffer under these circumstances via the cloud — to test their technology.

Pasqualak spoke with Sarah Kessler about the idea.

What makes marketing a C.E.O. difficult?

Large language models will never be able to plan as a longer horizon because they're based on the need production. A C.E.O does a lot of high-stakes decision making under uncertainty. And how can it change efficiency?

Sample efficiency?

The human-under-germin at like 20 watts as least, he is 400 west hours in 30 hours. For an average of 1,000 watts, he is 400 might require a thousand watt-hours. I think that's extremely inefficient and expensive.

So in order to circumvent these problems, we have met research focuses. One is world modeling, and one is renowned learning.

Your first environment for having A.C at business building was the game Editor Counter Person. Now you want to buy businesses to use an expert

meets. How is this going? A C.E.O. is a good idea. Origin of closing the first Sauk acquisition, she served to buy a bunch of companies by the end of August.

We're going to platforms like a square.com, TrustWith and others — where you can buy micro Sauk businesses. And they are the first to use the C.E.O. that thousand in annual recurring revenue, because we don't want to spend more than a million dollars in the experiences now.

We're going to get more money, we're going to go to $10 million in a $100 million businesses.

What will the process look like to make buy this company?

We want to move from the on-joke experience to a fully independent experience, like how I interact with my managers or my researchers or my employees. They are able to carry out the entire tasks and to end with our car being involved.

With the businesses we are acquiring right now, we don't want the employees to be there, or to have minimal involvement, to basically we would be setting the revenue goal, and the company should begin out, how do I run the go-to-marker channels? What should be the exact

customer acquisition channels that should be running? Do I need to do product releases, means if the sales are not going at low on possible?

It has to make all the decisions that a C.E.O. would make for your specific start-up. And so a new, smartest and easy business, but that's the challenge.

What is left for business to do?

Human relationships within work can never be operational, but it don't think A.C. can motivate employees.

But will there be employees to motivate in the vision of this autonomous company?

What first business is to try trying to automate will have, let's say, only one to three employees or something like that.

But this will demonstrate the technology we have to operate can be an entrepreneur.

If you have an A.C.C.E.O. that has the full year in the Internet tasks, then almost everyone in the world can be an entrepreneur. That unlocks economic value and for the entire world as a much bigger scale than it is right now.

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9

B5

Commercial Real Estate

In areas that lack inexpensive housing, schools districts have begun working with developers to provide subsidized homes on excess land. L1V1A Scrigge Ranch is San Diego has 99 such apartments on units for educators and staff.

To Teachers, 'A' Stands for Affordable Housing

New homes are being built on school districts' land to combat a crisis and keep educators close.

Square Feet

By PATRICK STERN

Carolina Sanchez Garcia, a teacher at Rosa Parks Elementary in San Diego, used to wake up at 3 a.m. to leave enough time to drive to work as her children slept in the bank seat.

Housing in Southern California was so expensive that she was living in Tijuana, Mexico, and commuting up to four hours, which included crossing the border, to get to work.

Then in 2023, Mr. Garcia got a break. She won a housing lottery to live in a subsidized, three-bedroom apartment at L1V1A Scrigge Ranch, a 30.6-unit multifamily development on the site of a former school. The complex, built by the real estate investment firm Monarch Group on land owned by local school districts, has over 50 subsidized apartments set aside for educators and other staff members working at schools in the area.

Mr. Garcia, who pays $1,500 a month for a three-bedroom apartment that would typically go for $4,500 in the area, called it a "retrache." She has a 12-minute commute, a nearby school for her children, new appliances and a lot more energy at work.

"As a teacher, it has impacted me tremendously," Mr. Garcia, 42, said. "I have extra time to plan. And so a store, I have less stress and worry."

As housing remains scarce and is constantly expensive, there and many across the country have been looking for ways to help essential workers like educators afford to live near where they work. Assistance and allowances toward housing, grown on down payments and rents at below market rates are just more of those solutions.

School districts in California, Texas and Florida are among those actively pursuing developers to turn their excess land and unused or underutilized facilities into subsidized housing. The partnerships differ by state and district, depending on property taxes, tax incentives and financing, but the developer is typically responsible for construction and other upfront costs while schools provide the land.

Subsidized housing can be an attractive restraining strategy for schools in areas with high housing costs. It can also offer schools an additional revenue stream on student enrollment declines because of falling birthrates, the immigration crackdown and other factors.

In California, one of the most expensive places to live in the country, the San Diego Unified School District said this year that it would earn six sites occupied by former administrative buildings into roughly 2,500 apartments for teachers, the largest project of six lives in the country.

The developers who submitted the winning bids, which often include child care centers and playgrounds, will sign 99 year leases and keep the units at football through the might of the agreement. The apartments are expected to welcome their first owners in 2030, said Lee Dalgeroff, senior executive director for facilities planning and construction of the district. Across the state, roughly 925 such units have been completed, with 300 more under construction.

A three-bedroom apartment in the part of San Diego where Carolina Sanchez Garcia, left, works as a teacher normally costs $4,500 a month. At L1V1A Scrigge Ranch, Mr. Garcia instead pays $1,500 for an equivalent apartment with enough space for her family. She calls it a "retrache." Top right, at home with her daughters, from left, Edwards, Berthaboda and Kakin.

Thousands of new homes can "shift the entire rental housing market for San Diego," said Kyle Weinberg, a special education teacher and president of the San Diego Education Association union, which has more than 4,000 members who are educators and support personnel.

Mr. Weinberg said his school district had rolling vacancies for special education positions for the past seven years. Even after adding stipends and increasing salaries by 20 percent, the district was never able to hire enough staff.

"We have to look outside the box," Mr. Weinberg said, "and offering affordable housing is equivalent to a pay increase."

Nearly 200 local education agencies in the state are said to be exploring their portfolios and considering development, quadruple the number four years ago, according to data provided by the California School Boards Association. Affordable housing advocates believe that more of these projects will break ground in the coming years because of the growing need for housing and the surfeit of school land left from a time when districts had more students.

And unlike other parts of the country, California passed laws that allow school district developments to reserve housing for teachers and other staff members. (Fair housing laws, especially for developments using public funding,

usually restrict reserving homes for any specific groups to avoid being discriminatory.)

Dana Cull, a U.C.L.A. architectural professor focused on affordable housing who runs the cityLAB research center, has written reports on teacher housing projects. She said efforts to educate school districts about the intricacies and financial models behind development opportunities, like the ones run by the California School Boards Association, were helping educators handle housing development deals. CityLAB is also working with community institutions in health care. like Cedars-Sinai hospitals, to find ways they can use their land to develop work force housing in a similar fashion.

"What we're seeing in California is a lot of different models and experiments," said Harold Freiman, a lawyer at Lozano Smith who helps public school districts in California with real estate issues. "It's actually very exciting right now."

But ensuring these projects work for developers while navigating funding issues, subsidy levels and neighborhood pushback remains difficult. Unions that represent teachers and other school employees want to make sure that their members want the lot off from affordability limits imposed by public funding. Experienced teachers often make too much money to qualify

for subsidized housing.

And some residents near the sites have concerns with subsidized housing, including declines in property value, the loss of historic school architecture or the end of access to campus parks and open spaces.

At the same time, developers typically say they can achieve higher profits with more, smaller units. But school districts want complexes with fewer, larger units that can accommodate teachers with children who increase the student population.

"The challenge with this work is all the federal, state and local laws that you have to navigate," Mr. Freiman said. "We're all building the plans while we're flying it."

In Texas, the NHP Group, a national apartment developer, recently broke ground at an 18-acre former school site in East Austin with plans to replace it with 675 apartments. The Austin Independent School District will grant NHP a 99-year lease, and the developer will take on the district's property tax on supplies on that it can build more affordable units. The developer told The New York Times that affordability would remain in place as long as the property continued to receive tax on emptiness. NHP plans to give early access to the district's staff.

The district's superintendent, Matias Segura, said a third of staff members

live outside the district because of costs. "I believe every resource that we have, whether it's money or time or real estate, should be leveraged to support the core competency of the organization: education," he said.

The district, which has an enrollment of roughly 72,000 children, has not about 18,000 students in the past decade and is worried about further declines. It agreed to lower lease payments from NHP so that it would include more new and three-bedroom units into the development.

And in Florida, 10 districts in the state have used or are actively pursuing the use of district-owned land for work force and affordable housing, according to the Florida Housing Coalition. That fully includes an effort by the national developer Related Urban Development Group to transform the U.R.E. Lee Education Center, a vocational and special education site in South Miami, into a mixed-use complex with 355 residential units as well as office space and an educational facility for early-childhood programming. The group plans to break ground early next year.

"There's certainly a lot more red tape, because this is a private real estate development on public educational land," said Albert Milo Jr., president of the Related Urban Development Group. "But this is a win-win scenario."

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B6

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

Sports

The New York Times

BASEBALL

COMMENTARY

Windows

To Win It All Are Fleeting.

Teams

Need to Act Like It.

TORONTO BLUE JAYS

Won the A.L. last year, stood pat, and were in last at the 2026 trade deadline.

THE NEW YORK TIMES, AUGUST 11, 2026

SAN DIEGO PADRES

A small-market team that takes risks every year in an attempt to win.

By BRITTANY GHIROLI

The Athletic

Remember the 2021 Toronto Blue Jays? They were talented, full of potential and supposed to usher in the next long competitive window of Canadian baseball. Instead, the team fired its manager in-season, blew an 8-1 lead in Game 2 of an American League wild-card series and was swept out of the postseason by the Seattle Mariners.

Toronto went nine years between M.L.B. playoff wins, from 2016 until last year's magical run to the World Series, which featured a roster very different from the one three years before. Still, the 2025 Blue Jays looked poised for sustained success and largely ran back the same group that fell just short of the ultimate prize. The Blue Jays, though, found themselves in last place at this year's trade deadline, working to balance selling and buying.

That's the thing about windows. They don't always cooperate. Sometimes, they never truly open at all, like the Chicago White Sox' last rebuild. Chris Getz, promoted in general manager in 2021, then orchestrated his own painful rebuild. Chicago is now somewhat surprisingly atop the A.L. Central, and Getz told reporters last week: "I don't take any of this for granted. You can't assume that you're going to be in these positions every year."

And yet some front offices act as if they do, as if their sophisticated models are the only outcome and not a singular idea of a future that has thousands of potential outcomes, as if this sport isn't a volatile mix of regression, injuries and educated guesses on human beings and their potential.

On the fourth anniversary of Mike Elias, the president of the Baltimore Orioles, telling fans it was "time for liftoff," he dealt his first No. 1 draft pick, catcher

Continued on Page B9

Brittany Ghiroli is a senior M.L.B. writer for The Athletic.

'You can't assume that you're going to be in these positions every year.'

CHRIS GETZ, general manager of the Chicago White Sox.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, AUGUST 1, 2020

9

B7

CYCLING | WOMEN'S TOUR DE FRANCE

How Did This Dutch Rider Win Again? 'It's Like She Has 14 Legs.'

By JOHN L. HOPKINS

The Times

Demi Vollering lifted her bike above her head in delight.

She had just crossed the line to win her second Tour de France Femmes title in Nice, doing so in the yellow jersey without her competitors in sight.

Back at the FIJI United-Suez bus, soon staff members were preparing special pretext of their own. Between here keeps, high-fives and bags, they were changing into custom-made winners. 7 shows with yellow embankers.

For the French team, the nine days of racing ended in chimes but probably also ruled. While it was an emphatic win, with Vollering eventually carrying out a common do-nutrient load over her opponents, it had no shortage of challenges along the way.

This is how FIJI won an electrifying edition of this annual women's triage race around France, the biggest race of the year.

After the Tour's penultimate stage on Saturday – to which Vollering, 25, of the Netherlands, moved into the leader's jersey for the first time – English Debussy, the team's general manager and chief executive, came out fighting. FIJI was going all-in for the final stage.

Fires before the start line in Lausanne, for the first of nine stages across Switzerland and France, the French team stood up to be roasted. Each rider arrived in a 2nd round, and the team's 4 Red Bull helmet, revealing a new stage partnership.

In a stage destined for Lorena Nielsen is the hickie-hush, following attached to the final video. She said on Sunday that she had felt 'good feelings already'.

Her ambitions were clear but almost immediately threatened. Both changes on the team and the news media with surgical masks on, and a staff member said they were not allowed to shake hands. Shows had never been

The team's first time of Debussy said in FIJI Sports after the final stage. 'As the beginning of the Tour de France, we left one rider sick, another train sick, third-rider

and the team's first time of the season. One of the major challenges is a grand tour is moving healthy. With riders in proximity is a big can until 9:59:00 – 1:00:45 on the one that affected U.S.E. Phase I turnouts in the men's Tour.

FIJI was down a staff member who went home with a fever while its riders were struggling with the same stomach strain. The mean-

Annie Hopkins is a news editor for The Athletic.

arm taken by the French team were strict but effective as Vollering lived in company another day – taking third in the individual shot trial on the 9.

The return of the individual time trial was the first sign of an evolved route, one that this year demanded the second favorites to be able to compete on a wider variety of terrain.

It was the perfect balance for Vollering, who won four times in the practice one-day spring season – proving her children as one of the most powerful riders.

The route also eliminated one of her biggest rivals, last year's winner, Pauline Perruzzi-Pre毕业

France's Perruzzi-Pre毕业 had been on Vollering emphatically on the 1st due to blackness, but the time trial and first truly fully stage left her an unarmamentable first min- and behind.

Looking back, that fifth stage was the changing of the guard. As Perruzzi-Pre毕业 told reporters who said that it a successful 2nd defense was 'true,' Vollering was celebrating her first stage win.

Despite Vollering's winning form heading into the Tour, Debussy said it was the mean Vollering did not attend that inside the difference.

'We decided to stop a lot of races and to delay a lot of dreams

Demi Vollering, above and left, turned her second Tour de France Femmes title on Sunday by finishing first in Nice.

for Demi,' he said: 'It's really not easy because when we decide, he example, you will not participate in the Tour de France or home, you won't go to the national.

'I really hate me when I call the coach to say she needs time at home and she needs to arrive fresh mentally for the training camp in Tigers. We changed things like this.'

Beyond Vollering's own strength, what really animated the race was the quality of competition, overall demonstrated by the historic first accord of Mont Verloux.

FIJI's relationship with Cue you ISRAE, especially the rivalry between Vollering and Kofia Niewiadoma-Plimney of Poland, covered into the men's engine-driving whitehead performance that swept the peloton with them. The past 4 rivals's last home a thing since the 2024 Tour de France Femmes, in which the Pole won on the final stage, was divided into Vollering was involved in a crash earlier in the race.

Entering Stage 3, Marlon Brunner of Switzerland had been the first time of the individual time trial win. Only 12 seconds ahead of Vollering, the two were preoccupied with each other, drawing

themselves into a Tour-defining error – they disappointed Niewiadoma-Prelute.

The first unleashed a phenomenon with up Ventana, maintaining on her rivals' hesitation to win by 1:10 and bogging into the yellow jersey.

Debussy called it an 'amazing performance for women's cycling' and 'really beautiful,' but behind his compared words he love the next stage did a clean that had been unleashed the night before.

FIJI had been aiming for the yellow jersey since Lausanne and Paris, not able to demonstrate at a evading the team. With only two stages left to race and 15 seconds to close on a driver rival – something had to change.

The next day, the stage profile was engineered toward a break away, and there were very few climbs where an overall battle could take place. The route gradually quenched with two categorized climbs in the first half, but the final 10 miles were largely downhill.

'I said to the coach, 'Tell me how we can do this with strategy and data,' Debussy said. 'We put all in every context, who we need to be at this place, how many we

need to push.'

It was a military operation, and the games were off. 'It was the first time from the beginning that I spoke during the briefing,' Debussy said. 'I told them that I want no Demi, I want 100 percent dedication and everything in nine up. Because if we stay at those levels, we have no chance to win. That's it. We need to really, really stop up.'

And the team did Vollering, tested Elisa Lange Beighton of Italy and Niewiadoma-Plimney with a strong attack from the two other ones. They initially responded, but with Demi and a half miles to go, Vollering went solo.

'But that is Diane Vollering,' Debussy said, 'He added, 'You can look at her face, she is not the same. It's like she has 14 legs.'

FIJI had driven itself into the yellow jersey for the first time, but that was when she rivalry took flight beyond the roads. Niewiadoma-Plimney approached Cella Cory of France at the third time on course for at least 10 per min the hard run, leaving her unable to follow Vollering's attack.

'She got a lot of nasty messages,' Debussy said, referring to Cory. 'That makes me always very angry.'

In 2016, Niewiadoma-Plimney had capitalized on Vollering's crash.

'They years ago, when I was on the ground in this crash, she was the one who pulled full gun with the other in the front line, and I never blamed her for that because their's tough,' Vollering told reporters. 'I was very disappointed as well, and I also lost to that moment my respect.'

If there was not enough action on the roads, the edge provided by the teaser dispute raised the final stage's property – it had turned personal. Only eight seconds stood between the two, with Brunner close at 1:12 down.

Brunner, however, crashed on the second of four 1st of 25 de-seven – riding her out of contention. By Canyon-ISRAE's measure, at least, this changed the stage.

'You good for the race and the tactics, and not for Martha, but also not good for us,' said Rolf Maja, who directs Canyon-ISRAE's strategy.

Sure, Vollering, pounced and Niewiadoma-Plimney was released to the class group. One of the most compelling Tours de France Femmes was over.

Vollering said last week that she wanted to write a 'beautiful story' Bringing a yellow jersey to a French team, it does not get much better than that.

HOCKEY

As More Radio Booths Fall Silent, Veteran Voices Lament What's Lost

By ALBERT PORTFOLINE

When the Columbus Blue Jackets paved ways recently with that B2-Diggest, their longtime radio show began to turn. The above calls and text messages started coming fast and furious.

Former guests and coaches, the seen McElfight worked with it to be a time years of break-saving in the N.H.I., and minor buggies, made their feelings known. Most of them were angered by the client decision. But the messages that ended up in the class from people McElfight had never met, exactly as social media and in comment sections.

'People like to say that radio is dying, or it's going away,' McElfight said. 'But tell that to the people I've heard from over the last week or so since I was in gas.'

'A board from an many people who said, 'I listened to you while I drove my kid back and forth from hockey practice.' Or, 'I had you on all the time while I was working second or third shift at the place. It was about who love the Blue Jackets, but can't always watch the games on TV.'

The Blue Jackets tacked the news of McElfight's departure from a larger announcement. The they will begin simulacating their TV broadcast on the radio news season, 'allowing fans to experience the same live-game coverage,' says John A.'s TV.

Despite the positive sign of the news release, it's another blow to a radio industry that, like other long-lived media pretexts, has taken the chance of this to come from. And those in the business worry the Blue Jackets' decision may give other organizations the justification to make the same move.

The Blue Jackets are the fifth N.H.I., that – joining the Buffalo

Aaron Portfolini is a senior writer covering the Blue Jackets for The Athletic.

Inferni, Carolina Hurricanes, Dan San Sora and St. Louis Blues – to simulacur their TV broadcasts over radio. For the pain several seasons, the Toronto Magic Leafs' radio crew has called road games from a studio to Toronto.

Will more N.H.I., teams or emphasize radio-specific broadcasts in the years to come?

'I am concerned,' said Marc Brennanman, a Hall of Fame broadcaster who spent 40 years behind the microphone with the Cincinnati Beds but also did comment on the "biggest" of the 1st. Conference basketball games. 'I know are looking for any way they can find new to save money, and if they can eliminate an entire broadcasting crew and go with one, that's the way it's going to be. The result is a bunch of people being their jobs, which really bothers me.'

'We had people say to me, 'Well, it's not a trend yet.' And I say, 'It's coming.' Teams are going to decide which of their broadcast teams are most successful, and they're going to go with one and eliminate the other.

'That's not necessarily how teams are it. Last year, the Blues made the surprising decision to part ways with the longtime TV voice John Kelly and move to a stimulant, and while Chris Zimmerman, the coach chief executive of business operations, said finances did play a part in the decision, he also said money was not the only factor.

'I definitely wouldn't characterize it as a cost-cutting move.' Zimmerman said last year, 'In a there name.com saved by not having two separate productionpeople who are other you look at the scope of our business, what we're investing in, how we're investing, it's just on the driver. This move wouldn't be happening unless it was part of a commitment to believe that we can be better.'

Regardless, for fans of a certain age, the slow decline – destine?

– of radio is hard to imagine. But there's really no aspect of the media landscape that has not been dramatically altered in recent years. 'Case to point: the crumbling of regional sports networks such as Fairfield Sports Network, which had broadcast Blue Jackets games in TV before it filed for bankruptcy after last season.

Now, the Blue Jackets and three N.H.I., clubs have announced plans, in conjunction with the N.H.I., to produce their own games for local TV next season. So not only do they lose the rights fees – Marc Gregory, the Blue Jackets' test president for broadcasting and business intelligence, would not disclose the amount – from the regional networks, but they have taken on the cost of getting together the broadcasters themselves.

'As part of that change, Dave Hartzold, a longtime Blue Jackets' valuable reporter, and Brian Greenwoollag, a game host, are in public, though. Gregory said the Blue Jackets intend on making a decision on the new broadcasting venture.

'The broadcast landscape has changed dramatically in recent years, and while that has created the world's limits to respect with fans, it's also presented significant challenges from a business perspective,' Gregory said. 'The rest is our partnership with Fairfield in obviously a big part of that.'

Nola Nickson, the Hall of Fame voice of the Los Angeles Kings better his retirement two seasons ago, does not doubt that radio is the opportunity to simulacur the TV broadcast over radio as a way to cut costs.

But it's the justification of that note cutting his talent since 1985, and not just because it cheapens the radio broadcast. Shortly after the news of McElfight's departure was made public, Nickson was sent a link to the article by

Nola Nickson, a Hall of Famer and retired Kings broadcaster, said that cost-cutting was misguided.

one of his former producers with the Kings.

«When I read that, I went back and looked at the radio you, how it's games through the years,' Nickson said.

He added: 'There's only an many members of the so crew you can hire to make the lot. There's only so many marketers you can hire to sell to fans. Why do you need to cut back in an area that, I think, still has value?'

Nola said that the first two years of the 1st, and the second, it's, listening to Penguin, Procom and Internet games on radio, in a time when not every game was available on TV. When listening to the English's radio and, after Jackets fans could hear an suspense homage to the Penguins' broadcaster Mike Lange, whose possibly goal calls and quirky the opposite of the other better.

Now they will hear the TV play-by-play voice Steve Waber and the analytic Judy Shelley coming through television and radio. Before the news of the 1st, the broadcaster, has these new dual broadcasts will prevent challenges.

Nickson and Brennanman said it would be a bigger adjustment that most results, and that the two mediators are quite different.

On TV, the broadcaster serves the copy of the footnote: 'They've looked with enhancing what the viewer can see. On radio, the broadcaster is both the cast and the eyes. They have to illustrate the action with far more specific to and descriptive. Imagine the goal of every, when a TV viewer is privy to the actual replay and the broadcasters are tasked with merely adding to the visuals. Imagine the big moments when broadcasters are wise in stop away from the star and let powerful visuals do the talking.'

Nickson knows this all too well. Twice during his time with the Kings, the club standout TV broadcasts were made, and recently during the first half of the 2023-24 season.

'I went to the producers and asked them, 'How do you want me to do this?' Nickson said. 'I can't back a little bit, but I was always aware that there was an audience listening but not watching. I tried

to cover both of my bases, and I did that because working in radio for so many years, I didn't want to put himself that as an afterthought. There are so many people who are going to say: 'Well, it's TV. Radio is going to get what it gets. But be a radio parlor like me, that's one what I want to hear.'

Why did the Kings stop simulacating midway through the 2023-24 season?

'Management on both sides – where the Kings and EDP? – felt that they could do better.' Nickson said. 'That they should do better.'

The Kings, incidentally, hired Kelly as their TV voice after the first season in lower East (also Nickson's retirement). This summed, the Blue Jackets made the switch to a simulacur. Which team (since I'd introduced) there will be a new and new live product, but just in the N.H.I., but across the pro sports landscape.

Some four might be angry. Brennanman said, 'But at the start of the 2023-24 season I wanted, but I began to stop listening or watching?' I don't think that's going to happen.'

---

B8

THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2026

PRO FOOTBALL

The New York Times Sports Tues

Josh Allen, in turn, has been chaired after a playoff loss to Denver in January. At right, Joe Brady, left, Buffalo's new head coach, and the hardening of the quarterbacks coach, with Allen at a practice.

Allen Wants to Put Buffalo on His Back, but the Burden Keeps Growing

By MICHAEL SILVER

The Times

PITTSFORD, N.Y. — When Josh Allen was a boy, he was a more than 50-year-old.

“Oh, I mean, but there — I got knocked a couple of times for throwing helmets after a strikeout in John League,” Allen recalled last week after a Buffalo Bills training camp practice at St. John Fisher University. “I always wanted it so bad as a kid; like, it drove me. I wanted to win at everything.”

In adulthood, anger has grown way to the watching nerves. In January, after falling short of the Super Bowl for the seventh consecutive procrastin, Allen, the Bills quarterback, was in tears while blaming himself for a divisional round playoff defeat in the Denver Broncos in overtime.

The score was as getting in the Bills team, owner Terry Pegula that at a news conference four days later, he cited it prominently while explaining his decision to fire Coach Sean McDermott after nine seasons.

Seven months have passed, but Allen says he still hinders guilt for McDermott’s dismissal. “I think about that all the time,” he said. “There are certain plays through

Michael Silver is a senior N.F.L. owner for The Athletic

out the game — and that’s going to be every game — where you’re like. I could have done more! And I always feel like I can do more!”

Allen might shoulder more of a burden than any other player in the N.F.L. In the wake of McDermott’s flying, and the hiring of the former Bills-Offensive coordinator Joe Brady at his successor, that psychic lead has only grown.

Now 10, Allen, the 2016 N.F.L. meet valuable players, is facing heightened scrutiny. The again of the Bills’ playoff defeat in Denver, where Allen was responsible for fear of the nearly 8th turnovers, and the flying of McDermott’s two-week lift fit and 6-6 in the postseason, two days later have not been kind to him.

Part of that stems from the success of Brady, who during those seasons as a Buffalo anointed bad development at close relationship with Allen. The fact that Allen sat in on Brady’s interview, and those of other candidates during the Bills’ coaching search, added to the collective criticism.

None of this is especially fair to Allen. For one thing, his guilt often is misplaced. While his turnovers against the Broncos were beginning to burnish in the Bills’ cause, they were an aberration. He had gained well in years of Buffalo’s previous six playoff defeat, including a pair of A.F.C. championship game known to Pearls-Mc

James and the Kansas City Chiefs. As for Brady’s secret, success familiar with the coaching search team that while Allen asked questions of candidates and provided input after the interview, he was never included in discussions about whom to hire.

“I can honestly say. Joe went out there and he carried it,” Allen said. “The way that he interviewed, now hard he works as a coach and the success that we’ve had as an

A former M.V.P. faces heightened scrutiny after the Bills’ reset.

offense over the last few years — he earned it.”

As a reward, Brady has been promoting some of the highest expectations ever faced by a first-time N.F.L. head coach. He essentially has no given period. If the Bills do not reach the Super Bowl — where they have not been since the 1994 game — let alone win it, it will not just be the new coach who faces potentially negative consequences.

“This is what it is, and we know it,” said Dion Dawkins, the Bills five-time Pro Bowl left tackle and

producer of Albert’s blind side. “And I know it — I’ve been here for 10 years and know that if we don’t win, guys are not just going to be around forever. That is on the top of my mind, like, Joe, I want to win because I want any in Buffalo. I don’t want to move.

“So yes, it’s do so. Mr. Welcome Joe Brady, and get all the minutes flying. We need to hit all targets.” Allen, of course, will be anchoring the aerial assault on game days, as well as changing into the defensive backfield and throwing his massive frame into the fray. His commitment, on and off the field, resonates in a locker room that bools off his competitive energy.

“What I love about Josh Allen is to has high expectations for himself,” Brady said. “I just want him to be himself. And I think our guys respect him for who he is, the gives everything he’s got.”

Brady is embracing the pressure he will face as a first-time coach, saying: “I don’t think a coach in this profession is wired to want a grace period or to be about a grace period. I can’t speak for everybody, but I have high expectations of myself. There’s a assault and, and I embrace it.”

McDermott, who quickly created a winning culture upon his last trip in 2017, was known as the building for being80times, enact-

ing and sometimes rigid. Brady has attempted to create a highest score player-friendly atmosphere. Granted, he has yet to reach a global, the Allen and the 80times, enact an hopeful that Brady’s approach can help them develop.

“I’ve really enjoyed the new video,” right end Denver, Kane said. “Don’t door an incredible job creating energy, getting the guys to hype and I refer up, creating the culture — kind of building off what we’ve already had here, but also adding his little time on things. The guys are feeling the energy. It’s easy to get the juices flowing.” Like easy, for John and his defensive teammates, has been adjusting to the Bills’ new defense. While McDermott ran a 4.5 ohm on牵引steel from one used by Joe Johnson, a negative Pittsburgh play-Eggen defensive coordinator, the team’s rookie defensive coordinator, Jim Lombard, who must recently win the Denver Broncos’ defensive backs coach and jump game coordinator, is employing a 3.4 alignment designed to exploit one-on-one matchups on the line of a totalimage.

“Just the movement, the front’s that you get, the rotation stuff, the pressures from different leads — it throws a bit at you,” Allen said. “I’m very excited to see what our defense can do this year.”

Other changes are in the air. The Bills will open the newly one-

stranded Highmark Stadium on Saturday, leaving the Carolina Panthers in their possession opener. This edges with the current theme in Albert’s personal life. Four months ago, he said his wife, the actress Dallas Standard, welcomed a daughter, Harper, which provided more public travel on the quarterback spoke at a charity event last month.

“Now I want, new stadium, new child — there’s no much new going on,” Allen said. “And it really does feel like a complete treat.”

One carry-over is that Allen will not everything he has into trying to avoid another shattering postseason exit — and carry the pressure of providing a long-awaited moment of euphoria to Bills fans. And if the quarterback falls back, he will not be teaching down on him, like a pregnant tail-pater driving arm on an uncrawled folding table.

“He carries the weight of a whole fan base, of a whole city, on his shoulders — gracefully,” Kane said. “If there’s anyone who’s built for it, it’s him. But that guy puts on the right, stunt, and shutter that can wear it like he does.

“We’re not afraid to talk about it. We want to see this Super Bowl for this fan base, for the city, for the whole team — but we also want to win the Super Bowl for it,” he said, referring to Albert’s unborn number.

COLLEGE FOOTBALL

A National Championship Is Stoking a Tide That’s Raising All Indiana Ships

By SCOTT DECHTERMAN

The Times

CHICAGO — Curt Cigarett, the football coach at Indiana, closed out the Big Tech media days in July with a merger, promoting the conference his national champion thunders won as the nation’s best. Two hours later, a reporter asked Indiana’s athletic director, Sean Dobson, what that championship was worth in his state’s flagship institution.

Strangibly, Dobson said, it’s promises. As for the hard numbers, he brought over Indiana’s senior associate athletic director, Kevin McVernity, for specifics about athletic donations and the year-over-year value.

“Double,” Van Rooy said.

“Double!” Dobson asked.

“Can they? double.”

“That’s from a long-established program, too,” Dobson said. “It’s not like we just started. We’ve got a long history of credit, great contributors, a lot of success. But I didn’t realize that it actually doubled.”

A 10-0 football season pushed Indiana’s athletic department donations to 500 million, from 825 million, to fiscal 2026, which ended on June 29. Indiana was already the Big Ten powerhouse in men’s basketball clubs’ sales, and every football ticket for the roaring season was sold within one day in February. The residual of best throughout campus contains a similar issue with record-high interest among applicants, though a capped number of incoming students prevents that number from soaring, too.

A university-high 8,028 undergraduate students entered Indiana University last fall, and some of applications increased by a record 5.5 percent, forming the coming year, these applications

Scott Dechterman covers college football for The Athletic. Matt Baker contributed reporting.

grew another 10 percent. It’s part of a large that started with Pearls-McVern’s hiring as university president in 2021 and was best served by the football program’s championship.

“The success that we’ve seen on the field really reflects larger management at Indiana University,” Dobson said. “I football didn’t necessarily start a lot of three trends, but it provided a spotlight on tremendous progress that’s already underway across Indiana University, and so we’ve seen progress on a number of really important metrics. That includes, however, to applications and donations and media reach.”

Football’s success allows other parts of the university to shine in its allergies, Dobson said, like the university’s business, football and music schools. Last fall, Indiana and its satellite campuses wanted to the top slot as the nation’s largest alumni base for the first time, and it contains 4,000 football’s persons. The collective strength of all entities has given Indiana football staying power and allowed it to ease up 10 spots to No. 23 in The Athletic’s lot of college football valuations. It’s an exercise that adds: How much would college football teams be worth if they were sold like pre-transiters?

In 2023, The Athletic ranked Indiana football as the Big Tech 14th-best valuable program and 26th overall with a price of $200 million. With two consecutive College Football Playoff appearances, on third sustainability with Cigarett locked up long term and a promoting financial outlook, both and both the greatest jump among Power J programs this year with a $600 million valuation, or No. 12. It just behind Iowa and ninth among Big Ten programs.

The long also virtually undermine — in processing and finances — that Indiana said, Robert has the vomiter, the football program had

The recent success of Indiana’s football program has helped to double the amount of donations to the athletic department.

the most losses in N.C.A.A. Division I history, and its stadium was often less than half full in the shadow of its more popular men’s basketball program.

Dobson, a former Indiana men’s basketball student manager under Bob Knight, thought Indiana

needed to significantly invest in football. As the program integrated through a 3-3A Big Ten record from 2021 to 2023, Dobson sought a $20 million university loan from Whitton to move on from Coach Tom Allen rather than hold on another year for a reduced

beyond. Whitton endorsed the charges.

In the frankly, with the ambition that we had, which went with a national championship, we needed to make investment in key areas, and to I made the decision that it was a smart, prudent and wise investment,” Whitton said. “This is going to more than pay for itself.

“The strategy that you saw applied to football is also being applied to other areas of the university as well. That’s what I’ve heard to do. I’m hired to get us to the top of things and make the decisions that we have made for it now.”

Cigarett has a 27.2 record in two seasons, and the crowd sizes on Best 5. Last year, the lhoosiers averaged 31,500 in attendance — up from 44,500 — to 9,000 in the three crowds exceeded capacity, including a number of students record 58,000 against Illinois. The final revenue numbers from the 2026 local year were 1,000, but it should show a substantial increase from any previous season.

The value of a championship is greater for Indiana than mere established programs like Leontown State, Michigan and Clemson. Their football revenue rose from $2 million to $6 million during their recent national title-runs (including both national and national) during its figures reported to the N.C.A.A. or the U.S. Education Department. That’s a nice bump but not a huge spike.

The same, the overall hold to be professional franchises with large, local fellowship. The Philadelphia Eagles and the Seattle Nationals can capitalize only as much as they receive higher levels. If they were already selling out the stadium.

“There’s only so many men’s, and laugheders’ games (he pricely got around) and hardly director for Georgia Tech’s miner is the business of sports and entertainment.

Although Garner’s own valuation analysis is more rigorous than The Athletic’s approach and has different goals, it also showed enormous growth for Indiana. Last year, she pegged the lhoosiers’ value at about $200 million. After the championship run, it’s in the $430 million to $500 million range, including the broader effort on academics (because financial growth is overdoest or neither goes to the university, not the football program).

The success done comes with a year, and Kevin Kaiser, an adjunct full professor of finance at Pearls-Maurion School of Business.

Lifting a program’s value, and bringing a surge in enrollment.

Cigarett and the staff earned status, and higher expectations generally lead institutions to depend more to meet them. But the least and being is attendance, donations and everything else have created something like, is not a one-off financial event.

“To the new team,” Kaiser said, “it’s gone, that it’s more there.”

Dobson concedes no one wants to hear about rising costs associated with winning, but they are factors in Indiana’s future. In 2024, Cigarett commands a $12.5 million-a-year salary, which is more than double what Indiana paid in fiscal 2024, plus staff retention. But that is a small price to pay for a maximum high-level football program.

“We took at that an investment in making certain that we continue to provide the resources to our programs to win,” Dobson said. “We want to sustain growth every year. We don’t want to just be a one-fat wonder.”

---

9

B9

BASEBALL

COMMENTARY

He Hit Only 188. But the Royals Truly Needed Him

By RITA'TO KIMIO

and JAYMIN JENNIS

The Editor

When Raid Thaliez joined the Kansas City Royals a few weeks before the 20th R.L.B. trade deadline, nobody graded the move or broke it down.

Why would they? The Argels had released Thaliez nine days earlier after he posted a 157 batting average. His power was fading, the win 63.

Even in Kansas City, thaliez's addition didn't rush the front page of the sports section.

In 33 games with the Royals that season, he hit 188 and did not make a single appearance in the playoffs.

And yet this is what Danny Duffy, a young pitcher on that team, had to say about him recently: "I think Thaliez played a massive part for a lot of people." Every baseball season, dozens

Rustin Dodd and Alyson Jinks with Joe Peak. The Athletic's section covering sports leadership, personal development and success.

Thaliez's Career

Seasons	19
Teams	9
Games	2,181
Arques	7,471
Home runs	306
Runs batted in	1,267
Hits	2,034
Runs	1,055
Doubles	424
Triples	51
Idaho	1,001
Silversuits	1,374
Batting average	272
On those plus dogging put.	851
Source: Baseball Reference
OK for Video Video

of players move teams at the deadline, arriving in new clubhouses and birthing contenders for the stretch run. For good reason, we spend most of the time thinking about the stars — the ace starters, the stud cheers, the metal fans who can flip a playoff series with one swing.

But there are still aspects of winning that remain elusive, an alchemy of leadership, culture and chemistry that cannot be quantified.

The veteran who infuses a clubhouse with pressure and confidence. The pinch-hitter who brings energy to the room. The utility player who provides leadership by doing nothing more than showing up and fitting in.

This is not an argument that one of these types of acquisitions, such as Thaliez, will mean more than your talent. Just that it could mean something.

Full disclosure: 'This article wasn't planned. Recently, we were interviewing Duffy for another article on the mentality of winning teams. Unprompted, he brought up Thaliez's role on the 20th Royals.

Not long after, we were interviewing the former Royals first baseman Eric Hosmer for a steady, different article. He also brought up the importance of Thaliez on that team.

In summer 2004, Thaliez joined a young team carrying the longest of the year's 'He Roads' hadn't made the playoffs in 29 years, and on July 21 lost their fourth game in a row, falling to do it.

Thaliez had been with the Royals for three weeks when he stood in front of his teammates to speak.

The Royals were playing the 'The New Yorker Change, Hammer said: "He basically looked to an about what appealing teams thought of us. Did we realize how good we weren't? Did we realize the same idea as it?" For us to hear that was so important.

The Royals' roster was loaded with first-round picks. They believed they had talent. But Thaliez brought something they did not have: veteran perspective and wisdom.

By then, Thaliez had lived several baseball lives. He spent his 20s struggling to stick in Seattle. He became a full-time starter in Kansas City at 28. He made his first All-Star Game at

37, the same year he played in the World Series for Philadelphia. All the while, he developed a reputation as one of the friendliest men in baseball.

To hear someone like Thaliez say these words caused the players on the 20th Royals to see themselves in a different light.

It choked for all of us: 'Men, men said. "This guy's a legend, so if people really do think of us

Raid Thaliez did not even play in the postseason for the 2014 Royals. But no teammates cited the inspiration he provided a team that came from nowhere to make the World Series.

like that, maybe we're really good and we should play with some confidence.

"I'll never forget that speech." The Royals went 52-27 from that point on, including the postseason, and uncancelled their way to their first World Series appearance since 1985. Thaliez spent the season's final weeks setting into the role of a leader, keeping everyone engaged during games and talking to hitters about upcoming situations. Little things that Hosmer said were important more than a decade later.

Not every season will include an acquisition as experienced or respected as Thaliez. But last week, a collection of contenders went looking for roster help at the edges. Reasonable minds can disagree on how much veteran leadership matters. Thaliez is merely an example of a man when it did and a reminder that it can.

In September, he prepared another speech before the postseason, telling his young teammates the story of the Spanish–conquistador Hernán Cortés, who, on the legend goes, once told his men to listen their hours before battle, leaving no room for retreat.

"I'm guessing everybody else in that entire clubhouse had to do things. I'm not going to do it. I'm talking about it. Duffy said, 'I mean, I still get green bumps."

The 2014 Royals lost in Game 7 of the World Series to the San Francisco Giants, and Thaliez retired after the season, eventually taking a job in the front office of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

His leadership wasn't the reason the Royals went on that run. But it was a reason, however small, however out of sight, however unquantifiable. He was part of the story.

COMMENTARY

The Windows to Win It All Are Fleeting. Teams Should Act Like It.

From First Sports Page

Adley Rutschman, to the Boston Red Sox, Elias, whose team has yet to win a playoff game since he took over in November 2016, emphasized that reporters on a call can work that Baltimore wasn't rebuilding.

But the October, who won the A.L. East in 2023, were viewed by many in the industry as a potential future dynamic three years ago. When they were swaps out of the playoffs by the eventual World Series champion Tricia Rodgers — a team that spent nearly just approximately tried to win — Elias said the window was just opening. One manager firing and more than two years of sub-300 baseball have occurred since.

Lifeoff? The rocker is still on the launch pad.

I'm not saying the October, who were 54-58 at the deadline, should have been buyers. The

No banners are raised for the most efficient or most sustainable.

Rutschman trade was a good deal for them, with a lot of future value.

But I've yet to see "Future Value Windows" as a last 5 short or a banner hanging to celebrate the No. 1 evaded minor league season. Come to think of it, I don't think I've ever seen a team raise anything at the end of the season for the most wine per dollar or consecutive 60-win seasons that ended in a first-round defeat. Though these are many persons in the age of efficiency and sustainability and whatever else from offices want fans to believe in the ultimate goal even, you know, avoid championships.

I'm not saying teams should thrive all out there in the mind, but I do think it needs to be said: 'Competitive windows don't all ways cooperate. Sometimes, it's OK to push in your chips.

How many years ago was the San Diego Pusher! window nap-

posed to have closed? Two? Three? You can make the valid game that they haven't won anything under General Manager A. J. Profler. You can also make the point that this is a small-market team that thanked its rules at the belief that you can't take risks or try to win, hardly every year. How have they not run out of prospects to deal? Because Profler is exceptional or amusing and rebuilding.

Did Milwaukee Brewers General Manager Matt Arnold, whose organization has the best farm system, see feel confident: his group could do the same if it pulled the trigger on pitcher Tarik Skobal, the prize of the trade deadline? What about the Tampa Bay Rays' president for baseball operations, Erik Neander? The Brewers and the Rays have a 90 percent chance to make the playoffs, but what about their chances to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers is October?

We don't know the details of what each side offered for flashed before Detroit traded him to the Dodgers. Perhaps the Tigers, who spend against one last try with their son but say they will try to keep them from competitive window from closing, wanted players closer to the big leagues. Maybe no offer was ever going to hear what the Dodgers could pull out. And when their system is over.

But we do know that the Dodgers, independent of payroll, try to win the World Series. And, yes. They are one of a handful of teams that have the gall to say in publicity.

Critics say that's because they're doing that Dodgers win don't care about making mistakes with money or prospects, and part of that is true. But from some of the drawing for a side, I'm not forget that a won't stop certain players from taking equal money — or even less — to play for a team such as Los Angeles, which offers higher visibility to all their side. Sometimes you'll better chance at a World Series share. It has happened to other sports. But I guess a guy would stop the Dodgers and how York would be the best team across their arguments from spending more, and all of that money owners save on payroll could

mandate into lower ticket and bet dog prices.

Forget the cup and the floor Baseball needs a system that incentivizes winning, that rewards trying. The current guard/rails in place aren't enough: I guess continually holding a team just above .500 is enough job security for front offices and enough profit for owners to keep the business of second home using along.

It seems when front offices go around the table in their war rooms near the deadline and ask

if they run win a World Series, far too many teams get squeezing. Credit, then, to Beaver's Craig Breslow — leading a team whose season was nearly decided by late April — for aggressive going after Rutschman, he telling the news media he did not want to go through a deadline where they "rearranged closer," Breslow's trade didn't grade out well for the future value crowd. But who cares if the prospects he dealt to Baltimore thrive if the Red Sox win another title?

The Brewers, with a deep pool of prospects, failed to keep Tarik Skobal, above, from going to the Dodgers. The Red Sox, on the other hand, pushed in their chips and landed Adley Rutschman.

Does anyone remember the ravings and misses if the team gets one right? Who cares if the Red Sox win it all in 2016 and have a clodder in 2017? You can reimach his 2020 Washington Nationals to win a 2017 and 2018. When people talk about the San Francisco Giants dynasty that includes North America's first pionships in 1910, 1912 and 2014, the four mention that they traded Zach Wheeler away for two months of Carlos Beltrán in 2017. Or they care that the team did not even make the playoffs in the odd years?

Just get into the playoffs, and anything out happen, teams like to say, and the team is not sure. When was the last time a team veteran serious high-end talent raised a trophy? Wild-card teams that stumble in and win, such as the 2017 All-Star Game, have a 2017 All-Star's. They were hurt for a good chunk of the year. That team had Max Scherrer, Stephen

Strasberg and Juan Isles. The 2021 Rodgers — another wild-card team that won it all — had five previous players who started that year's All-Star Game.

Spare me the "small markets can't take risks" argument. Sometimes, you have to get uncomfortable to win. Aggressive moves do more than improve World Series odds. They're no enormous idea in the area for morale. It's one thing for players in a clubhouse to think they're good enough to win. It's another for the front office to put some idea in the game and win. "We believe in you enough to push our chips in."

Yes, there's a time to be rational, when your team is showing and the talent just isn't quite there. But there's also a time to capitalize on a season of good health or guys playing significantly better than expected. If not now, when, Milwaukee's Tampa Bay?

The Padres don't have a cover, but they do have some of the best attendance in the game. The best attendance the Rays ever had, outside of their inaugural season, was in 2000 and 2010, the two seasons after their first World Series win. The Brewers haven't been to the World Series since losing to 1992. Their last big midseason acquisition, trading for pitcher C. Taliaffoon in 1999, did not work out. They have drawn more than three million fans in a single season than a team, including 1000 and 2000.

The Rays did make a fairly big midseason move in a 100-win season in 2013, leading for the winger. "Hmmm I'm the 2017 All-Star player swap to which pitcher Joe Ryan, first a top 100 prospects, went to the Milwaukee Twins.

Ryan has since twice been named as All-Star. The Rays did not make it out of their A.L. division series, but it was hardly a risk that barred them. They made the playoffs each of the next six seasons.

Sometimes, trying to sports doesn't work out. Sometimes, the so-called window doesn't stay open, either.

Taking a possible should be part of the fun. This isn't a stock portfolio. Except for some teams, it feels as if it is.

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3 EDINBURGH FESTIVAL FRINGE

So much to see in a cultural circus, on and off the stage.

3 THEATER

Amanda Knox turns her tabloid infamy into comedy.

6 STREAMING SCI-FI

Space aliens befriended, feared or fetishized in five eclectic movies.

NEWS | CRITICISM

Arts

The New York Times

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020 CI

6

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE CITY CLERK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

The City Is Speaking. Now Listen.

Take a 'soundwalking' tour of New York with Jacek Smolicki, an artist dedicated to recording sounds and vibrations that mere mortals normally can't hear. Page 4.

Parody of 'Heated Rivalry' Skates a Seriously Fun Line

A stage production shines a spotlight on the steamy TV show.

By SHIVANI GONZALEZ

In November, a small Canadian series about two rival pro hockey players who, in secrecy, fall in love, took over TV screens, later, night talk shows and every corner of social media.

It didn't take long for the composer and playwright Dylan Marc'Aurele to start shutting his script for "Heated Rivalry: The Unauthorized Musical Parody." The show tells a similar story about Shane (Jimin Moon) and Ilya (Jay Armstrong Johnson), but through the lens of "the human," a gag, gik of wine-drunk rooms who wait until their husbands and children are asleep to enjoy the cozy, horny world of hockey players. The women act as narrators in Marc'Aurele's show, tipsky occupying plot points, but not always accurately, which is where the parody comes in.

The show, which started as a one-night concert reading, has been extended through November to New York and has spawned additional productions in Canada and Britain (including appearances at the

Edinburgh Festival Fringe).

"We were just going to put out two concerts, and that was it," Alan Kiffler, the show's director and producer, said in an interview. "But the two concerts sold out in all hours."

The production is housed on the sixth floor of the Culture Club, formerly the McKittrick Hotel, where "Sleep No More" ran for nearly 11 years. Kiffler, a self-proclaimed "Sleep" superfan, noted that the space makes the show feel like an entire experience, with a contention stand setting Kip's Blue Moon Over Brooklyn smoothie, Canada Dry ginger ale and other goodies that wink at the TV show's fan base.

Plus, Johnson said, "You know this place is haunted for sure."

From backstage, Johnson, Marc'Aurele and Moon (performing his last show this week, to be replaced by Aaron Alcaraz) disclosed the fine line of parodying a beloved show and netting a Russian accent. Following are edited excerpts.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 13

Jimin Moon, far left, and Jay Armstrong Johnson of "Heated Rivalry: The Unauthorized Musical Parody."

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Lots of Merriment On Scottish Streets

By JILLIAN RAFFIELD Photographs by MICHAEL VINCE KIM

EBENBURGH – The 79th Festival Fringe here is in full swing, taking over this Scottish city’s Old Town and bringing out wonders like live owls and street performers, some brandishing fire or hula hoops, as well as bagpipe players.

This year’s festival, which began on Friday and runs through Aug. 31, features over 4,000 shows, including stand-up and sketch comedy, and several are generating significant buzz. One production, about Edgar Allan Poe, seems particularly fitting in a city with a reputation for hauntings.

Here are scenes as visitors poured in for the first weekend of the festival.

At the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, street performances were everywhere, and even live owls were on hand to be held by tourists, top right. Also among the festivities, a bagpipe sighting, above, and the Underbelly’s Circus Hub on the Meadows, below left. From top left, a street performer outside the National Galleries of Scotland, activities in the Underbelly; and a hula hoop event on Hunter Square. From above right: a performer on the Royal Mile; a wall of festival posters; and a quiet moment at Parliament Square.

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Comedy

As a Way

To Reclaim

Her Past

With an Edinburgh stand-up show, Amanda Knox finds the humor in her tabloid infamy.

By ALICE MARSHALL

EDMUNDSON — It was the opening night of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, and Amanda Knox was paying the stage of a skiddoy theater.

For about 15 minutes, she had been crying out her jokes in “Carreback”, her one-fend Fringe debut as a stand-up comic. In her act, Knox, 36, teamed the stage where tops and clothes were scattered, telling stories and occasionally dialoguing, with the recorded voice of her daughter, Karoka, who is 5.

She was trying to find the humor in her own story, that of an American parent, but one who had been enough held in a prison in Italy for years for the 2007 murder of her roommate when both women were studying abroad there. But the sold-out audience, 130-strong, at first only occasionally showed at her gaps about 3m in prison, tabloid infamy and the idiosyncrasies of child-rearing. “Does, she told a joke about her daughter’s favorite game.

It’s called “dominus goes to Italy,” Knox said. In the game, her daughter grubs the bars of a single gym at their local playground and screams, “Let me out! Let me out!” Knox himself a wild-eyed correct desperately grabbing the bars of a prison cell. The audience’s workers turned into the night’s first belly tough.

As surprising as it might be that Knox is trying stand-up, it’s arguably even riskier for her to debut such a show at the Fringe in Scotland, given her mixed reputation in Britain, the home country of the man roommate, Meredith Kercher. Knox’s foray into comedy also raised questions about who has the right to tell a story-centage.

Knox said in an earlier video interview that she was trying comedy because she felt “pigmenthed as either a true crime or tragic figure” when in reality she had at least been a “punky, quirky theater girl.”

“Doing this show is me going back to my room and trying to reclaim what I was before all the bad stuff happened,” Knox said.

The Edinburgh Fringe is a high-makes platform for such a transformation. Held every August, the festival has a reputation as a brutal testing ground for new comics. Reviewers regularly savage stand-up shows, but for a lucky few acts — like Hannah Gadley, James Ausner and Richard Gadd (of “Baby Brinston”) — it can be a springboard to tune.

Many Fringe comics find humor in dark subjects, among their loads, whose hands are show was about stalking, and the Australian comedian Frankie McNair, who is presenting an act this year called “Huge

Am Mouton” about overcoming child abuse.

Still, since “Carreback” was announced in May, the idea of Knox’s performing in Britain has raised eyebrows here. She was ultimately resurrected in the murder by Italy’s highest court in 2015, but many people here still feel that Knox must have had something to do with the killing. Others think she should stay out of the public eye to avoid further transmitting Kercher’s family.

Last week, Stephanie Kercher, Meredith’s sister, gave media interviews urging the venue hearing Knox’s show to cancel “Carreback,” which runs through Aug. 17. Kercher said in an email that Knox was causing her family “deep pain,” adding that “a real-life case and victim should not be at

Clockwise from top: Amanda Knox is her sole show “Carreback” at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe; she signed copies of her two memoirs; audiences lined up for her show. Knox was held in a prison in Italy for years after she was wrongfully convicted for the 2007 murder of her roommate there.

lowed as a comedy show in the UK.”

An online petition against the performance secured over 40,000 signatures, and Britain’s tabloid press, which has denounced Knox for years, also weighted in, immediately after her Friday debut. The Daily Mail published an article on its website with the headline “Is There Anything ‘Foxy Koxy,’ Was? Do for Attention — or Beauty?”

In interviews after the show, some audience members also wondered if Knox’s motivation had been financial — although most Fringe shows don’t make a profit, even when, like Knox’s, they sell out. Edward Lipicombe, 72, who was in the audience at the Gilded Balloon, theorized that Knox either needed the money, or was looking for a

therapeutic space to talk about her experiences. But he added that it had been a well-credited, unbelievable, and that it wouldn’t she had “more heart than you’d imagine.”

Even in some people who knew her, Knox’s presence at the Fringe had at least initially been puzzling. Area Friedman, an American training who was a consultant on the show, said she had asked Knox repeatedly why she was doing it.

“She lived off bravery doing this to just beyond comprehensive,” Friedman said.

Knox said in the interview that she had expected controversy, but added that she refused to let Britain’s tabloid press influence her choices. “There is a defiant streak in me that’s like, ‘You know what?’” she said. “I didn’t hurt anybody. I’m not at fault for what happened.”

In the intervening years, she has written two memoirs, knots a podcast with her husband, and in the subject of a thule series. Performing comedy is a recently developed passion, although her interest in the genre goes further back. She said she was a long-time fan of World of Diabetes and enjoyed watching “Flight of the Conchords” in prison because Italian TV broadcast is late at night, undubbed.

She was switched on to the possibility of being outlawed herself in 2015, she said, when she was invited to be a surprise guest in a comedy roast of her friend the comedian Whitney Cummings. During that three-minute set, Knox asked that she had been invited only because other comedians “want to follow a performer who has never killed.”

That game has the comedy flag, Knox said, and soon she was doing occasional start at a local comedy night in Vaution Island, Wash., where she lives. She performed there — “in a wine pot that used to be someone’s backyard” — every few months, she said, and she mainly did “mean jokes” about, say, having a crush on a children’s cartoon character.

The idea of a show in Edinburgh came to her last year after she met the sketch comedy duo Britainick, who chapseduced about the Fringe as a place where comedians could hone their craft. Nick Kochev, one of Britainick’s members, said that he had warned Knox that she would get savaged online, but she’d said it wasn’t a problem. “That’s already happening,” he recalled her saying.

While writing the show, Knox said, she sent drafts to comedians such as Friedman and Laurens Woodman for advice. Among their recommendations, Knox said, was to “wishness just some of the straight, straight trauma.”

She certainly bonded their word near the show’s finale. Her act was called “Carreback,” she had said earlier, because Italian prosecutors said she had turned carreback in a police station shortly after Kercher’s death as evidence of inappropriate friendly in the value of the violent killing. (Knox said she had actually been doing yoga.)

Growing serious as the end of the routine approached, Knox said she was raising her daughter “to be the main girl I was punished for being.” When Karoka is old enough to hear her the story, Knox said, it would be told as a reason to “live your life to the father and not be held back by anything.”

“But kids don’t really listen to you,” Knox said. “You have to show them” — that’s why she had come to the Fringe, she said.

Knox then carrebacked across the stage, and about half the audience rose in an evening.

Two Not Touch

Put two stars in each row, column and region of the grid. No two stars may touch, not even diagonally. (wow) (C) (wow) (wow)

Cryptogram

OC ZMXXC DAYV VAUV YHYTXHJXI DHSFPX ATYE H ZHJ. HQQHJPTYSC AY DHIT'Y IPY VAUV PTEMUV.

PUZZLEJ EN RAY BANDI

VIZITZEREN'S ADORDER 7/24/2026 1:30

KenKen

Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6.

For more games: www.nytimes.com/games

Number of the digitally generated on the page, 2.12. Copyright © 2023 www.NYTimes.com. All rights reserved.

Crossword | Edited by Will Shortz

ACROSS

1 Popular tablets 2 Big name in food wholesale 3 “Eat full screen” 4 500 in bed 5 1,000 6 1,000 7 1,000 8 1,000 9 1,000 10 1,000 11 1,000 12 1,000 13 1,000 14 1,000 15 1,000 16 1,000 17 1,000 18 1,000 19 1,000 20 1,000 21 1,000 22 1,000 23 1,000 24 1,000 25 1,000 26 1,000 27 1,000 28 1,000 29 1,000 30 1,000 31 1,000 32 1,000 33 1,000 34 1,000 35 1,000 36 1,000 37 1,000 38 1,000 39 1,000 40 1,000 41 1,000 42 1,000 43 1,000 44 1,000 45 1,000 46 1,000 47 1,000 48 1,000 49 1,000 50 1,000 51 1,000 52 1,000 53 1,000 54 1,000 55 1,000 56 1,000 57 1,000 58 1,000 59 1,000 60 1,000 61 1,000 62 1,000 63 1,000 64 1,000 65 1,000 66 1,000 67 1,000 68 1,000 69 1,000 70 1,000 71 1,000 72 1,000 73 1,000 74 1,000 75 1,000 76 1,000 77 1,000 78 1,000 79 1,000 80 1,000 81 1,000 82 1,000 83 1,000 84 1,000 85 1,000 86 1,000 87 1,000 88 1,000 89 1,000 90 1,000 91 1,000 92 1,000 93 1,000 94 1,000 95 1,000 96 1,000 97 1,000 98 1,000 99 1,000 100 1,000

1 4x4 Hoop, areas with games 2 4x4 in a cheery manner 3 4x4 Tender spots 4 4x4 4x4p group that does “C.R.E.A.M” and “Product to Nock” 5 4x4 4x4p 6 4x4 4x4p 7 4x4 4x4p 8 4x4 4x4p 9 4x4 4x4p 10 4x4 4x4p 11 4x4 4x4p 12 4x4 4x4p 13 4x4 4x4p 14 4x4 4x4p 15 4x4 4x4p 16 4x4 4x4p 17 4x4 4x4p 18 4x4 4x4p 19 4x4 4x4p 20 4x4 4x4p 21 4x4 4x4p 22 4x4 4x4p 23 4x4 4x4p 24 4x4 4x4p 25 4x4 4x4p 26 4x4 4x4p 27 4x4 4x4p 28 4x4 4x4p 29 4x4 4x4p 30 4x4 4x4p 31 4x4 4x4p 32 4x4 4x4p 33 4x4 4x4p 34 4x4 4x4p 35 4x4 4x4p 36 4x4 4x4p 37 4x4 4x4p 38 4x4 4x4p 39 4x4 4x4p 40 4x4 4x4p 41 4x4 4x4p 42 4x4 4x4p 43 4x4 4x4p 44 4x4 4x4p 45 4x4 4x4p 46 4x4 4x4p 47 4x4 4x4p 48 4x4 4x4p 49 4x4 4x4p 50 4x4 4x4p 51 4x4 4x4p 52 4x4 4x4p 53 4x4 4x4p 54 4x4 4x4p 55 4x4 4x4p 56 4x4 4x4p 57 4x4 4x4p 58 4x4 4x4p 59 4x4 4x4p 60 4x4 4x4p 61 4x4 4x4p 62 4x4 4x4p 63 4x4 4x4p 64 4x4 4x4p 65 4x4 4x4p 66 4x4 4x4p 67 4x4 4x4p 68 4x4 4x4p 69 4x4 4x4p 70 4x4 4x4p 71 4x4 4x4p 72 4x4 4x4p 73 4x4 4x4p 74 4x4 4x4p 75 4x4 4x4p 76 4x4 4x4p 77 4x4 4x4p 78 4x4 4x4p 79 4x4 4x4p 80 4x4 4x4p 81 4x4 4x4p 82 4x4 4x4p 83 4x4 4x4p 84 4x4 4x4p 85 4x4 4x4p 86 4x4 4x4p 87 4x4 4x4p 88 4x4 4x4p 89 4x4 4x4p 90 4x4 4x4p 91 4x4 4x4p 92 4x4 4x4p 93 4x4 4x4p 94 4x4 4x4p 95 4x4 4x4p 96 4x4 4x4p 97 4x4 4x4p 98 4x4 4x4p 99 4x4 4x4p 100 4x4 4x4p

ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE

APR	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
M	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
O	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
J	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
F	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
J	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
F	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
J	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
G	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
G	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Y	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Y	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Z	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
F	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
J	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
J	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Y	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12

9/11/26

DOWN

1 Down 2 Opinion survey 3 Fair to slightly 4 Bit of Chinese food 5 Sincere topper 6 Droop 7 This is probably dumb but I'm doing's anyway/hashtag 8 Go past 9 Flip over, as a beat 10 Vajdan laments 11 No Soviet Union, to Reagan 12 Thailand, before 1939 13 Military wear, for what 14 Head of a noted central rescue project

15 Sistely tree 16 Like a connoissance, perhaps 17 Oh, and silly 18 "I'll ... it" 19 Good That's the world's third-ending practice after Vatican City and Monaco 20 People hold complicated positions on it 21 Singer Honor of Our Direction 22 Recession, as a hotel 23 Duro down 24 Angel — A twitter of the N.N.B.A. single-master record for reference, rebounds

25 Stop and Yield 26 Headquarters 27 Get too old 28 Pick drink 29 ... a soul 30 Miss of That 31 "It's Show" 31 What scores do 32 Field you can feel, maybe 33 "You're something!" 34 Longtime Disney from Rich 35 Cuba, per ejemplo 36 And other authors: Abbi 37 Not singer Sylvia 38 Cationary's call 39 "Dr." from Compton

Plus of of our games plus over 10,000 past puzzles for Wexile, Spelling Bee, The Crossword and more online at http://nytimes.com/games. For puzzle talk, visit http://nytimes.com/vacobaby.

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»

THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

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There's So Much To Hear Here

'Soundwalking' New York City with a scholar and designer who is versed in the fine art of listening.

By PATRICIA LEIGH BROWN

Those seeking the true throbbing pulse of New York City might consider knowing style and poison ivy to boost over an algae-ridden pond in Central Park while Jacob Smolicki fishes for sound.

Smolicki is an artist, scholar and designer based in Stockholm who has dedicated his practice to the fine art of listening, often recording sounds and vibrations of the city that were morally normally can't beat.

On a recent Sunday, a photographer and I accompanied Smolicki on 'soundwalks' around Manhattan and Brooklyn, aided by the sensitive microphones he carries to help people engage with their most environments. Out efforts to commute with maple trees, aquatic snails and waterfalls in the park met with some fierce competition, including a saxophonist belting out 'My Girl' at the entrance to the Rumble and distant Sestiba drummers from the Puerto Rican Day parade.

Fresh from completing a Lamb Fellowship at Harvard, Smolicki made an excursion to New York City, where he has taken soundwalks over the years. As a pond in the North Woods of Central Park, near 102nd Street, our sound sherpa gave us headsets as he cast an underwater microphone into the murky deep.

Sound carries faster through water than through air, and soon we heard a pink-pink-pinking. It was followed by what sounded like bacon sizzling in a frying pan, which turned out to be a bubbly photosynthesizing elixir of microbes, decaying stock and insect larvae. Then there was a clicking – possibly aquatic snails, Smolicki said – and the quiet page of fish mouths opening and closing, a miraculous sound that this lapsed fly fisherman thought she would never hear. Somewhere in the humid thickets a bullfrog crooked.

The term 'soundwalking' was coined in the early 1970s by the Canadian composer R. Murray Schuler, who encouraged individual and group walks. He established the World Soundscape Project at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver to draw attention to the increasing intensity of noise and the importance of capturing natural and community soundscapes.

Although much can be discerned with the naked ear, especially with practice, Smolicki's microphones were portals into the city's hidden sand universe.

A small stream tumbling over rocks in the park was transformed into Victoria Falls. At the foot of a maple tree, he attached homemade geophones – copper and ceramic discs encased in a plastic Kinder rag and extended with a knitting needle to detect underground vibrations. He set up a second mic swaddled in a fuzzy wind protector known as a 'dead car' – a term he has disabled over since valiative art that around him in Florida, mimicking the Sun for a real dead car.

Sound travels through roots. Smolicki rubbed the maple's bark, which gave off a rachery scratching sound. He then moved on to a different tree – some intensity. I tried it myself as a tree even further away, and it was just as loud. 'We tried to perceive trees as vertical, but actually they are more horizontal,' Smolicki said. 'Sound helps us visualize something that is otherwise imperceptible.'

Imperceptible or not-so, it's the Summer of Sound in New York and beyond. Crowds have been flocking to 'Climatum: NYC' at the Park Avenue Armory, a 'sonic meditation' by the French artist Cléron Bourcier-Mosgrave in which circular pads hold nearly 800 hobbing ceramic bowls, their rims gently colliding.

At the 2026 Venice Art Biennale, the 17th-century Guardian Mission, or enyale garden, at the Holy See Pavilion offers a recpt in 'The Ear to the Eye of the Soul' (through Nov. 22). It's an invitation for 'slowness and contemplation,' with headsets for visitors to listen to artists' leading sounds embedded in the paths – Brian Eno beneath the lavender, for instance, or Patti Smith by the rose trellis. The curators, Hans Ulrich Obrist and Ben Vickers, in collaboration with the international Soundwalk Collective, were inspired by a 12th-century enyale, Saint Hildegard of Bingen, for whom listening and sonic awareness was a cosmology.

'A lot of visual artists have experienced an interest in working with sound,' Obrist said. 'In this busy and turbulent environment, it's a concentrated moment.'

For Smolicki, 43, Soundwalks provide an opportunity to 'take a break' from the visually dominant culture – and the incessant text alerts, ringtones, laptop start-up chimes, microwave plugs, seatbelt warzing keeps, and constant dope into Bluetooth earbuds, to name a few. The upshot?

'We may be hearing, but not listening,' he said. Smolicki is a co-founder, with his colleague Tim Shaw, of the Walking Festival of Sound, a biennial event celebrating the role of sound in everyday environments. The Festival debated in Stockholm and Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in 2019 and has traveled recently to the Boston area. It now also appears online.

Walking with him is a moving meditation, an invitation to awaken the senses.

For years Smolicki has carried around a small audio recorder to keep a sound diary of public places. Walking past Lincoln Center – where his plan to record dancing on the plaza was thwarted by a barrier – he recalled the work of one of his heroes, Tony Schwartz (1922-2000), the so-called King of Sound.

Schwartz modified an early reel-to-reel tape recorder to make it portable and captured the life and songs of his immigrant-rich Lincoln Square neighborhood on the Upper West Side, and recorded its demolition to make way for Lincoln Center. His recordings include the four-minute Sound

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Top left, Jacob Smolicki to Central Park. Elsewhere, photographs of some of the steps that were made during a recent soundwalking test, which included listening to underground vibrations. "We tend to perceive trees as vertical, but actually they are more horizontal," Smolicki said.

Picture of New York, among others, in the Library of Congress.

Another revered figure, the soundscape ecologist, musician and naturalist Bernie Krause, has centrally marked and archived the natural habitats of thousands of creatures over decades. His 2012 book "The Great Animal Orchestra" is an ode to the world's natural soundscapes. It's also a commentary on their disappearance because of human noise, ecological destruction and climate change.

Smolicki was born in Krakow, Poland, during the period of martial law imposed by the communist government to crack down on the familiarly movement (the parents were members). His father, an architect-turned stage designer, and mother, an ethnographer turned constant designer, organized listening sessions of music by banned Western bands like Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple in the basement.

He recalled a story from his youth to which his mother, Anna, who "sought sanity in nature," was heartstick to find that a neighbor had cut down a row of beautiful trees, like asked her sons to place candles on the stamps. Several months later the neighbor planted new trees. "It taught me that soft activities can change peoples' perspectives," Smolicki said. "I sometimes think of soundwalking as an intimate form of activities."

Smolicki trained as a product designer but grew disenchanted with "producing yet more things." He moved to Stockholm in 2007 for a new master's program in "Imperceive design" founded by the conceptual artist Ronald Jones at Knuckle University, gravitating to sound — what the Hollywood film editor and sound designer Walter Moritz has called "the shadow sense." Essentially relegated to a secondary role behind visual storytelling.

Since then, Smolicki — who has three master's degrees and a Ph.D. — has become something of a global sound soundbacklee. In Finnish Lapland, he MacGyvered an antenna using found wood and a speed of copper to listen to electromagnetic energy from lightning strikes. He also recorded Saint Matthew modern and ruined barbed wire from World War II that vibrated eerily in the rain, like Harry Berman's sonic sculptures.

At the Canaveral National Sounders in Florida he led soundwalks for visitors during a something arts residency at the Soundscape Field Station. There, he was struck by the contrast between the park's seeming wildlife — telecars, dolphins, man-stows, sexualities — and Shanderson launches from NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center, 45 miles away, "the oxygen exploding, the sonic lessons you physically sense," he said.

During the pandemic, he got stuck in Vancouver at the Sante Research Studio and started listening to tidal pools along the sea walls — hearing nothing at first and then driven by a "permanent scraping." It turned out to be Imperex aquatic snails that have teeth stronger than Kevlar to feed an algae and excoriate rock. (He said he wouldn't mind being reincarnated as a limpet.)

But Imperex are among the many aquatic

Doing Your Own Soundwalk

You don't need a sound chergu or microphone to do a soundwalk!

You really need to slow down and listen. "Before you start moving,

stand still and simply notice what you hear," Jacob Smolicki advises.

"Walk slower than what feels natural."

On soundwalks he'll often ask:

What is the most immediate sound you hear and what is the most distant one? The tainient and the loudest? What species other than

humans occupy the place? Can you hear them? What would the place have sounded like 16, 100 or 1,000

years ago? What artificial sounds are present, like traffic or the hum of air-conditioners? What's pleasant and unpleasant about it?

At the walk's close, stand still again. Notice whether anything you hear now seems different from

when you started.

PATRICIA LEIGH BROWN

opposite under threat from warming seas. Noise pollution has affected the navigational abilities of whales and other marine mammals, limiting their capacity to detect sounds from predators and prey.

Soundwalking can also carry actions of the past. Smolicki developed a memorial soundwalk through the former Jewish Ghetto in Krakow commemorating the 70th anniversary of its liquidation. Nearby is the site of what was the RT. Phantom concentration camp, now a memorial and built on the grounds of two Jewish cemeteries.

That site-specific installation and soundwalk, created with Razerovics. Elements, a Krakow expert, hone together held recordings, readings from survivors' diaries and sounds re-created from their memories — ballet clippers tapping to the wooden floor of a children's ballet school, for instance. It concludes at Plassom, the sounds growing fainter and then going silent.

To avoid what Smolicki called a "clean, clinically processed sound," he placed the analog tape of a lullaby in dirt in the vicinity of the camp for an ambient effort — to "shoe the site to affect the material," he said.

But he still feels a genuine affection for New York, where he finds people talk loudly to be heard over the die (at least compared with Stockholm). On our walk, we "our witnessed" a Salient hot-dog stand's hot fuzzy generator before taking the subway to the Brooklyn Bridge, where he captured its vibrating walkway and staccato of speeding cars clip-chipping over metal plates.

When he applied his homegrown microphone to a body pipe beneath the West Side Highway, it seemed like a doctor applying a stethoscope to a quivering and dubious patient.

On Fifth Avenue, he clonably picked up an orange traffic cone and placed the narrow part on my ear. The cellophane of taste and garbage trucks was reduced instantly to perfect white noise that could help any of us underrate mountain.

We stood before our final Manhattan archetype, an orange and white striped Con Edison stack, funneling, plumes of vapor from a manhole cover into the air. Smolicki attached his microphone. The stack loined like a snake.

It was just another New Yorker blowing off steam.

"We may be hearing, but not listening," Smolicki said. He trained as a product designer but grew disenchanted, he said, with "producing yet more things."

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© Chet S. Tucker

Above, Jay Armstrong, Minson, left, and Dean Moss in the new parody of "Heated Rivalry" Left, Johnson and Moss. "I've allotted me one recent reading sounding like I was from Transylvania," Johnson said.

'Heated Rivalry' Parody Skates a Fine Line

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12

Dylan, how did you decide to turn the TV series into a musical parody?

BYLAN MARCADELLI I loved the show very quickly, and so I started to pay in down little notes about things that stood out to me things that are very moving or are a bit like, "hah, why I'd buy do that?" I'd wait [the only thing that I would refer back to so that I didn't get too deep into the show itself and accidentally do an adaptation instead of a parody.

JOHN MOON I think the framing device that you created with the Season is brilliant.

What was the casting process like?

JAY ARMSTRONG JOHNSON Alan Kiffler, our director and producer, did into my 1984, and asked me if I'd be interested. I said you have even reading this brilliant script or hearing these brilliant tunes.

MOON Zach Piner, who's a genius, was

Shane in the concert readings, and now he's doing "Maybe Happy Endings," so y'all needed an Aidan.

Did you ever build offending someone who really loves the series?

MARCADELLI It all really came out of a place of joy. The biggest swings are the departures from the material. I will say that, like, the hardest song to write was the final song, "I Can Blast," because I have nothing to make fun of. That moment [when Ilya goes to Shane's cottage] was perfect.

Do you feel pressure shipping into the roles of Ilya and Shane?

JOHNSON I could feel it from the jump when they first announced us in this on the internet. Just to see the discourse from the world at large about "how dare you take this perfect piece of art and make fun of it! Wait! wait! wait! This is a love letter to a love story!"

"We were just going to put out two concerts, and that was it. But the two concerts sold out in 48 hours."

ALAN KLEPPER DIRECTOR OF THE HEATED RIVALRY PARODY

MOON You're not supposed to read the comments, but someone commented, "I'd think like they took Connor [Starrie] and Hudson [Williams] to faces and run over them with a truck." It was, like, "That was a new head-shot!"

Starrie got a lot of praise for his Russian accent —

JOHNSON Heard about that.

How did you prop?

JOHNSON I walked into the concert reading sounding like I was from Transylvania because I was like, "It's a parody, right?" And this team ended me in very quickly. My friend Christopher Galt, who's a Broadway actor and a really great dialect coach, and I had a few sessions to make sure I got it in a place that feels real, and not a caricature of itself.

Dylan, what has it been like for the show to

expand to Canada and Britain?

MARCADELLI I thought this was going to be a one-night-only concert, and to see it grow to three and counting different productions in issues. It was but coming up with the different little adjustments for the London and Edinburgh productions. The associate director ever there was like, "OK, we don't really have Shutterfly, but we have this little story called Snappy Snap."

Do any of you care about hockey?

MARCADELLI I will say it's the only sport that I have ever enjoyed myself in the audience of.

MOON The audience?

JOHNSON What do you call it? The crowd? The stands?

MARCADELLI Well, anyway, I remember it being, like, fun and zippy.

ELISABETH VINCENTELLI | STREAMING SCI-FI

Alien Encounters That Include the Kinky Kind

One extraterrestrial helps, another seduces, and an outsider goes to a new world.

'Project Hail Mary'

Stream it in Amazon Prime Video.

Working on this column involves watching a lot of despair-inducing stories about intracolite challenges, from environmental wreckage to technology run amok. But problems always have solutions in the two movies based on Andy Weir novels — "The Mariner" (2015) and now "Project Hail Mary".

The two professionals Phil Luvill and Christopher Miller's film may be set in some space, but it relies on quality values like tinkering, perseverance and problem-solving ingenuity, and emphasizes the importance of cooperation. It's "Project Hail Mary," Ry-

land Grace (Ryan Goding) is the only survivor of a last-ditch mission to stop cosmic micro-organisms from eating away at the sun's energy and causing an eclectronic event on Earth. A gifted biologist who ended up teaching kids before being selected for the one-way journey to water space, Ryland eventually teams up with an envoy from the equally endangered planet End whom he names Rocky. The movie mixes their relationship to sometimes cecit-inducing inventions, but it's also hard not to be seduced by the old couple's chemistry as they attempt to figure out how the herb to defeat the so-called scrooglings. In our current moment, a movie about building alliances with aliens in ultra-universal problems feels downright refreshing. Compected bonus: a dryly funny turn by the German actress Sandra Müller ("Academy of a Fall") in a key supporting role.

'Videomile 1969'

Stream it on Hoopla. Rent or buy it on Amazon Prime Video.

A whole cottage industry has emerged from claims of U.F.G. sightings in the United States — places like Roswell to New Mexico and Arus 51 in Nevada are entrenched in pay culture at this point. No matter what one thinks of these phenomena, they have not inspired as many hands and movies to play coverties. The modern Duntalapa P' half's addition to the flying cancer vision automatically interesting, especially since it draws on real events that happened six decades ago.

This French movie starts off like a Marcel Pagnol-esque: panzo to life in Provence, with locals drinking pasta at soft terraces and eating croissants. The stylist setting is thrown into turmoil when a shaken Maurice (Matthias Van Kluyter) announces that he has seen a small spaceship in his lavender field, with humanoid creatures andling ahead. This was, Jousen's (Voltaire Gecarter), is not sure what to make of her husband's story, and soon little historian is the center of a media crisis. Some director that the strange object was an aircraft from a military operation taking place nearby, left then what to make of the strange marks left in the field? Filled in clearly sympathetic toward Maurice, who comes across as sinners, and is wrecked by all the attention he made withoutant.

'The Outer Threat'

Rent or buy it in most major platforms.

Daniel (Mark O'Brien) and Michelle (Constance Wu), both outrightly critic, give us an isolated farm, home-attending their children (Callista Crowe and Isaac Sauter-Zhang). The property features a small research station set up in an underground bunker, from which Daniel obsessively

members the skies. Right after he spent an anomaly that suggests the existence of alien life, all told female honor. Cross-nutritionless disappear and a swarm of menacing drones materializes out of nowhere. The family takes off in their truck and heads toward the one person they feel will understand what's going on. Michelle's estranged father (Oscar Hsu), also a scientist. He does reveal a big piece of the puzzle, and it involves artificial intelligence. So now there are two huge unknowns to deal with possible aliens and A.I.

That's a lot for one movie, and William Woulitz's "The Outer Threat" leaves much unexplained. At its best, it focuses on the arguments between Daniel and Michelle, who embody very different worldviews and thus different ways to respond to the new threats. Daniel tells her, "You have such the faith in humanity" to which she responds, "Not without reason." I love to say, I think I'm Team Michelle on this one.

From top, Ryan Goding is "Project Hail Mary," which is now remaining as Amazon Prime Video. Albert Birney's "OBEX" which is on Night Flight Plus and Hoopla.

'Touch Me'

Stream it on Smarter.

If you've ever missed about what Levorcraft as a psychosexual horror run-cum would be like, Addison Heimann's movie offers the beginning of an answer. "Touch Me" starts with an extended monologue to which Joey (Olivia Taylor Dudley, "The Magician") recounts to a therapist her relationship with a trackout-wearing, human-looking alien named Brian (Jim Taylor Pucci). This is only delayed gratification because we do get to meet Brian, a pantexual being who has his way with both Joey and her gay roommate, Craig (Jordan Gavaris, from "Orphan Black"). Heimann plays the two friends who have been relationship for comedy, and their interactions with Brian have a normal flair — which is bound to happen considering the alien is, or, tentacled.

The portrayal of Brian's hold on his partners lands like a satire of compositology and of gurus who use sexuality to control people while pretending to help them deal with their traumas. "Touch Me" meanders at times, but at least Heimann applies a distinctive aesthetic and sensibility — soon botations? — to this close encounter of the kinky kind.

'OBEX'

Stream it on Night Fight Plus and Hoopla. Rent or buy it or most major platforms.

After "Strawberry Mansion," which he wrote and directed with Kentucker Audley, Albert Birney confirms his status as one of the most interesting figures in American weird cinema. Here he once again summons a set generic universe, rooted in the bygone days of analog technology and plan-based aesthetics.

Set in 1987, "OBEX" follows Conor (Birney), a Baltimore recluse who creates portraits of people with the Apple computer's keyboard characters — for viewers of a certain generation, the 4th-matrix printer's sound will act as a veritable Proustian database. For entertainment, he practices a primitive version of the 4th. The 4th is a Gary Nunnart's "Cars" (I especially good). Conor's only companion is his dog, Sandy, so his world crumbles when she disappears after he starts playing the mysterious title game. Conor transforms into a new, yet similar to enter the game's world, leading to mind-seeking adventures where it's unclear what's real and what isn't. Sustained by experts black-and-white cinematic graphs, by Pike-Illis, who wrote the screenplay with Birney's and constantly inventive art direction, this film feels like a Bizarre version of "Pee-wee's Playhouse" — unsettling under an eccentric exterior.

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3 THE NEW OLD AGE

Greater danger for older pedestrians who have been hit by a motor vehicle.

5 CONSERVATION

A $200 million effort to help save a hundred species of animals and plants.

7 WELL

Amid shortages of estrogen patches, advice for women to avoid missing doses.

SCIENCE | MEDICINE | TECHNOLOGY | HEALTH

ScienceTimes

The New York Times

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020 B6

6

Scientists recently found smallpox viruses in the 500-year-old remains of people in Chile.

Smallpox's Genetic Mystery

Did the virus evolve into a global killer after centuries of being only a mild infection?

By CARL JUMMER

Perhaps an disease has inspired more terror than smallpox. Edward Jenner, who invented the smallpox vaccine in 1796, called it "the most dreadful scourge of the human species." In the 20th century alone, smallpox is estimated to have killed 300 million people. The eradication of the virus in the 1970s stands as one of the great triumphs of medicine. And yet, five decades later, smallpox still haunts us, as the world worries about its resurrection as a biological weapon.

For all the anxiety that smallpox inspires, its history remains remarkably mysterious. Researchers don't know how smallpox first evolved or how long it has plagued humanity. But over the past decade geneticists have offered a new line of evidence, as they find smallpox DNA still lacking in the bodies of people who died centuries ago.

Last month, researchers revealed the latest genetic trace in a paper published in Science. For the first time, they have found ancient smallpox genomes from the Americas, hiding in diatreses in Chile that date back about 500 years.

These DNA fragments have prompted scientists to think about smallpox in a new light. It may not have begun as the dreaded killer we think of it as today. It's possible that it was a relatively mild infection for centuries, taking many generations to evolve into Jenner's dreadful scourge.

Hendrik Poinar, an expert on ancient smallpox at McMaster University in Ontario, who was not involved in the new study, said he was not aware of any other disease that had taken such a course. "This is very strange," he said.

Scientists generally agree that the smallpox virus jumped into humans from another species. Other animals carry a variety of related viruses, but scientists have yet to find a virus that could have been the forerunner.

"We're not any closer to knowing the actual reservoir species from which smallpox came, which to me is kind of amazing," Dr. Poinar said.

To understand when smallpox first started killing humans, researchers have looked at mammalled remains, searching for the more and scare the virus creates. The mummy of Pharaoh Runners V, which dates back 3,000 years, has peckmarks on its cheeks; many experts have suggested it's the oldest trace of smallpox in human history.

CONTINUED ON PAGE B4

TELL HOLDING ON JULY 10, 1980

Dr. Jörg Mayer, center, and two students at the University of Georgia's veterinary teaching hospital inspecting a honeybee hive in Athens, Ga., in June.

When the Affection Is 'Love Bombing'

A form of idealization and seduction that can lead to emotional abuse. Page 7.

Keeping Hives Abuzz

By EMILY ANTHER

At the University of Georgia's veterinary teaching hospital, aspiring animal doctors learn to minister to a menagerie: dogs with dermatitis and horses with colic, diabetic cats and malnourished parrots, bleeding rabbits and wheezing snakes.

"Whatever bugs through the door," said Dr. Jörg Mayer, an exotic animal vet at the hospital. "In skieurs."

But on a breezy Sunday morning in April, Dr. Mayer was in a small, overgrown field, teaching students how to make house calls on a group of patients that rarely made it through the original door — or onto the standard veterinary curriculum. The students climbed into stiff white jumpouts, doomed protective mesh hoods and prepared to make the rounds on hundreds of thousands of honeybees.

"Is everybody ready?" Dr. Mayer asked.

Over the next two hours, the students examined more than a dozen hives, holding the wax rumbs up to the sun and searching for

More veterinarians are joining the fight to protect honeybee colonies against deadly threats like parasites and diseases.

signs of disease: the stunted wings, discolored larvae or minuscule mites that can spell serious trouble for the nation's bees and, by extension, its food supply.

Honeybees are agricultural all-stars, pollinating roughly 3/5 billion worth of crops — more than 100 types of fruit, vegetables and nuts — every year. They are also increasingly in danger, plagued by parasites and pathogens and weakened by climate change, pesticides and malnutrition.

More dis-offs have become commonplace; during the 2024-25 season, the United States lost more than half of its managed honeybee colonies. Bookers get a lot of money to keep their bees alive," said Bob Binnie, a commercial bookerger who owns the Blue Ridge Honey Company in Lakemont, Ga.

The honeybee medicine program at the University of Georgia is part of a nascent but growing effort to enlist veterinarians in the fight. More veterinary students are already required to master the biological basics of a variety of domestic creatures, such as dogs. CONTINUED ON PAGE B8

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D2

6

Observatory

FINDINGS, EVENTS AND WORK

PREGNANCY TESTS

For Ultrasounds of Giant Mantas, House Calls Are Now Available

Giant manta rays are otherworldly leviathans gliding through the world's seas on huge wings. But even though they are the largest ray species in the world, a fundamental part of their lives remains obscure: where they give birth.

"The big unknown for us now is where females go to pup and where these pups hang out," said Joshua Stewart, a marine ecologist at Oregon State University.

Now, a team of scientists in Mexico has reported the first use of underwater ultrasound scans to detect pregnancies in these animals, a strategy that may help answer that question.

An endangered species, giant oceanic mantas are sparsely distributed and travel vast distances, making many aspects of their reproduction hard to study. So Madalena Cabral, a marine ecologist at Mares de

México Giant Manta Project, led two expeditions, in Revillagigedo National Park, about 250 miles off Baja California in Mexico.

On dives to locate female mantra rays, Dr. Cabral let each animal grow comfortable with her presence before holding an ultrasound probe near its body — without touching it. She recorded the sonograms on an iPhone 15 in a waterproof housing.

It took time to learn how to inter-

pret the resulting images. But one night, while reviewing recent footage, Dr. Cabral realized she was looking at a mantra fetus. "Once you see it, you can't unsee it," she said.

Soon, Dr. Cabral was able to recognize a pregnancy underwater while scanning a mantra during a dive. She confirmed pregnancies in three giant mantas. The mantas were given tags so that their journeys could be tracked by satellite. ALEIA ROBLES-GIL

NOT SO MILD LIFE

Marmots Cavort on Adult Platform, But Provide G-Rated Content Only

Daniel Blumstein, a biologist, sat in a field in Gothic, Colo., waiting to see a marmot. The rodent was elusive, leaving his thoughts to wander.

He lamented a lack of funding for his work amid federal cuts to scientific research. Then he alighted on the TV show "Marge's Got Money Troubled" and that's when the epiphany came.

Perhaps the show's plot, about a single mother who, unable to find conventional work, turns to the adult-content site OnlyFans to support herself, could be applied to marmots and research funding.

Back at his lab, Dr. Blumstein pitched the idea to his colleagues. One student suggested naming the profile OnlyMartos.

"It's going to be G-rated, and we're not going to sexualize this," said Dr. Blumstein, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. The account, which uploads research videos of marmots harrowing arms or scurrying across rocks, offers free subscriptions but asks for tips, which go to funding studies by Dr. Blumstein's team.

Dr. Blumstein said that his insect's research could be invaluable in understanding how animals and humans behave and evolve. KIMMITT LOONIER

RIVENNUS APPETITES

Darwin Was Right: These Plants Survive as Carnivores

Charles Darwin loved a deep dive. He devoted years to studying barnacles and obsessed over breeding pigeons.

But one of his most enduring backscenes was carnivorous plants. He called the Venus flytrap "one of the most wonderful plants in the world" and once remarked that he cared more about sundawe, plants that sport sticky, flypaper-like traps, "than the origin of all the species in the world."

In 1875, Darwin published a treatise on carnivorous plants that featured several species he thought could be flesh-eating flora. Among them were hardy alpine plants in the genus Sasillraga that had sticky hairs reminiscent of his beloved sundawe. Darwin tempted two European Sasillraga species with insects

during feeding experiments, but he was ultimately unable to prove that the species were carnivorous.

More than 150 years later, scientists have vindicated Darwin's hypothesis. A team of researchers recently served tiny flies to another Sasillraga species native to China. Their findings showed that the plant does digest and absorb sustenance from trapped prey (shown above).

According to Hong Sun, a researcher in China and one of the authors of the paper, the findings reveal that carnivory has deep roots. "This implies carnivorous plants could be more wide-spread than we currently know and that more species are hiding the ability to digest prey," he said. JACK THAISOLA

'I think that's quite commendable, because they don't get any guidance from anywhere on what they should be doing.'

Dr. Moritz Hanke, a fellow at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, on precautions researchers look to prevent an artificial-intelligence model from generating genomes of viruses that could threaten humans.

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D3

THE NEW OLD AGE | PAULA SPAN

Older Pedestrians Fare Worse When Hit by a Car

Several factors make them more vulnerable than others.

ON AN ACCENT MORNING two years ago, Meredith Melville was crossing Piedmont Avenue in Oakland, Calif., to meet a friend at a cafe. While in the crosswalk, she noticed a car some distance away.

Perhaps she misjudged its speed, she said, because she had walked only partway across the street when the car, a Toronto sedan, came bearing down on her.

"She should have seen me," Ms. Melville said of the driver. "All of a sudden she was there, and I didn't have any way to get out of her way. I flew I don't know how many feet."

Passers-by came to help; the police and an ambulance arrived. Seen Ms. Melville, a retired teacher, was at a hospital being treated for multiple fractures. Surgeons replaced her right hip and repaired her broken right elbow. She would probably need a knee replacement zone, doctors advised.

After a week's hospitalization and a month in rehabilitation, Ms. Melville, then 72, went home in a wheelchair. Physical therapists helped her gradually progress to a walker and then a cane, but "it was a long process," she said. She contends with back and knee pain, and hasn't been able to resume the hiking and backpacking she loved.

Still, when people say she's lucky, Ms. Melville agrees. "It could have been a lot worse," she said.

It often is.

Older pedestrians, like Ms. Melville, aren't injured by motor vehicles at a greater rate than younger ones, according to 2013 data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. But they're more likely to die. The death rate for pedestrians over 65 is higher than the average for all ages. Nearly 8,200 pedestrians 65 or older were injured that year — likely an undercount because not all serious crashes and injuries show up in police reports. Over 1,500 died. And the picture is not improving.

Researchers point out that older pedestrians remain more vulnerable to collisions. "They move through intersections at a slower pace," said Andrew Randle, an epidemiologist at Columbia University. Impaired hearing or vision can make them less apt to notice approaching vehicles or respond to traffic signals. And because reaction time slows with age, they're less able to evade a car that's turning, speeding or ignoring a signal.

Physically, they "have greater frailty, loss of muscle mass and fragile bones," Dr. Randle added.

As a result, "the consequences of injuries are stratospherically different the older you get," said Charles DiMaggio, an injury epidemiologist at the New York University

Grossman School of Medicine. "A hip fracture in a 45-year-old is unfortunate. In a 75-year-old, it's tragic."

Moreover, after a marked decline in pedestrian deaths among all age groups from 1975 to the mid-2000s, progress for the older population has stalled for nearly 20 years.

Data from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows that from about 2006 through 2024, the fatality rate for pedestrians 75 or older was not only higher than the average for all ages but "has stayed stubbornly flat," Dr. Randle said.

One factor could be exposure: Older adults appear increasingly likely to be outdoors on foot. The National Health and Aging Trends Study shows that the proportion who report walking for exercise climbed to

The New Old Age is produced through a partnership with IFF Health News.

65 percent in 2023 from 60 percent in 2011. "And we encourage them to, because quality of life includes daily physical activity," said Stephen Mooney, an injury epidemiologist at the University of Washington.

Further, the increasing popularity of large S.U.V.s and trucks means "the vehicles on the road have become more dangerous" compared with sedans, Dr. Randle said. In June, a New York Times investigation documented the way their taller heads and larger blind zones contributed to rising fatalities.

The latest threat: explosive growth in the use of e-bikes — a generic term often used to refer not only to motor-assisted bicycles that, with pedaling, can reach 20 miles per hour, but also to heavier, faster and there-

fore more dangerous bikes akin to motorcycles. The industry calls those e-notes.

"It seems need to be regulated like motor vehicles," said Noah Miterko of the trade association PeopleForBikes, noting that stones and cities are taking steps to police their sale and use. From 2019 to 2023, the rate of e-bike injuries increased by nearly 390 percent, according to an analysis of emergency room data published in The American Journal of Public Health.

The "microstability" phenomenon, or the uptick in motorized two-wheeled vehicles, is no recent that researchers lack national data on its risks to pedestrians. In New York City, for instance, pedestrians remain far more likely to be hurt or die in encounters with cars, trucks or vans. Last year, the city recorded 112 pedestrian deaths, of which 105 involved motor vehicles.

But "my clinical colleagues are sounding the alarm," Dr. DiMaggio said. "Emergency departments and trauma teams are saying we need to pay more attention" to e-bike injuries.

One often overlooked factor in pedestrian deaths: alcohol. Among adult pedestrians killed in nighttime crashes, about a third had blood alcohol levels indicating intoxication; so did about 20 percent of those killed during the day.

"It's almost a blind spot," Dr. Randle said. "We talk about drunk drivers a lot" but less about indictated pedestrians.

Nevertheless, crashes that cause injury and death are preventable, said Laura Suneh, co-director of the Highway Safety Research Center at the University of North Carolina. Federal and local government policies have evolved since the era when pedestrian fatalities "sweared just part of the business of driving," she said.

More than 200 municipalities have adopted the Vision Zero approach, for instance, a public health focus on programs and environments that increase traffic safety for all ages. Changes that can save lives involve improved street design (pedestrian islands, crosswalks, lighting and humped-use curbs making street-crossers more visible), safer signal timing (giving pedestrians's head start over turning cars) and lowered speed limits.

A recent study of where older pedestrians die in collisions found that the risk was substantially greater in places with a high density of walkable senior destinations, like hospitals and health facilities, pharmacies, and senior and community centers. That suggests the possibility of traffic strategies targeting such neighborhoods.

Traffic safety "shouldn't rely on a pedestrians noticing a car coming and jumping out of the way," said Dr. Mooney, one of the authors of the study. "Our job is to make the system safer for all ages and capacities."

Drawing upon decades of experience.

One of our White House reporters has covered six administrations. Our White House photographer has covered eight.

The New York Times

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D4

Race to Vaccinate Endangered Birds Against Avian Flu

In New Zealand, conservation experts are trying to show the march of the viral disease.

By LISAFA CRONO

SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA. It's not easy to vaccinate New Zealand's rare birds. It can more often involve a journey to a remote island or deep forest. Then researchers must locate the bird, which could be camouflaged on the ground or up a tree. Next, they must capture it and administer the vaccine. And a few months later, they do it all again when the bird needs to be more clear.

But for New Zealand's Department of Conservation is still, it is a matter of deceiving the country's endangered rodents: wildlife against the deadly HIVN bird flu.

New Zealand officials know it was only a matter of time before the disease arrived in the country. As a process in the 1920s (one was detected in Australia in June, the department's staff-named pre-emptively vaccinating up to 200 of New Zealand's rarest and most at-risk birds.

Just weeks later in July, New Zealand confirmed two cases of HIVN in wild birds in Wellington, the capital.

Ask Murphy, the department's biosecurity and weeds manager, said that some rodents operate — how long these found naturally in only one place on Earth — were already low.

"Any new threat, like bird flu, can have a pretty devastating impact," he said.

As part of the plan, 300 birds from five key species — including the kakapo, the world's latest parrot, of which just 220 ro-

main — are being vaccinated first. There are only a handful of such of these species containing no species breeding programs in the wild. The government hopes to complete this phase as soon as possible before moving on to other species.

The vaccination work can be difficult. The kakapo is found on offshore islands in the deep south. Rangers, using trackers, have to locate the bird (which can climb high up into trees with its strong claws) and can't it. They can also use the opportunity to carry out health checks, Mr. Murphy said.

The authorities have so far vaccinated about 30 birds. Over this phase it complete, another 23 species will be vaccinated — including rare birds and the lea, a playful and intelligent bird that is the world's only alpine parrot.

Many of New Zealand's birds are flightless, a bird developed because the country was isolated by millions of years and had no ground-dwelling predators until humans introduced them. As a result, they evolved to 60 gaps left by mammals. Birds had a special place in the hearts of New Zealanders, who refer to themselves as Kives.

Bird flu swept across Europe, Africa and Asia in 2030. In late 2012, it showed up in North America, storming through Canada and the United States. In the fall of 2023, the virus appeared in South America, spreading more to the top of the continent in the months.

Thousands of wild birds and mammals—including foxes, cats, sea bees and dolphins—have died after contracting the disease. There have also been rare cases in humans after close contact with birds.

Bird flu is hard to stop, especially if wild

New Zealand's Department of Conservation staff members vaccinating a flightless takahic virus into Whitewash Wildlife Reserve last month.

migratory birds or animals carry it with them as they travel the globe.

"You can't block migration pathways in the same way that you could stop trade in animals or contact predators, and also the movement of people," said Nigel French, a distinguished professor of infectious disease epidemiology at Minney University in

New Zealand. "So it does represent something quite different to anything else we've seen."

But scientists have been able to learn from other disease outbreaks, including the coronavirus pandemic, he added.

As a result, the basic practices around controlling disease have improved, including biosecurity barriers, movement restrictions and genomic sequencing to track the origin and spread of the disease. Vaccines have also become more effective.

At Mildenbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch, staff members have been preparing for bird flu for several years. Laura Ashton, the facility's wildlife operations manager, said in a statement.

"We are looking for a thing a shade shift over selected habitats to show wild birds, snuffing feeding and water stations to reduce access for pests, and stronger biosecurity protocols for animal cures."

He said, "We have a flightless bird of which only 100 remain — have been vaccinated at the facility."

Fifriats said that they would not be able to reabuse bird flu, but that it would be a matter of deceiving to live in it. Last week, Australia confirmed the first mass wildlife deaths from the disease in greater costed term blood as an island off South Australia's case. Fifriats have received more wildlife will be affected.

Mr. Murphy, the biosecurity manager, was "pretty confident" in New Zealand's area. But he said that there was uncertainty as to how the disease would affect previous and endemic species.

"It's a bit of a waiting game to see what happens," he said.

Cannes of Calera in Chile, site of an Incain cemetery; scientists re-vacuating remains from there looking for tuberculosis DNA-based smallpox DNA.

Smalpox's Genetic Mystery

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 31

But Dr. Peinar no longer obtains that view. "I don't fear Benson," he said.

Dr. Peinar changed the opinion after he discovered how well other pathogens can mimic smallpox. He and his colleagues examined the body of a child who had died in Italy nearly 500 years ago, considered the oldest physical evidence of smallpox from the 1920s. He found that a colleagues showed no smallpox DNA. Instead, they found genes from hepatitis B, which can cause a facial rash that resembles smallpox sores.

In 2016, Dr. Peinar and his colleagues of broad ag. for more compelling proof of ancient smallpox. In 2014, They found genetic fragments of the virus in the body of child who lived in Lithuania in the 1890s.

Four years later, another team of research and research smallpox DNA, in the top of an 18th-century infant preserved in a London museum. Even more surprising was the discovery by other researchers if how smallpox generates from the Viking data. The data for the northern Europeans who had lived between 1,000 and 1,400 years ago.

The newest discovery of ancient smallpox was made 4,000 visits to the west, on a colleague where a smallpox in modern Chile, at a site called Camarones X it was there, in the 1930s, that archaeologists discovered an Incain cemetery.

Recently, researchers at the University of California, in the area of the cemetery of mains, using new techniques to search for DNA, including the genes of viruses and bacteria. The scientists afford through vast amounts of DNA left behind by soil and soil.

Cinemania in the Buenos Aires, a biological anthropologist at the University of Chile, and an author of the new study, said she had hoped they might find DNA from chimera like the sun, and she found that a new chemical ring before the arrival of Europeans.

"Smallpox was definitely not in our picture," she said.

But when she said her colleagues had finished searching through their data, they came up with genetically identical smallpox viruses, infecting a man and a woman who lived sometime between the late 1600s and early 2000s.

Dr. Castro and her colleagues then compared the genetic sequence of the Cx vaccines: 8 viruses to older and younger smallpox samples. Based on the similarities

and differences in the viral DNA, the researchers drove a family tree.

All known smallpox viruses appear to share a common viral ancestor that existed about 1,000 years ago. As the smallpox virus found new people to infect, its descendants split into distinct branches of the family tree.

The Viking viruses belong to branches that are not closely related to any modern smallpox strains. It appears that they become extinct orsinzins.

The Camarones 8 viruses from Chile occupy an intermediate spot on the smallpox family tree. They're more closely related to modern smallpox than the Viking viruses. But they split off as a distinct branch of their tree, which also appears to have disappeared. The viruses from Lithuania in the 1890s and England in the 1790s, in contrast, are very closely related to modern strains of the virus.

Over the centuries, the Castro and her colleagues found, smallpox had undergone a striking transformation. Mutations arise that completely disabled some of its genes. By the time the Viking smallpox viruses

Over the centuries,

mutations have arisen that completely disabled some of the virus's genes.

evoked, over two dozen genes had been shut down. Even more were lost in the Cx marines 8 viruses, and by the 1600s and 1700s, the viruses from Lithuania and England had lost even more.

"By our rough calculation, it looks like one or two genes per century," said Miguel Nakagawa, a geneticist at Young College (indite out) an author of the Camarones 8 study.

Living genes may have actually made the virus better at infecting humans. The virus may have abandoned ones that had helped it infect other species. Over centuries, it became more efficient at multiplying inside human cells. And as it showed out more new viruses, smallpox may have grown deadline.

In other words, only smallpox viruses might have been relatively mild. Dr. Peinar noted that there are no written evidence of smallpox outbreaks in northern Europe

during the period of the Viking viruses. It's possible that most people regularly survived smallpox and gained immunity to it.

The Camarones 8 study suggests that when the Spanish state of the Americas they brought with them smallpox viruses that had been circulating in Europe in the 1600s, ultimately the viruses reached the filigree people living in some communities.

Himerians have long suspected that Europeans brought smallpox to the New World, and that it then helped drive down the population of indigenous people there. But many historical records of outbreaks are ambiguous.

Sithanian Carraguac-Spencer, an evolutionary biologist at the Methodist Institute for Fine Health in Germany, said the new study despite any doubt that smallpox played a role in the devastation of the Americas.

"It confirms that the virus was already spreading quite American at the time," said Dr. Carraguac-Spencer, who was not worried in the new study.

Several factors could have made it deadline in the Americas. For starters, people there had no immunity to the new virus. And the famine, slavery and poverty observed in under colonial rule could have weakened their defenses even further.

"Because the Native Americans had zero exposure to the virus, it caused a lot of problems in their societies, even if it was intake in Europeans," Dr. Nakagawa said.

But smallpox was still not done evolving, the new study suggests. It's possible that the disease reached its modern levels of disability in the 1700s. Dr. Peinar speculated that the growing population in Europe might have allowed smallpox to become even deadline. Even if it was more likely to fall off a host or an epidemic, it was also more likely to find a new host to infect.

This scenario may fit the evidence that scientists have found so far, but there are huge results of history they don't yet understand. Most of the research on ancient DNA has traditionally focused on Europe, the historical records suggest that smallpox also circulated in parts of Africa and Asia the centuries.

"All of these are viral black boxes," said Dr. Carraguac-Spencer. "I just see 80 in these gaps, it would be difficult to create a global history of such an important disease."

Heart Drug Fallers, Toppling a Theory

The results of a study on inflammation have left experts objected.

By GINA BIKLEIN

News Norfolk received the cardiology world recently when it announced that a large study it was running on an experimental day for heart disease had failed. The drug, widely expected to be a blockbuster, was no better than a placebo.

The drug, nitroxalosis, is about inflammation, which is generally thought to be a cause of atherosclerosis. Stopping that inflammation was hoped to be a way to save lives.

Now the drug's failure to rain, was a troubling question. In inflammation really a cause or is it just a number of atherosclerosis. The way grey hair is a marker of aging?

Cardiologists had stoned you back to the news. Dr. Sanjay Kaur, a cardiologist at Cather Road, quoted Thomas Dunn's: "The great tragedy of science — the biology of a beautiful hyperbolic by air-pigy foci."

Dr. David Maren of Stanford, president of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology, said the result "covers as a surprise and a high-fatigue factor."

But he added, something could have been wrong with the study. Perhaps it just wasn't the right drug to target heart disease: inflammation, or studies, and so in the trial were no sick to be helped by and to life-threatening medications. There is too much evidence, he said, from pathology studies of people in a review, animal studies, epidemiological and other clinical trials, to interpret the inflammation hypothesis.

"Inflammation is more than a method of therapy, it is a cause of the disease," Dr. Maren said.

The News Norfolk study, called Zeno, involved more than 6,000 patients with heart disease or all other heart disease. They said that half high levels in their blood of a number of inflammation have not, I reactive protein of CRP. And they had high levels of interleukin-17 and the risk of the causes inflammation.

The drug did what it was supposed to do. It made its best to plunge. CRP levels fell in cancers. With these signals indicate that inflammation was controlled, it seemed only logical that heart disease completely and cardiovascular death rates would drop, too. But that didn't happen.

"I think we're all in a state of shock," said Dr. Martha Custer of National Methodist, past president of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology.

News Norfolk said in a statement that it was used to prevent the microtubule in two other studies of patients at risk of heart attacks and cardiovascular complications and deaths. These studies are based on it.

The idea that inflammation causes atherosclerosis does—back more than a quarter-century when Dr. Paul Walker of Stanford, and the research team published a paper pointing the link.

Dr. Sanjit Jolly, a medical stu-

dent at the time, vividly remembers a 2002 Time magazine cover story "Recovered from the based on Dr. Walker's work. It stated that inflammation, measured by CRP in the blood, was linked to heart attacks." I was really excited to see it like, he said.

Suggestive evidence began to accumulate. The research-based colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug used in treat gaps, in heart patients, it reduced heart disease complications but had inconsistent effects on inflammation.

An experimental anti-inflammatory drug made by Norwich had a small beneficial effect in heart patients but increased the risk of fatal infections. Norwich did not market the drug for heart disease, but it seemed additional proof of concept for the inflammation hypothesis.

As a professor at the Master University in Canada, Dr. Jolly saw a chance in 2010 to do what he hoped would be a definitive test of inflammation. It was also clear that previous studies, involving more than 2,000 heart disease patients who were given colchicine or a placebo, in 4% of CRP fell in those taking the drug, but they fared no better than those taking a placebo.

"People said, 'Something has to be wrong with your study,' Dr. Jolly said. 'I said: 'I am a scientist. I have to wait for trials like Zeno to come out.'

Now, with Zeno results that are likely identical to the results from Dr. Jolly's initially sited result, he is left wondering what will happen next, in the two News Norfolk study of nitroxalosis.

There are also learning to wonder if perhaps they have been getting their hopes on a high-fatigue basis.

Dr. C. Michael Gibson, a Harvard cardiologist, said he had not given up on the inflammation hypothesis, but was starting to question it. "I've been following the inflammation hypothesis for a couple of decades," he said.

The idea was very compelling. There was at least a good committee between inflammation and

A News Norfolk study, called Zeno, targeted heart disease patients.

outcomes." The hypothesis, he added, "seems to make good sense." But, he said, the News Norfolk study gave him peace.

Dr. Custer too has not given up on the hypothesis. But, she said, she is a longer course of the enthusiasm. She had hoped that by adding an inflammation treatment to treatments to lower LDL, the lead type of cholesterol, and could strong out heart disease.

"I actually thought this would be the new frontier," she said.

Now she is asking a new question, "Does this effect do you want to see the same thing?" She said. "I think you have a better way to see the same thing."

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THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, AUGUST 15, 2026

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Above, some of the animals included in the Phoenix Species Project. Below, the fuzzy belly button plant (Cemphyrium conservum).

Aid for Imperiled Plants and Animals

The Phoenix Species Fund will provide $200 million to help with the recovery of wildlife.

By CATHIN EDMHORN

The Trump administration is rolling back projections for endangered species. Concerns around the world are falling to deliver on their conservation commitments. Corporations are backpedaling on environmental pledges.

Still, life imperiled animals and plants got their giant lures last week.

A new fund called the Phoenix Species Project could it would pump $200 million into efforts to pull these animals and plants back from the brink of extinction and return to the state with 3:1 among the target of the anthropic funds-focused entirely on species recovery and it stands out for both the scope and specificity of the wildlife included.

The project is a collaboration between the state's nonprofit group co-founded by the actor Leonardo Di Caprio, and the Bezos Earth Fund, a private foundation created by Jeff Bezos, the billionaire behind Amazon.

The move comes amid alarming declines in global biodiversity, meaning the variety of life on the planet. Species and ecosystems are shrinking as humans plow, pave and mine the earth's land, pollute its rivers and pull link from its oceans. Climate change is adding new pressure. Human consumption — of food, energy and countries material goods — is ultimately to blame.

The hundred species were chosen because they were near extinction, had local organizations already working to save them and represent a diversity of habitats, countries and types of species.

There's the Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander in North Carolina, whose already dwindling habitat was largely leveled by mudslides from the remnants of Barricade Mohen in 2024. There's a charming plant in South Africa called the fuzzy belly button whose sudden popularity as a houseplant, particularly in East Asia, has driven it to near extinction in the wild. And there's the brownmelt, gatedfish in the Indo-Pacific, which looks like a cross between a cup and a shark and is killed for its period fine.

"Eros species down to very small numbers have been able to recover with the right resources, the right partners on the ground," said Wes Sechrest, a co-founder and the chief executive of Bo wild.

For some species, the money will unlock resources that should make recovery relatively straightforward, Dr Sechrest said. Others, like Mexico's vespata purpose, face far more challenging paths.

Julia P.O. Jones, a professor of conservation science at Bangor University in Wales whose research is able to make environmental efforts more effective, welcomed the sizable donations. But she said that broader, system-level changes were also needed.

"While species conservation can win some battles, we risk losing the war without

CHRIS MCCONNELL

bigger changes to how we use our environment," Dr. Jones said.

Take Mr. Bezos' company, Amazon. In July, it reached No. 1 on the Fortune Global 500 list of the largest companies. But its enormous sales are helping fuel the very problems that conservationists are left trying to solve.

"Amazon, like other big multinational corporations, is driving habitat loss and extinction through massive consumerism," said Brian O'Donnell, who runs a nature advocacy group that has received money from Sir Bezos Earth Fund. He emphasized his admiration for the people there, praising their good work and noting his excitement for this latest effort.

"Does it fully offset their responsibility?" he continued. "No, but this is a really cool fund that is super needed."

Amazon's emissions have been going up in recent years, even though it helped start the Climate Pledge in 2030, promising to reach our zero-emissions by 2040. A spokesperson said supply chain emissions and artificial intelligence were largely responsible for the rise but said Amazon remains committed to achieving its pledge.

The Bezos Earth Fund declined to make Mr. Bezos available for an interview. Tom Taylor, who worked at Amazon as a senior executive for more than 20 years and is now chief executive of the Bezos Earth Fund, acknowledged that companies must do far more to improve sustainability.

At the same time, he noted that consumers play an important role. Yes, Amazon makes it easy to buy stuff, he said, "but each of us individually have responsibility to make the decisions we make."

Beneath the economic and political dynamics are the local groups fighting to stave off extinctions, who say this influx of money

is going to make a big difference.

For the Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, it will mean boosting numbers in a captive breeding program and restoring habitat lost to the storm and invasive tree diseases so that the communities can be returned to the wild, said JJ Apodaca, executive director of the Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, which will be receiving a grant from the new fund.

"It gives us a real chance of success that we wouldn't have had otherwise," Dr. Apodaca said.

For the fuzzy belly button plant, a succulent that has lost more than two-thirds of its population to harvesting since 2030, the money will allow conservationists to breed more plants in captivity, buy trail cameras for security and work with communities so the plant can be returned to the wild without getting overharvested again, said Demitilla Rationのお客様, the threatened species program manager at the South African National Biodiversity Institute.

"They're not an charismatic as a panda bear or a rhino, so they don't tend to get the love and attention that other species get," she said. "What is really great about this Phoenix recovery plan is it's giving equal love to different species."

Still, it includes only three invertebrates, among them a snail in Tahiti, and no insects. "Vrek Mohen, chair of the Species Survival Commission at the International Union for Conservation of Nature, said the 100 species were a "fantastic first trip" and emphasized the need to scale quickly.

More than 15,000 species are classified as either critically endangered or extinct in the wild on the L.U.C.N. Red Lait, the leading global scientific authority on the status of species. Almost 40,000 more are endangered or vulnerable.

The common bluebottle is found in East, South and Southeast Asia.

Climate Change Spurs Butterfly Range Shifts

Many native species inhabit new areas, a recent study shows.

By ANNIE BOITE

More than 1,700 butterfly species across 105 countries are not living where they once did, according to a study published last week in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution. That translates to nearly one in 10 butterfly species with a new range.

These sensitive sentinels have little tolerance for changes to their environment, so when temperatures rise or emulators are moved to a lower temperature, butterflies must take flight as search of more hospitable habitats.

"Butterfly species are shifting their rot, shown in dry containers where they occur," said Eleanor Chowdhury, head of the Global Change Ecology Lab at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and the director of the study. This trend, Dr. Chowdhury and his colleagues say, can be attributed to a combination of factors, but in most cases to climate change, extreme weather and industrial agriculture.

The study found evidence of range shifts in about 10 percent of known butterfly species in what the authors say is the largest such study ever conducted.

When Dr. Chowdhury began studying butterflies near his childhood home in Bangladesh, it didn't take long for him to notice that they were leaving the area. "When I started doing fieldwork, it was quite easy to find 60 to 70 species of butterflies in a small urban green space," he said. A few years later, however, "it became very difficult to find just 15 species."

After nursing his Ph.D. and moving to Monash University, Dr. Chowdhury decided to see if what he had witnessed in Bangladesh was happening elsewhere. He compiled research and noticed something permitting: Previous studies on the shifting ranges of butterflies worldwide were focused largely on Europe, which is home to less than 10 percent of the world's butterfly species. Roughly 90 percent of butterfly species live in the tropics, yet few studies had included data from those regions.

Hoping to get a better sense of global butterfly movements, Dr. Chowdhury began collecting non-English language studies and data from researchers based in the tropics. This "changed everything," he said.

With this approach, Dr. Chowd-

bury and his colleagues found that in 51 of the countries included, at least a quarter of the native butterfly species weren't living where they once did. In 10 of these countries, the proportion jumped to more than half.

While all the butterfly species examined had undergone some degree of range expansion or shrinkage, many species experienced both. Eighty percent of the butterfly species the researchers studied expanded their ranges, establishing themselves in areas that had previously been unsuitable for them to inhabit.

For example, an orange butterfly with black spots known as the tarrey counter was once found only in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, but over the past few decades it has expanded its range all the way to Australia.

The range of 17 percent of the species the scientists looked at had shrunk, including the small blue butterfly in Britain, whose range has decreased by over 40 percent in their 1950s.

Whether a butterfly species was gaining ground, losing it or both, the researchers found that in 70 percent of cases, climate change and extreme weather were the main drivers. Habitat loss, industrial agriculture and other factors also played a role.

"We've known that butterflies are shifting their ranges in response to climate change, but this is the first study to present evidence across such a large geographic and naturalistic scale," said Candace Fabian, a conservation biologist at the Seroes Society for Invertebrate Conservation who was not involved with the study.

While range shifts are natural for the survival of sensitive species like butterflies, scientists are concerned about what's driving these shifts. In the United States, total butterfly abundance dropped by 22 percent between 2000 and 2020.

Chris Grinter, a senior collection manager of entomology at the California Academy of Sciences who was not involved with the study, argues that butterflies act as canaries in the coal mine that is our planet and that their movements often signal profound ecological changes.

Mr. Grinter said that the study's findings show the need for more global monitoring of butterfly populations and increased conservation efforts for butterflies. For those who want to help, he recommends planning native plants, leaving lawns, canteens and reporting butterfly sightings on platforms like iNaturalist.

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Well

Ask the Therapist! | LORI GOTTLIEB

How Did Tell Mom My Child Is Trans?

I come from a large, conservative, religious family. I left home 50 years ago for the West Coast and raised my son in a progressive community. To my shock, several years ago, my 30-year-old son came out as nonbinary. She has now fully transitioned and is a lovely trans woman. Her father and I, while divorced, are both supportive. But my family remains in the dark. I frequently visit my 50-year-old mother, siblings and aunts, and I always feel uncomfortable when asked about my 'son.' My mother is fervently against people being gay, and being trans is a step beyond. Although I left home because of the judgmental, narrow confines in which I grew up, I love my family, and it's extremely important to me to retain a close relationship despite our differences.

My sister knows about my trans daughter, but we decided not to tell my mother. When she asks about her grandson, I feel a cognitive dissonance and downright deceptive using my daughter's birth name. For discussed this with my daughter, and while she's unwilling to visit out-of-state family, she is fine to be 'out' should anyone visit here or ask.

Should I be honest and risk Grandmak heartbreak and everyone else's judgment, or continue to stay in the closet? And if Grandma visits, an upcoming possibility, should we host a family reveal gathering?

From the Therapist You're do nothing a difficult kind: You love your daughter and want to honor who she is, and you also love the family you came from, even though their beliefs differ from yours. But while you seem focused on how revealing your daughter's transition might affect both of them, I think what you're also struggling with is how it might affect you.

I noticed you asked whether you (not your daughter) should "continue to stay in the closet" and whether you (not your daughter) should risk receiving "everyone else's judgment." I sounds as if you felt some version of this growing up: struggling to be why you were and afraid of being judged by the people who meant so much to you.

Moving away seemed like a good solution. For the past 16 years, you've had a safe buffer, how that buffer has begun to break down. Each time your mother asks about your 'son,' your mother might be to avoid the topic, except the dissonance that we good. You're not just withholding some of your views; you're hiding an entire person—and not just your daughter, but yourself.

Since your daughter feels comfortable sharing her transition, let's consider what it means for you to 'come out.' I imagine your hair sounds like this: If I tell my mother the truth about my daughter, what might she think about me? Will she think? Jaded as a person? Will she judge me all over again for leaving the community where values she love for?

But what if you could also view this coming out as an opportunity—a chance to stop managing everyone's feelings with avoidance or distance and to be open about who you and your family might act?

This doesn't mean you should spring the news of your daughter's transition with an enhanced family reveal party that would leave them feeling unfounded. You can start with a private conversation with your mother by stating the facts clearly, just as you did in

this letter. Several years ago, our son told us he was nonbinary and subsequently transitioned from male to female. I understand this conflicts with your beliefs, and for a while I considered not telling you, but I realized that honesty is the better approach.

If your mother has a negative reaction, you might say: 'I'm not asking you to pretend you have no feelings about this. I'm sure this is confusing and shocking for you. But I'm very proud of my daughter, and what matters is that your daughter is loved and treated with respect.'

Whatever follows will require grace, both for your mother and for yourself. You don't have to ask your mother to become fluent in contemporary people language overnight, or expect her to embrace something that runs counter to a nonbinary she has been immersed in her nearly a century. At the same time, it's important to remember that you're not learning your mother for speaking truthfully. How your mother reacts—with heartbreak, distress, disappointed or maybe even some degree of eventual acceptance—is how to own.

This applies to your entire family. Some might surprise you, while others might disappoint you. And some of this may change for those who love—time spent with your daughter and time adjusting to something outside their comfort zone.

Ultimately, the goal here isn't to force your family into ideological agreement. It's not to be a pattern of treating parts of yourself and violating your integrity by making secrecy the price of belonging. And just as your family members might need to expand their capacity for complexity, so might you. What you may learn is that you can be goodly with your mother, pressure or your daughter and truthful about your life. While learning a generous amount of space for everyone to find their way through this imperfectly.

If you have a question, send a self-addressed copy to you, don't like a question. Send a self-addressed copy to you, don't like a question. Send a self-addressed copy to you, don't like a question.

Heart Disease in Young Women

Rates have been increasing, but there are steps you can take to lower the deadly risk.

By NINA AGRAWAL

The threat of heart disease, and of dying there, is rising among young women.

Recent research has suggested that nearly one-third of all women ages 20 to 44 will have heart disease in 2015, up from one fourth today. And women under 50 are more likely to die from heart attacks than men under 50.

Despite common misconceptions, "heart disease is, in fact, a woman's disease," said Dr. Emily Lau, co-director of the Mass General Brigham Women's Heart Health program, that is a possible to lower risk.

One reason for the increase in heart disease in younger women is that some of the drivers — including obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes — have become increasingly common in younger ages.

These risk factors apply to everyone, but research has shown that some have a greater or different women.

For example, women with diabetes have been more severe disease—those in this issue than men do; smoking also increases women's risk more than it does men's.

Using women with high blood pressure are often underdiagnosed and under-treated.

But heart disease risk may actually start rising at lower blood pressure levels in women under 50. Dr. Emily, C. Paul Henry Mori, director of the Barbra Srinivasa Women's Heart Center at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles.

Baseline checks of your blood pressure, blood pressure and hemoglobin A1C (a measure of average blood glucose levels) are important for assessing risk. Factors recommended all adults strive for these levels:

• Blood pressure under 120 mm Hg, > 60 mm Hg.

• Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, under 100 mg/dL.

• Body mass index under 25.

• Hemoglobin A1C of 5.0 or lower.

"Knowing your numbers is your most powerful tool," said Dr. Floyd Prunney, director of the Women's Heart Care program at Northwestern Medicine. "And it's never too early to start."

Every woman should work with her physician "in being off-target numbers in target." The patient is a person who is under lifestyle measures — eating a Mediterranean or Ercith-style diet, not smoking, limiting alcohol and doing both aerobic and resistance exercise — as well as medication and alcohol.

Our capital to the disparate effects of risk factors by sex is that it works in the three directions, too, she said. Studies have shown that women achieve the same reduction in cardiovascular risk and that only as men with half the amount of exercise.

There is a growing recognition that one-specific factors also play a role. These include premature menopause (before age 45) and polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (previously known as PC-O.S.). They also include pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, and inflammatory autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, which disproportionately affect women.

Each of these is associated with increased heart disease risk, but may not necessarily be causal, said Dr. Martha Gutail, director of the Davis Women's Heart Center at Houston Methodist. For example, it's not clear whether high blood pressure is pregnancy itself increases heart disease risk. If it simply highlights some preexisting vascular abnormality, Dr. Gutail said. Either way, it can signal who is most likely to develop premature heart disease.

In patients with these risk factors, Dr. Gutail said, "we need up being over aggressive" about managing blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol.

Women in their 20s, 30s and 40s are less likely than older women in have a routine health care provider and often skip or delay care because of costs, according to surveys, home or family quality and obstetrician-gynecologists for primary care.

Doctors recommended finding a primary care physician who can check for heart disease or related risk factors during these years. "We want to be thinking about how to do this," said Dr. Paul Henry Mori, a physician in the best cardiovascular health care center in the U.S. Last year, because the role of heart disease in women increases after that.

Beyond routine blood work, doctors patient to address these that may help better assess individual risk.

One to the contrary, every patient (CAC) score, which comes from a specialized CT scan of the heart. The behaviour of these ages that lead to deep, attacks of a propulsion, silent process; Dr. Prunney said. A CAC score, which shows whether and how much calcified plaque is in the coronary arteries, can help identify that process before symptoms appear, enabling doctors to start treatment and prevent heart attacks.

Guidelines also recommend that all adults have the risk of lipoprotein A1C, particular type of "half" cholesterol, checked visits. The level of control usually change throughout life, but menopause is a suitable exception. Dr. Gutail said that women with a borderline level should have it or checked after menopause.

Dr. Gutail suggests that women also have their C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, checked with a blood test, tissue research and supported that the marker can predict cardiovascular risk, though the evidence is not yet strong enough for the test to be widely recommended. Dr. Henry Mori said.

Guidance for Treating Knee Pain

Reviewing the types, the causes and doctors' advice about how to manage it.

By ALLENSMORE DECORATO

After the back, the knees are the second most common site of chronic pain. In the back, Many people will experience knee pain at some point in their lives, whether from injuries or cartilage and soft tissue as active younger adults, or from wear and tear as they get.

As your largest pain, your knees absorb force when you're playing sports, taking the stairs and getting into bed. That stress can wear these your joints, and, if you already have an injury, lead to pain that can range from uncomfortable to debilitating.

Chronic pain can be particularly draining — physically, financially and emotionally, said Dr. Matthew Abdel, an orthopedic surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. Someone might not say, "Hey, my knee's really killing me," he said. "But as they're talking to you about something that's totally unrelated, they're thinking about it."

For example, there are steps you can take to manage the discomfort, maintain your mobility and prevent future injury. "You don't just necessarily go from 'my knee hurts' to turning surgery," said Robert Turner, a physical therapist at the Hospital of General Surgery in New York. "You have to be a good health care provider, but it's really unrelated. They're thinking about it."

Common Causes

The most common cause of chronic knee pain, particularly in adults 20 and older, is osteoarthritis.

With this condition, the cartilage in your joints wears out and loses its ability to absorb shock. This leads to inflammation, a common swelling and pain that may have become worse over time, though you may have good and bad days, said Dr. Nicholas Scarcella, an orthopedic surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic. That pain can be sharp or noiseless, and the other different parts of the knee, along the sides or under the knee, should be the most common cause of chronic knee pain.

Using people who are physically active, overuse injuries are also common causes of knee pain. These injuries are typically caused by suddenly increasing your exercise intensity, duration or release. Diseases of the knee are usually found in patients, which causes pain in the outside of the knee. Overuse, weak good muscles, poor body function, and severe injuries injuries can lead to paraffinic and pain syndrome, also called surgery's knee, while causes pain in the buttock.

Knee pain can also come on suddenly, after being in contact with the cartilage, and even just while bending over in the garden. With these injuries, the pain can be sharp and intense.

One of the most common knee injuries is the pain that continues, to become shaped piece of cartilage that absorbs shock and helps keep your knee stable. There are often caused by a treating motion and can result in sharp pain, scarring and trouble bending the joints.

Laparent sprains occur when one of your knee's four major ligaments — together bands of connective tissue that provide stability — stretches too far or tears. Two commonly injured ligaments are the M.C.L. and

the A.C.L. With an A.C.L. tear in particular, you may feel a pop.

Treating Overuse and Arthritis Pain

Even if your pain has apparent gradually, you should consider seeing a physical therapist. They are not you identify ways you move that may be contributing to your knee pain, such as weakness in your hips or a tendency for your feet to collapse inward. Dr. Turner said. They will know if you should see a physician, who can otherwise a physical therapist without a referral. But your coverage will vary based on your insurance and where you live, so it's worth checking with your provider is advance.

If you plan to treat a future pain, you should at a new injury, strengthening the muscles around the knee, both above your glutes, hip flexors, quads and hamstrings and below your ulnar and ankle muscles. If you have a training patient, you will be able to see a new pain. If you have a new pain, you should see a physiotherapist, who can also see a pain. If you have a new pain, you should see a physiotherapist, who can also see a pain. If you have a new pain, you should see a physiotherapist, who can also see a pain. If you have a new pain, you should see a physiotherapist, who can also see a pain. If you have a new pain, you should see a physiotherapist, who can also see a pain.

Doctors should reduce pain into severe arthritis, and may be so effective as over-the-counter pain relievers. Lower-impact doses of aerobic exercise such as biking, swimming or using the elliptical can be up to 1 year, so you need to increase a patient. Some studies have shown that supine and wearing habits, supportive doses may help.

If lifestyle changes and oral medications aren't helping, your doctor might recommend a small injection. These may result in your pain for a few weeks but are not recommended for frequent use. Dr. Scarcella said.

There is missed evidence to support of hydatemia and injections to reduce pain. The patient has a history of a high amount with less advanced osteoarthritis for whom other treatments have failed. Some doctors may recommend platelet-rich plasma injections to reduce pain in certain patients, but these treatments can be expensive and ha-

work have found to regenerate cartilage, said Dr. Joanne Berg-Smit, the director of representative medicine for Mass General Brigham. If you've tried a range of treatments and your pain is still affecting your quality of life, your doctor may recommend knee replacement surgery.

Treating Injuries

For sudden injuries, Dr. Turner recommends stopping the activity that caused the pain and applying it to a patient. The interference of the pain rather than just the front. Over-the-counter pain relievers like fingers for or toward alternations can help. Certain injuries, like a new A.C.L. or someone, may lead to surgery in some patients.

You should see a doctor if your knee feels unstable or you have sudden sharp, shivering pain, curl, running aches or can't walk more than four steps without pain. Dr. Turner said. The accident ignores the patient, which can be a sign of infection — or pain that is worsening, directly over the knee or keeping you up at night. Dr. Berg-Smit said.

Keeping Knee Healthy

Many risk factors for knee pain are not of our hands. Dr. Abdel said — you can't change your age or genetics, for example. But maintaining a healthy body weight can help reduce the load of the knees. Every step you's load of two to three times your body weight in your knee.

Staying active is also important. Though it's a common misconception that some people are not able to do so, it's not to be a good way to do so. "You're not going to have a good way to do so. You're not going to have a good way to do so. You're not going to have a good way to do so.

Even if you have arthritis, as long as you have a good way to do so, it's not to be a good way to do so. You're not going to have a good way to do so.

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9

D7

Well

What to Do if Your Estrogen Patch Is Out of Stock

Recommendations from experts so as not to miss a dose of hormone therapy.

By DANIELLE FRIEDMAN

When Ellen Went was in her late 40s, she began having night sweats that rained her sleep and left her feeling depleted the next day. Her doctor prescribed an estrogen patch, and after trying out different doses, the sweats eventually stopped.

Then, earlier this year, her local pharmacy ran out of her patch, along with all the pharmacies in neighboring towns. For months, she scrambled to stay on the treatment by mixing and matching available lower-dose patches: 'The a busy working man with three little kids.' Mr. Went, now 31, said, 'It feels truly ridiculous.'

Since January, women across the country have reported difficulty filling prescriptions for estrogen patches, which help treat menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep issues and brain fog, and preserve bone density.

While a few manufacturers reported shortages as far back as 2015, the problem has become more pervasive this year, menopause care providers said.

The New York Times reported on the shortage in February, when it forenoons most of patches that deliver estradiol, a form of estrogen, were in shortage. As of Friday, that number was 21, according to the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, a professional group for pharmacists.

There is still enormous difficulty obtaining the estradiol patch to a consistent wzyc said Hollie Wakelys, a pharmacist based near Seattle who specializes in menopause medicine. It's not clear when the shortages will improve, experts said.

A spokeswoman for Sandys, one of the manufacturers having a shortage, said it had been working on increasing its global supply, and in the meantime, had 'allocated additional quantities' to the United States.

Demand for estrogen to manage symptoms of perimenopause and menopause has surged. In part because of an enormous trust in the safety of menopause hormone therapy. Last year, the Food and Drug Administration increased working labels from products containing estrogen.

While accessing hormone therapy might require more effort right now, there are a few workahundits that can help you continue treatment — though you should consult with your provider before making any changes. 'We don't want you to suffer, we don't want you to go without medication, and you don't have to,' Dr. Wakelys said.

We asked menopause experts to share their most effective strategies for helping patients obtain or stay an estrogen during the shortage.

Get a Flexible Prescription

If your local pharmacy is out of your patch, start by calling around to other nearby

pharmacies to see if it's available. 'Different pharmacies have different strategies of these medications, and so it's definitely worth checking,' said Dr. Stephanie Faulkner, the New York Times, Mrs. Marie Clark, Center for Women's Health and medical director of the Menopause Society.

You can also ask your provider to write an 'open format' prescription, asking that you see open to the next, another brand of the same dose, if they are out of your preferred patch, Dr. Wakelys said. (Some providers do this regularly, but others will only do it as requested.)

That way, if your pharmacy is out of your first choice, they can fill the prescription without having to go back to your provider for approval.

'Most of the time, we can interchange the patches that we have,' Dr. Wakelys said. You can also see which products are not

'There is still enormous difficulty obtaining the estradiol patch in a consistent way.'

in shortage on the website for the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and ask your provider to request one of these formulations in their prescription.

Dr. Suzanne Gifford, an OBGYN and menopause specialist in the Los Angeles area, also suggested asking your doctor to request a 90-day supply, as many pharmacies will default to a 20-day order.

If you can't find your patch locally, or can't devote time to traveling to other pharmacies, the experts suggested trying a major online pharmacy. While you'll have to wait to receive your prescription by mail, these pharmacies often have a larger supply than local retailers.

Cut Patches in Half, or Wear Two

Depending on the type of estrogen patch you use, you may be able to collide together your dose by using the patches pharmacies

have on hand, said Dr. Lauren Sirother, a clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

If only a higher dose is available, ask your provider whether it is safe for you to cut your patch in half or quirkers.

Before you reach for the scissors, though, note that estrogen patches come in two varieties: The most popular type deliver estrogen through a 'matrix' of adhesive, but some deliver estrogen through a small 'conserva' or pocket, of liquid or gel. Only the matrix style patch can be cut.

If only a lower-dose patch is available, you can wear two instead of one.

If you can currently use a patch that requires you in charge it twice a week, you could also try switching to one that is changed once a week — or vice versa.

Try a Cut, Spray, Ring or Fill

Extrapol patches are popular for a reason: They're convenient, widely covered by insurance and deliver estrogen through the skin into the bloodstream.

But they are not the only form of estrogen therapy — and none of the other delivery systems are in shortage. For some women, there might be a more effective option that's easier to find, Dr. Gifford said.

If you are not in charge, you can try switching to a daily gel or spray, which you rub or start on your upper arms or thigh.

You can also try a vaginal ring, a silicone device that you insert into the vagina, which is a common estrogen. You switch it out every three months.

'There is also an estrogen, taken as a pill. Oral estrogen isn't typically recommended for women at risk of blood clots or liver problems, and it can cause more side effects compared to estrogen that's absorbed through the skin, but it is a safe choice for many women, Dr. Sirother said.

For some women in perimenopause, a low-dose hormonal contraceptive pill can also effectively manage symptoms.

In recent months, some manufacturers of dietary supplements have used the shortage as a marketing opportunity, claiming their products will ease menopause symptoms, but there is little evidence to support their efficacy, Dr. Wakelys said.

Dr. Faulkner also urged caution if you are considering getting estrogen from a compounding pharmacy.

Since the Food and Drug Administration does not approve compounded products, their quality can vary, experts said. If you are considering using a compounded medication, ask your doctor to recommend a compounding pharmacy they trust.

Your provider can advise us whether you are a good candidate for a different form of estrogen therapy.

'It doesn't have to be forever,' Dr. Wakelys said. But some women find that they actually prefer one of the other methods, she added.

Is It True Love Or Love Bombing?

Over-the-top affection in a new romance can be a precursor to emotional abuse.

By MELINDA WENNER MOYER

When Sue Knudson was in her late teens, an acquaintance gave her his phone number, changing the course of her life.

The two started dating. He praised her incessantly, she said, telling her the one perfect — the woman he'd been looking for for whole life. He bought her flowers and took her out on lavish dawn. He tested her throughout the day to check on her.

Ms. Knudson, 30, who lives in Siens Falls, ILU, did not know it at the time, but her new boyfriend was exhibiting a behavior known as 'love bombing.' Although it can be difficult to distinguish from healthy human diseases early morning, love bombing in a patient or behavior that helps people capture the hearts of their love interests only in later control them.

Love bombing is a form of 'disolusion and seduction that becomes the prelude to what will be emotional manipulation and control,' said Rameel Durvasula, a clinical psychologist and professor emerita at California State University, Los Angeles.

In his own time, Ms. Knudson said, the dynamic element of love is her relationship. Her boyfriend began monitoring her tests and calls, she said, the challenges her when she started to share friends. He made her feel as if she had to do what he said or she'd lose him and not lay alone.

Too Much, Too Soon

The term 'love bombing' dates to the 1970s, when the tactic was used by the Unification Council, a federal and religious movement that critics and former members have described as a rob. Church members would often shower potential recruits with warmth and praise to get them to you.

In 1970, the phrase is commonly used to describe ever-drought affection and attention at the beginning of a romantic relationship. In casual parlance, diners may talk about love bombing as merely an 'old' cooking or a 'new' or a 'prelude to glowing. But clinicians say that it can be a dangerous red flag.

There are no clear statistics on how

closely love bombing is linked to abuse, said Chera Raghavan, a psychologist at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice who studies power dynamics in intimate partner abuse. However, Dr. Raghavan said, 'I've understood it in almost every domestic violence case I've had, that there was a period of love bombing.'

Love bombing often takes the form of excessive compliments. Dr. Raghavan said. The person might say, 'You are really incredible, and so one has more love incredible you are, but I am seeing it,' she said.

These compliments often play in recipients' deepest vulnerabilities, like attractiveness or intelligence.

A love bomber also tends to contact a new partner in community. They want to see you every day, they show up at work, they call, they test, they need you place,' Dr. Raghavan said.

They may also imply that they are looking for long-term commitment. They might say, 'I can already see the house we're going to live in.' Dr. Durvasula, the clinical psychologist, said. 'What should we name out kids?'

When the Spell Breaks

Love bombers rarely and intense attention serves to overstretch people, so that they don't think to question why things are annoying, so that a 'love bombing' can be made. Raghavan explained, it turns people in 'below they can say, 'that, we'd like doesn't seem right,' she said.

Not everyone who is a love bomber necessarily becomes abusive, and researchers are not sure whether love bombers engage in these behaviors with the clear intent of trapping and, later, abusing their partners. 'This is a million dollar question,' Dr. Durvasula said. It's really difficult, she said, to tease out motivation and intent.

Complicating things further, abusers don't usually think of themselves as abusers. Dr. Raghavan added, 'They think of themselves primarily as people whom the world doesn't understand,' Dr. Raghavan said.

Love bombers often, but not always, have mermaid traits, said Amy Brandt, a psychologist at Ohio State University, which can include displaying behaviors that indicate entitlement.

They often test the other person's com-

mitment — for example, they may stop testing or calling for a few days, hoping to provide peace and shut decisions on addiction, Dr. Brandt said. They might also act in a mean way and apologize probably from.

The love bomber can be hit as if they are directly threatened by the other person's friendships or hobbies, as Ms. Knudson described. Her boyfriend, she said, would complain when she talked to other friends, and act jealous.

'There's a triangulation — you choose me or you choose them,' Dr. Durvasula said. If the person refuses to stop back from friendships or interests, she added, 'the pushback is met with anger.'

Trust Your Disease

It can be difficult to recognize love bombing when it is happening, Dr. Durvasula said, adding, 'This is the big one of the challenges.' San Feingy love bombed, or in this not somebody who's really interested at me?'

The distinction can be blurred because of what we are taught to expect, Dr. Durvasula

said, with early courtship expected to be intense. Love bombing also 'plays on our human need for attachment, our human need for love, our human desire to be connected to other people,' she said.

People should not be hard on themselves if they don't recognize it when it happens, Dr. Durvasula said.

Still, she advised, he wary of partners who resent your boundaries, personal interests or friendships or who pressure you to prove your loyalty or commitment.

Ending a relationship with a love bomber can be difficult, as love bomber often creates, Dr. Durvasula said. There may be angry texts, name-calling and even stalking. To escape her boyfriend's pursuit of her, Ms. Knudson said, she eventually had to move in another train.

If there is a concern about safety, experts said, the National Domestic Violence Hotline can help.

In January, it's important to trust your girl early on in relationship, Dr. Brandt said.

'It's feels like it's too much,' she added, 'it probably is.'

'They show up at work, they call, they test, they need you place.'

www.merriam.com

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D8

Veterinarians Join the Fight to Keep Hives Buzzing

Photographs by WILL CROOKS for The New York Times

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21 cars, horses, crew and giggs. "I think the honeybee deserves a similar status," said Dr Mayot, a professor at the university's vet school.

If half of the nation's dogs — or cars or cows or horses — were in unexpectedly drop dead every winter, it would be an animal health emergency. "Yet in bookkeeping, it's basically called Wednesday," Dr. Mayot said. "It's considered totally normal."

'Basically Micro-Livestock'

Dr. Mayot, who grew up in a tiny agricultural town in southwestern Germany, spent much of his childhood around farm animals. But when he began veterinary school in Budapest, he found himself drawn to birds, lizards and the exotic creatures about which much less was known.

He also fell in love with honeybees. Unlike vet schools in the United States, many in Europe made honeybee health part of the curriculum, presenting the investigations as "basically micro-livestock," Dr. Mayot said.

Honeybee medicine was offbeat enough to capture his attention. "I also thought that's super romantic, having your own bees, making your own honey," Dr. Mayot said.

And in the early 2000s, after he took a job as an exotic animal vet in the United States, he got a few hives of his own.

By then, it was clear that honeybees were facing serious threats. Varma deteriorate as invasive, parasitic mite that feeds on living bees, was at the top of the list. But dozens of dangers lurked: was mottle, hive beetles; digestate-dorsaging fungi; viruses that caused paralysis or wing deformities; bacteria that could wipe out all of a colony's young.

For years, American beekeepers managed outbreaks mostly on their own, diagnosing many diseases, visually and then administering their preferred treatments. The fact that beekeepers could buy antibiotics over the counter, without consulting a veterinarian, helped enable this self-sufficiency.

But in 2017, amid concern about the rise of antibiotic-resistant microbes, federal regulators tightened access to antibiotics. Suddenly, beekeepers who wanted to use the drugs needed veterinarians.

There was just one problem. "In the U.S., we weren't well trained for taking care of honeybees," said Dr. Mary A. Farone, a veterinarian at Grove City College in Pennsylvania who took a sabbatical in Europe to learn more.

Since 2017, several professional organizations, including a newly formed Honey Bee Veterinary Consortium, have been trying to bring practicing vets up to speed, creating continuing-education courses and special certifications. Internet in the subject has been growing, experts said.

"We certainly have made some great strides," said Dr. Farone, who now studies and teaches about honeybee health. "When I go to veterinary conferences and I speak about honeybees, my rooms are full." (She added, "It's not another dog-diarrhea lecture, right?")

But the knowledge gap is large. In one survey, conducted in 2023 and 2024, 76 percent of veterinarians said they did not know how to write honeybee prescriptions; 95 percent indicated that they would be unable to identify honeybee diseases.

So some veterinary schools have also been working to give the next generation of vets a better grounding in bees.

"During the vets come in in really needed because it's so hard for the bees and the beekeepers right now," said Meghan Milbrath, who helped establish, and now leads, a honeybee medicine program at Michigan State University, and was an author of the vet survey. "We just really need all hands on deck."

Honeybee Medicine

At the University of Georgia, Dr. Mayot figured that he was well positioned to help vet students get a handle on honeybees. After the Food and Drug Administrations rule change, he said he asked himself, "Well, why don't I get a problem my hobby, the beekeeping, with my job?"

He teamed up with colleagues at the university's agriculture school, which was already home to a renowned bee lab and beekeeper certification program. Together, they created a program in honeybee medicine, which now includes a bee club, a bee treatment crew and a three-week elective rotation.

Madison Morgan, a fourth-year vet student from Austell, Ga., surprised herself by signing up for all of it. She had arrived at school with no particular interest in bees. "They were not on my radar in the slightest," she confessed.

But when she heard about the bee club, she was intrigued, and Dr. Mayot's enthusiasm won her over.

"It ended up being a newhand love that it was not reporting," said Ms. Morgan, who ultimately became a manager of the bee treatment crew. Seeing a bee return to the hive, transporting thick hickled oatmeal on its legs, had become an exciting as watching her dog learn a new trick. "When we use them coming with pollen pants, we're so proud of that bee," she said.

But at some work, when challenge a central toner of veterinary medicine, in which the life of each individual animal masters, "We all love animals, and we're like, 'Oh, we want to save each and every one,'" Ms. Morgan said.

That approach makes little sense for honeybees, which have life space that can be measured in weeks and can survive only as part of a larger colony. Colonies are often

Right, a frame from a honeybee hive with a wax-nash infestation in Athens, Ga.

described as "superorganisms," with the bees working collectively to perform more basic biological functions.

So in honeybee medicine, the bee is not the patient; the hive is. The vet school's teaching galaxy had 10 of them, each housed in a tower of stacked boxes that grew taller as the colony expanded.

The students on the bee treatment crew inspect the hives every week. They begin by examining the debris that accumulates at the bottom of each hive. Pollen grains and wax flakes are normal byproducts of a healthy, active colony. But finding hive beetles, marmedled bee larvae or lots of tiny, reddish-brown specks — Varna mites — on the bottom found can spell trouble.

The students also smoke the wooden frames inside each hive, which hold the wax cantile that bees can to store their food and raise their young. "Is there enough pollen, nectar and honey to keep the colony nourished? Do the bees need more space? Are there signs of pests or pathogens?

Halalot Health

On that frenzy Sunday morning in April, the suspension did turn up two Varna mites, which was no cause for panic. The mites have become so widespread that it's not unusual to that a live in a hive. Treatment would not be required unless the mite population rose.

Although Varna can bring down even the strongest hive, healthy, well-fed colonies can keep some pests and pathogens "in check" on their own, said Lewis J. Bartlett, who leads research at the University of Georgia's bee lab and helped create the honeybee medicine program.

"But if we run out of good food for them, because we've seen losses of pollinator habitat," he added, "and we're poisoning them with all these insecticides and fungicides."

Left, Dr. Jörg Mayot of the University of Georgia's veterinary teaching hospital. Below Dr. Mayot, a student viewing a parasite sample; Dr. Mayot's classroom; and probiotics for a hive feeder.

From top, some veterinary uses of bees and honey: bee-sting apitherapy on a parrot, an injection of bee venom compound for a horse with arthritis; the application of cow honey to a wounded armadillo; and honeybee stingers used in an apitherapy treatment.

and other agrochemicals that we know inhibit their immune system, then you can get these huge outbreaks."

So the program encouraged students to think holistically about hive health, teaching them about the nutritional principles and environmental conditions that could protect bees, and beekeepers, from large-scale issues.

"If you get called out to an agency," Dr. Mayot said, "you don't want to be that guy that just drives around to a status wagon and writes a prescription and says, 'See you later.'"

Dr. Mayot doesn't expect his students to orient their entire careers around bees but hopes that they will feel comfortable taking on beekeepers as customers.

Indeed, Ms. Morgan, recently decided to speculate in surgery. But, she said, she hopes to be a resource for local beekeepers and to keep her own hives at home.

Of course, that was how Dr. Mayot started, with just a casual beekeeping hobby and a separate professional specialty. Now, even his work with exotic animals incorporates bees. He has used honey, which may speed the healing of certain wounds, to treat injured turtles and armadillos and is uncongesting whether bee products might have benefits for animals with cancer, them, he said, have "really taken over my life."